Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyenziwa futhi kusetshenziswe ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuze bahlole futhi bahlonze izifo nezimo ezihlukahlukene ngokuthatha nokuhlola isampula yegazi lesiguli. I-CBC noma i-Complete Blood Count ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele okutshela ukuthi zingaki izinhlobo zamangqamuzana ezikhona egazini lomuntu. I-CBC iphakathi kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuvamile okunqunyiwe futhi inikeza umbono osheshayo wempilo yomuntu iyonke. Ukuhlolwa kwe-CBC okusetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukululama komuntu ekulimaleni, ukuhlinzwa, noma enye inkinga yezempilo nayo iyithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuxilonga elikhethwa kakhulu ochwepheshe bezokwelapha.  

Siyini Isibalo Segazi Eliphelele?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, namaplatelet emzimbeni. Uhlobo ngalunye lwamangqamuzana egazi lunendima ebalulekile emizimbeni yethu, ngakho ukwazi amazinga amangqamuzana egazi kunganikeza ukwaziswa okubalulekile ngempilo yethu.

Ama-CBC angase anikezwe njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuvamile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-CBC kuhlanganisa:

• Hlola izimpawu ze i-anemia, isimo sezempilo lapho inani lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi ehla ngokushesha.
• Nquma ukuthi sikhona yini esinye isimo sezempilo esicashile noma unikeze incazelo yezimpawu ezinjengobuthakathaka, imfiva, imihuzuko, noma ukukhathala.
• Nquma umthelela wemithi ehlukene, izimo, noma izindlela zokwelapha, njenge-chemotherapy.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesibalo segazi esiphelele kuhlola ukuba khona kwamaPlatelets, okwenza kube lula ukujiyisa kwegazi. Ekuhlolweni kwe-CBC yodenga, ukubalwa kweplatelet kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ukwenza izinqumo.
• Kuyanconywa futhi ukuqapha ukuphazamiseka kwegazi.

Izibalo zegazi eziphelele zembula ukuthi kukhona ukwanda okungavamile noma ukuncipha kwenani lamaseli egazini. Kungaba wuphawu lokuthi umuntu unesimo sezempilo esidinga ukubhekisiswa kabanzi. Ukuhlola igazi okuphelele nakho kusiza ukulandelela isimo sezempilo esaziwayo.

Inhloso Yokuhlolwa

Isibalo segazi esiphelele singenye yokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile okwenziwa ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene:

• Hlola Impilo Ephelele - Ukuhlolwa kwegazi eligcwele kungaba yingxenye yokuhlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umuntu unempilo futhi uhlole izinto ezifana ne-anemia noma i-leukemia.
• Hlola Isimo Sezokwelapha - Uma umuntu ezizwa ebuthakathaka, ekhathele, noma enomkhuhlane, ukuhlolwa kwegazi eligcwele kungasiza ukuthola ukuthi kwenzekani. Kungasiza futhi odokotela ukuthi bathole ukuthi kungani umuntu enesifo ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, imihuzuko noma ukopha.
• Ukuhlola Noma yisiphi Isimo Sezempilo - Ukuhlolwa kwegazi eligcwele kungasiza ukulandelela izinto ezithinta amangqamuzana egazi.
• Ukuqapha Inqubekelaphambili Yokwelashwa Kwezokwelapha - Isibalo segazi esigcwele singenziwa ukuze kuqashwe ukuqhubeka kokwelashwa ngemithi enomthelela ekubalweni kwamangqamuzana egazi kanye nemisebe.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa kwe-CBC

I-Complete Blood Count (CBC) ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile okunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokwakheka nempilo yegazi lakho. I-CBC ikala izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zegazi lakho futhi isetshenziselwa izinjongo ezimbalwa zokuxilonga nokuhlola. Nazi izinto ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa kwe-CBC:

