Ukuhlolwa kwesimiso somchamo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha kwanamuhla. Odokotela bathembele kuleli sheke ukuze babone futhi babheke izindaba zezempilo, kusukela ezinkingeni zezinso kuya ezifweni ezithinta indlela umzimba osebenza ngayo. Umzimba wakho ukhuluma okuningi ngomchamo wakho, oza ngemibala ehlukahlukene ephuzi - ukusuka kokubona udlula noma ukukhanya kuye kwenhlaka emnyama.

Lolu hlolo olulula lusebenza njengendlela yokuhlola ewusizo evumela odokotela ukuthi bahlole iziguli ngezinkinga ezahlukene zempilo. Khumbula ukuthi ukuhlaziywa komchamo kuphela akuhlinzeki ngokuxilongwa okuqondile. Inani layo langempela lisemandleni ayo okuhlonza amafulegi abomvu angaphambi kwesikhathi adinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Komchamo Okuphelele?

Ukuhlolwa komchamo okuphelele, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-urinalysis, kuhlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu ezinkulu ezinikeza ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwempilo yakho. Ukuhlolwa kubheka:

• Izakhiwo zomzimba - Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola ukubukeka komchamo wakho, umbala, ukucaca, iphunga namandla athile adonsela phansi.
• Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali - Ochwepheshe beLab basebenzisa imicu ephathwa ngokukhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi ama-dipsticks ukuhlola izinto ezifana namaprotheni, i-glucose, ketoneigazi, i-pH, i-nitrites, ne-leukocyte esterase.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Microscopic - Isigaba sokugcina sembula amaseli, amagciwane, amakristalu, nezinye izakhiwo ezingabonakali ngeso lenyama.

Ukuhlola kunikeza isithombe esigcwele sokwakheka komchamo wakho ukuze ubone okungavamile okungase kukhombe izimo ezihlukahlukene zempilo.

Kufanele Uthole Nini Ukuhlolwa Okuphelele Kwe-Urinalysis?

Odokotela basikisela ukuthola lokhu kuhlolwa ezimweni eziningana:

• Ekuhlolweni okuvamile noma ukuhlolwa kwezempilo 
• Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukugcina iso empilweni kamama 
• Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa 
• Uma unezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu lapho uchama, isisu esibuhlungu noma igazi emchameni wakho
• Uma ungeniswa esibhedlela ukuze uhlole impilo yakho yonke

Lokhu kuhlola kusebenza kokubili njengethuluzi lokuhlola futhi kusiza ukuhlonza izinkinga lapho izimpawu zivela.

Kungani Ngidinga Ukuhlolwa Okuphelele Komchamo?

Ukuhlolwa komchamo kukusiza ukuthi ufunde ngezimo eziningi zempilo. Udokotela wakho angase a-ode lokhu kuhlolwa kokuthi:

• Thola izifo zomgudu womchamo ngokubona amagciwane noma amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe
• Bheka sikashukela ngokulinganisa amazinga eglucose
• Bheka izinkinga zezinso ngokusebenzisa amaprotheni noma ukuba khona kwegazi
• Thola ukuphazamiseka kwesibindi ngokusebenzisa amazinga we-bilirubin
• Buka ukuqhubeka kokwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Bheka imidlavuza ethile
• Bheka ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic njenge-phenylketonuria

Ukuhlola kuphinde kubonise ukuthi ukwelashwa kwezimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela nesifo sezinso kusebenza kahle yini.

Inqubo Yokuhlolwa Okuphelele Komchamo

Inqubo ephelele ihlanganisa:

Kuzodingeka unikeze isampula lomchamo, okungcono kakhulu kusukela ekuchameni kwakho kwasekuseni ekuseni lapho ukugcwala komchamo kuphakama. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza isiqukathi esihlanzekile futhi akuchazele ukuthi ungaqoqa kanjani isampula "lokubamba okuhlanzekile" noma "phakathi nomfula" ngaphandle kokungcola.