• Ukuhlola kanye Nokuhlola Okujwayelekile Kwezempilo: I-CBC ivamise ukusetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuhlola elivamile phakathi nokuhlolwa okuvamile ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yonke futhi kutholwe izinkinga zempilo ezingaba khona.
• Ukuhlola I-anemia: I-CBC isiza ekuxilongeni izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-anemia ngokukala amazinga amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, i-hemoglobin, ne-hematocrit. I-anemia yisimo esibonakala ngenani elincishisiwe lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi noma amazinga aphansi e-hemoglobin, okuholela ezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala nokuba buthakathaka.
• Ukuthola Amagciwane: Isibalo samangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (WBC) kanye nomehluko yizingxenye ezibalulekile ze-CBC ezingabonisa ukuba khona kokutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala. Isibalo se-WBC esiphezulu singaphakamisa ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo.
• Ukuqapha Izimo Ezivuvukalayo: I-CBC ibalulekile ekuqapheni izimo ezihlobene nokuvuvukala, njengokuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune noma izifo ezingamahlalakhona. Ukwanda kwenani le-WBC namanye amapharamitha kungase kubonise ukuvuvukala.
• Ukuhlola Izinkinga Zokopha: Isibalo se-Platelet namanye amapharamitha ku-CBC angasiza ukuhlola ubungozi bokuphazamiseka ukopha. Izibalo eziphansi zeplatelet zingase ziphakamise ukuthambekela ukopha kakhulu.
• Ukuhlonza Ukuphazamiseka Kwegazi: Ukungajwayelekile kwe-red blood cell morphology noma ukuhluka kosayizi weseli nokuma kungabonisa ukuphazamiseka okuthile kwegazi, njenge-thalassemia noma isifo se-sickle cell.
• Ukuhlola Impilo Yomnkantsha Wamathambo: I-CBC inikeza ulwazi mayelana nempilo kanye nokusebenza komnkantsha, lapho kukhiqizwa khona amangqamuzana egazi. Ukushintsha kwezibalo zamaseli kungase kubonise ukuphazamiseka komnkantsha.
• Ukuqapha Ukwelashwa Komdlavuza: Abantu abathola ukwelashwa komdlavuza, njenge-chemotherapy, bangase babe nokuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-CBC ukuze kuqashwe umthelela wokwelashwa ekubalweni kwamangqamuzana egazi.

Yenziwa kanjani i-CBC?

Ukuze kubalwe igazi eligcwele, uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo ufaka isampula yegazi emithanjeni engalweni, ngokuvamile ekujikeni kwendololwane. Uchwepheshe wokuhlola uzo:

• Sebenzisa isikhunta se-antiseptic ukuhlanza isikhumba sesiguli.
• Igoqa ibhande lokunwebeka phezulu kwengalo ukusiza umthambo ugcwale igazi.
• Unamathisela inaliti emthanjeni bese ethatha isampula yegazi kumjovo owodwa noma ngaphezulu.
• Ibhande lokunwebeka liyakhishwa, bese kufakwa ibhandishi endaweni ethintekile ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yikuphi ukopha okuqhubekayo.
• Kunconywa ukulebula isampula. Isampula libe selithunyelwa ukuze lihlolwe elabhorethri.
• Ngemva kokuphothula ukuhlolwa, iziguli zingaphinde ziqale imisebenzi yazo evamile ngokushesha.

Ukuhlolwa igazi kungabangela ubuhlungu obuncane. Umuntu angase azizwe ehlaba noma ehlaba inaliti lapho inaliti ingena, futhi angase azizwe equleka noma enesiyezi lapho ebona igazi. Ngemva kokuhlolwa, umuntu angase abe nemihuzuko, kodwa kufanele iphele ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ikala ngani i-CBC?

I-CBC iwuhlelo lwezokwelapha olubandakanya ukukalwa, ukubala, ukuhlolwa nocwaningo lwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zegazi. Lezi zingxenye zihlanganisa ama-RBC, ama-WBC, nama-platelet. Amaseli egazi abomvu (RBCs) adlala indima ebalulekile ekuhambeni komoyampilo kuwo wonke umzimba, kuyilapho amaseli amhlophe egazi (WBCs) ziyingxenye yamasosha omzimba futhi zineqhaza ekulweni nezifo. Ama-platelet anesibopho sokukhiqiza izici zokuvala igazi.

Izilinganiso zokuzila ukudla zokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-CBC, zilinganisela, zihlaziye futhi zihlole izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zegazi:

• I-CBC ngaphandle komehluko ilinganisa inani eliphelele lamaseli amhlophe egazi.
• I-CBC enomehluko ibhekisela enanini lamaseli amhlophe egazi akhiqizwa isiguli. Amaseli egazi amhlophe (ama-WBC) ayizinhlobo ezinhlanu ezihlukene, kanye ne-CBC enezilinganiso ezihlukanisayo inombolo yohlobo ngalunye lweseli elimhlophe legazi.
• I-Hematocrit ibhekisela enanini lamangqamuzana abomvu egazi akhona egazini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hemoglobin kuhlola amazinga ephrotheni kumaseli abomvu egazi aziwa ngokuthi i-hemoglobin.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-CBC kuyithuluzi lokuxilonga elisetshenziswa cishe yibo bonke odokotela ukuhlonza izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha, iziyaluyalu, izifo kanye nezifo, ezifana:

• I-anemia yisimo lapho kungekho khona amangqamuzana egazi abomvu (RBCs) anele ukuthwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni.
• Izimpawu nezimpawu zokuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene, okubandakanya i-Agranulocytosis, iThalassemia, ne-Sesquipedal Anaemia.
• Ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kokuphazamiseka komnkantsha, okubandakanya lezo ezihlotshaniswa ne-myeloid-fibrosarcoma syndromes.
• Ukuntuleka kwamavithamini namaminerali. 
• Ukutheleleka noma esinye isimo esiholela enanini eliphansi ngokungavamile noma eliphakeme lamaseli amhlophe egazi.
• Izinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza 
• Imiphumela emibi ye-Chemotherapy kanye nemithi kadokotela

Izingozi Zokuhlolwa kwe-CBC

I-Complete Blood Count (CBC) ukuhlolwa okuvame ukwenziwa futhi okuphephile. Azikho izingozi ezihlobene, njengoba inani elincane legazi elithathwa umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu, abantu abambalwa bangase babe nesiyezi esincane noma ikhanda elikhanyayo ngemva kokwenza i-CBC.

Imiphumela ye-CBC

Umbiko wemininingwane yokuhlolwa kwegazi ye-CBC uzoqukatha amakholomu amabili: "ububanzi bereferensi" kanye nemiphumela. Imiphumela engaphakathi kwebanga lesithenjwa ibhekwa njengejwayelekile, kuyilapho leyo engaphezulu noma engaphansi kobubanzi bereferensi ibhekwa njengengavamile. Uhla lwereferensi lusungulwa ilabhorethri eyenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi.  

Ngokuvamile, ububanzi bereferensi bama-CBC asetshenziswa ngu ochwepheshe bezokwelapha zibalwe ngezansi. Kuye ngenani eliphelele lamangqamuzana egazi, okutholakele ekuhlolweni kungase kuhluke. Kubantu abadala, imiphumela ejwayelekile imi kanje, nakuba ukwehluka okuncane kokutholwe kuwo wonke amalabhorethri kungase kwenzeke:

Imiphi imiphumela engabonisa?

Noma yimiphi imiphumela engaphezulu noma engaphansi kwebanga elivamile esibalweni segazi eliphelele ingase ibonise inkinga ewumsuka.

• Ukubalwa kwamaseli abomvu egazi, i-hemoglobin ne-hematocrit - Imiphumela yalokhu kuhlola okuthathu ixhunyiwe ngoba ngayinye ikala isici esihlukile samangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Uma okutholwe kunoma yisiphi kulezi zigaba ezintathu kuphansi kunokujwayelekile, lokhu kuyinkomba ye-anemia. Izibalo zamangqamuzana abomvu egazi amakhulu kunokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi i-erythrocytosis. Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu aphezulu noma i-hemoglobin noma amazinga e-hematocrit angase abe uphawu lwesimo sezempilo, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza wegazi noma isifo senhliziyo.
• Ukubalwa kwamaseli egazi amhlophe - Ukuncipha kwenani lamaseli amhlophe egazi emzimbeni kuwuphawu oluyinhloko lwe-leukopenia. Kungabangelwa izimo zezokwelapha ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune okunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, izinkinga zomnkantsha wamathambo, noma umdlavuza. Ukwengeza, imithi eminingi ingase ibhebhethekise inkinga. Inani eliphakeme lamaseli amhlophe egazi ngokuvamile liwuphawu lokutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungase kube inkomba yokuntula amasosha omzimba noma ukuphazamiseka komnkantsha wamathambo. Ukwengeza, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi aphakeme angase abe impendulo emithini noma umsebenzi onzima womzimba.
• Ukubalwa kwamaplatelet - Isibalo esiphansi seplatelet sibizwa nge-thrombocytopenia. Inani eliphakeme lamaplatelet yi-thrombocythemia. Zombili zingase zibe izimpawu zesifo noma impendulo yomuthi engeyinhle. Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zokukhomba isizathu esiyisisekelo ziyadingeka ngempela uma kwenzeka kuba nenani eliphansi leplatelet.