Izinyathelo zokuqoqa okufanele:

• Geza izandla zakho kahle
• Hlanza isitho sakho sangasese (abesifazane kufanele basule ngaphambili ukuya emuva)
• Aqale achame ethoyilethi
• Misa phakathi nomfula bese ugcwalisa isitsha ngamamililitha angama-30-60
• Aqede ukuchama ethoyilethi

Abasebenzi baselebhu kufanele bahlaziye isampula yakho phakathi nemizuzu engama-30-60 ukuze bathole imiphumela enembile. 

Uzilungiselela Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Okuphelele Komchamo?

Ukuhlolwa kudinga ukulungiswa okuncane kodwa ukunakwa kweminye imininingwane:

• Hlala u-hydrated - Phuza uketshezi lwakho olujwayelekile kodwa ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kungase kushintshe imiphumela yakho.
• Yazisa udokotela wakho mayelana:
  • Imithi eqhubekayo nezithasiselo 
  • Uma usesikhathini sakho
  • Noma yiziphi izinkinga onazo lapho uchama ezindaweni ongazazi (i-shy bladder syndrome)
• Gwema ukudla okuthile okufana ne-beetroot ngoba kungashintsha umbala womchamo 
• Qhubeka uthatha imithi yakho ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ethi yeka.

Amanani Emiphumela Ephelele Yokuhlolwa Komchamo

Lobu bubanzi bubonisa imiphumela evamile:

• Umbala: Ophuzi okuphaphathekile kuya ku-amber
• Ukucaca: Licacile noma liguqubele kancane
• pH: 4.5-8.0
• Amandla adonsela phansi athize: 1.005-1.030 (isilinganiso sokugxila)
• Amaprotheni: Amanani angalungile noma okulandelela (ngaphansi kuka-150 mg/ngosuku)
• IGlucose: Ibi noma ngaphansi kuka-130 mg/dL
• I-Ketones: I-Negative
• I-Bilirubin: Ibi
• Igazi: Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anegethivu noma angaphansi kwama-3
• Amaseli egazi amhlophe: 0-5 ngenkambu yamandla aphezulu
• Amagciwane: Ayikho noma inegethivu
• Ama-Nitrites: Awekho
• I-leukocyte esterase: Ibi

Isho Ukuthini Imiphumela Engavamile

Ukushintsha komchamo wakho kungakhomba izinkinga ezihlukahlukene zempilo:

• Amaprotheni emchameni (i-proteinuria) ingase ibonise izinkinga zezinso, isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, noma izimo zesikhashana ezifana nomkhuhlane noma ukuvivinya umzimba kakhulu. I-dipstick yomchamo ithola ikakhulukazi i-albumin, hhayi wonke amaprotheni.
• IGlucose ivamise ukukhomba isifo sikashukela noma ukukhulelwa. 
• Ama-ketones avela lapho umzimba wakho usebenzisa amafutha esikhundleni sama-carbohydrate ukuze ube namandla, okwenzeka ngesifo sikashukela, ukuvivinya umzimba okukhulu, indlala, noma ukukhulelwa.
• Umchamo obomvu noma onsundu ungase usho igazi elivela ezindabeni zezinso, izifo, noma umdlavuza. 
• Umchamo uguqubele ngama-nitrites ngokuvamile abonisa ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya.
• Izibalo eziphezulu zamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe ngokuvamile zibonisa ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract kuyilapho i-bilirubin ingase iveze isifo sesibindi.
• Khumbula njalo ukuthi umphumela owodwa ongajwayelekile awusho ukuthi unesimo esithile. Udokotela wakho uzobheka lokhu okutholakele nezinye izivivinyo kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuze enze ukuxilongwa okufanele.

Isiphetho

Kuwe kanye nodokotela wakho kokubili ukuhlolwa komchamo kuyithuluzi lokuxilonga elinikeza isithombe esingcono sempilo yakho ngesampula encane. Ukwakheka komchamo wakho kubonisa ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho - kusukela ekusebenzeni kwezinso zakho kuya ezinqubweni zakho ze-metabolic.

Isampula elilodwa lisiza odokotela ukuthi bahlole inqwaba yezinkinga ezingaba khona ngaphandle kwezinqubo ezihlaselayo. Qaphela ukuthi imiphumela engajwayelekile ayikhombisi izinkinga ezinkulu. Ukwakheka komchamo wakho kungashintsha ngenxa yemithi, ukudla kanye nokuzivocavoca okukhulu. Udokotela wakho ubheka isithombe sakho sezempilo esiphelele ngaphambi kokuba enze noma yikuphi ukuxilongwa okusekelwe kulokhu okutholakele.

Ukufunda ngokuhlolwa komchamo kusiza ukwenza inqubo ingabi yimfihlakalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okokulungiselela ukuhlinzwa, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile noma ukuphenya izimpawu ezithile. Lolu lwazi lukunikeza ikhono lokubamba iqhaza elibonakalayo okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi wazise ukuthi ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kungasifundisa kanjani okuningi ngenhlalakahle yethu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingakanani ibanga elijwayelekile lokuhlolwa komchamo okuphelele?

Umchamo ojwayelekile ubukeka uphuzi (uphaphathekile kuye ku-amber) futhi ucacile ngaphandle kwephunga elinamandla. 

• Umchamo pH - phakathi kuka-4.5 no-8.0
• Amandla adonsela phansi athile- 1.005-1.030
• Igazi: Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anegethivu noma angaphansi kwama-3
• Amaseli egazi amhlophe: 0-5 ngenkambu yamandla aphezulu

Umphumela onempilo ubonisa inani elibi noma elincane le-glucose, amaprotheni, ama-ketones, i-bilirubin, negazi. 

2. Yiziphi izinzuzo zokuhlolwa komchamo okuphelele?

Ukuhlaziywa komchamo okuphelele kuyasiza:

• Isifo sikashukela ngokuhlola amazinga eglucose
• Ithola izifo zomgudu womchamo ngamaseli amhlophe egazi nama-nitrites
• Ikhombisa izifo zezinso uma kuvela amaprotheni noma igazi
• Ihlola izinkinga zesibindi kusetshenziswa amazinga e-bilirubin
• Ilandelela izimo zokukhulelwa njenge-preeclampsia
• Isiza ukuhlola ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic

3. Ngingakwazi ukuphuza amanzi ngaphambi kokuhlolwa komchamo?

Kunjalo! Kufanele uphuze amanzi ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi unganikeza isampula eyanele. Amanzi amaningi angenza imiphumela inganembile kangako. Ingilazi eyodwa yamanzi uma womile isebenza kahle.

4. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuhlolwa komchamo okuphelele?

Uzodinga kuphela imizuzu embalwa ukuze unikeze isampula. Imiphumela eminingi ibuya phakathi kwamahora angu-24-48, nakuba amanye amalebhu angakunikeza imiphumela yosuku olufanayo. Amalebhu adinga ukuhlola amasampula phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30-60 ngemva kokuqoqwa ukuze athole imiphumela enembile.

5. Ingabe ukuhlolwa komchamo kuthola izinkinga zezinso?

Yebo! Lokhu kuhlola kuhle kakhulu ekutholeni izinkinga zezinso ngokubheka amaprotheni (albumin) emchamweni wakho. Ukwenyuka okuncane kwe-albumin (30 mg/g noma ngaphezulu) kungase kubhekisele ekuqaleni isifo sezinso. Ukuhlola kuphinde kubheke amangqamuzana egazi futhi kukalwe isilinganiso se-albumin-to-creatinine, esitshela odokotela okuningi mayelana nempilo yezinso zakho.