Ongakulindela ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-CBC

Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwe-Complete Blood Count (CBC), ungalindela okulandelayo:

• Ayikho Imiphumela Ebi Esheshayo: Ezimweni eziningi, ayikho imiphumela emibi esheshayo noma ukungakhululeki ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-CBC. Inqubo ngokuvamile ibekezelelwa kahle.
• Qalisa kabusha Imisebenzi Ejwayelekile: Ungakwazi ukuqala kabusha imisebenzi yakho evamile ngokushesha ngemva kokudonsa igazi. Ngokuvamile ayikho imikhawulo emisebenzini yansuku zonke noma izinqubo.
• Ukungakhululeki Okuncane Okungenzeka: Abanye abantu bangase baphatheke kabi endaweni lapho igazi likhishwe khona. Lokhu kungafaka imihuzuko yesikhashana noma ubuhlungu. Ukufaka ingcindezi endaweni yokubhoboza kungasiza ukunciphisa imihuzuko.
• I-Stay Hydrated: Kuyatuseka ukuthi uhlale uhlanzekile ngemva kokuhlolwa, njengoba kungasiza ukuvimbela ukuba nesiyezi noma ukuba nekhanda elilula. Ukuphuza amanzi kungasiza futhi ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kunciphise ingozi yokulimaza.
• Gada Izimpawu Ezingajwayelekile: Nakuba kungavamile, abanye abantu bangase bazizwe bequleka noma benekhanda elilula ngemva kokudonsa igazi. Uma uba nezimpawu eziphikelelayo noma ezingajwayelekile, ezifana nesiyezi esinzima noma ukuquleka, kubalulekile ukwazisa umhlinzeki wezempilo noma abasebenzi basemtholampilo ngokushesha.
• Lindela Imiphumela: Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-CBC ngokuvamile itholakala phakathi nesikhathi esifushane. Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzoxoxa nawe ngemiphumela futhi ayihumushe kumongo wempilo yakho yonke kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha.

Kufanele ngenze nini ukuhlolwa kwe-CBC?

Ukuhlolwa kokubala kwe-CBC wukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okwenziwa kabanzi. Kungenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okujwayelekile, lapho ukuxilongwa noma ukuhlolwa kwesifo noma isimo kwenziwa, noma lapho udokotela ehlola ukusebenza kokwelashwa. Njengoba izibalo zegazi zingathintwa izifo eziningi ezahlukene, udokotela wakho angase aphakamise i-CBC ukuze ihlonze imbangela eyinhloko yezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu.

Isho ukuthini Imiphumela Engajwayelekile?

Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezimbangela ezingase zibe khona zokuthi amazinga egazi abe ngaphansi noma abe ngaphezu kobubanzi obujwayelekile, njenge:

• Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu (RBC) noma amazinga e-hemoglobin angaba inkomba ye-anemia noma isifo senhliziyo, kanye nokuntuleka kwensimbi.
• Ukuncipha kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kungase kube inkomba yesifo sokuzivikela komzimba, isifo somnkantsha wamathambo, noma umdlavuza.
• Ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kungase kubonise ukutheleleka noma ukungezwani nomuthi.

Uma noma yiliphi kulawa mazinga liphakanyisiwe, akusho ukuthi isiguli sinesimo sezempilo esidinga ukwelashwa. Izinto ezifana nokudla, izinga lomsebenzi, imithi, umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, ukuphuza amanzi, nokunye kungathonya imiphumela. Khuluma nodokotela ukuze uthole ukuthi kusho ukuthini umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-CBC.

Isiphetho

Ama-CBC adlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo ephezulu. Izibalo zegazi eziphelele (ama-CBC) zisetshenziswa abahlinzeki bezempilo ukuphatha izifo nokukhuthaza impilo. Ngesampula yegazi elilodwa, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-CBC kungathola ukuphazamiseka okuhlukahlukene okuhlukahlukene, izimo, kanye nezifo.

At CARE CHL Izibhedlela, isikhungo sethu sokuxilonga kanye nelebhu ye-pathology ifakwe ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu obutholakalayo, obusivumela ukuthi sinikeze isakhiwo samanani esisobala sokuhlolwa kwe-CBC. Sizinikezele ekuhlinzekeni ngemiphumela enembile nesezingeni eliphezulu evela kulabhorethri ehamba phambili e-India, enokucaca okugcwele mayelana nezindleko zokuhlola kanye nezikhathi zokushintsha.

Izikhombo:
https://www.testing.com/tests/complete-blood-count-cbc/
https://www.healthline.com/health/cbc#procedure
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/complete-blood-count
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/complete-blood-count