I-Creatinine iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali, esebenza njengemfucuza evela ezinkambisweni zokukhiqiza amandla emisipha. Izinso zihlunga i-creatinine egazini futhi ziyikhiphe ngendlela udoti ngomchamo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kwe-creatinine kusiza ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwezinso ekuhlungeni udoti ophuma egazini. 

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kweCreatinine? Isivivinyo sikala ini?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-creatinine kusho ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma umchamo okulinganisa inani le-creatinine egazini. Isebenza njengesivivinyo sokuhlola ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezinso.

Inhloso yokuhlolwa

Ukuhlolwa kwe-creatinine kwenziwa ngokuqoqa isampula yegazi noma isampula yomchamo. Kokubili ukuhlolwa komchamo negazi kwe-creatinine kunomthelela ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwezinso esigulini. Lokhu kuhlola kungaba a inqubo yokuhlola ejwayelekile noma ingasebenza ukuqapha ukuqhubeka kwesifo sezinso noma inqume ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukukhula kwaso. Ukuhlolwa komchamo we-creatinine kungase futhi kwenziwe njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwe-creatinine clearance.

Kufanele ngikuthole nini lokhu kuhlolwa?

Umhlinzeki wezempilo noma udokotela angase atuse ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-creatinine noma ukuhlolwa komchamo uma besola ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso kubangela izimpawu ezithile esigulini. Bangase futhi baluleke lolu hlolo ngezinye izinjongo:

• Ukuxilonga ukuqhubeka kwe isifo sezinso noma uhlole ukwelashwa kwayo.
• Ukuhlola isifo sezinso, ikakhulukazi uma isiguli sinesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, okungase kunyuse amathuba okuba nesifo sezinso.
• Ukuqapha umthelela wemithi yokwelapha ekusebenzeni kwezinso.
• Ukulandelela ukusebenza kwezinso ezitshalwe kabusha.

Indlela yokulungiselela ukuhlolwa?

Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-creatinine okujwayelekile kunconywa udokotela, lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-creatinine kudinga ukuzila ukudla (ungadli ubusuku bonke). Ukuze kuhlolwe umchamo we-creatinine, isiguli singase selulekwe ukuthi siqoqe umchamo siwugcine amahora angu-24 sisebenzisa iziqukathi ezinikezwe umtholampilo ukuze zihlolwe.

Udokotela angase futhi anikeze imihlahlandlela eyengeziwe yenkathi ethile yokulungiselela ukuhlolwa kwe-creatinine. Ngokwesibonelo, bangase batuse ukuyeka ukusebenzisa izithasiselo ezingase ziphazamise ukulinganiswa okunembile kokukhiqizwa kwe-creatinine nokuhlunga ezinso.

Kwenziwa kanjani?

Endabeni yokuhlolwa kwe-serum creatinine (ukuhlolwa kwe-creatinine yegazi), i-phlebotomist ingase idonse igazi esigulini ngokufaka inaliti emthanjeni osengalweni. Ukuze kuhlolwe i-creatinine yomchamo, isiguli ngokwaso kungase kudingeke ukuba sinikeze isampula yomchamo emtholampilo noma siwulande ekhaya bese siwubuyisela ngemva kwamahora angu-24.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Creatinine Test

Ukuhlolwa kwe-creatinine kuyindlela evamile yokuhlola ukuthi izinso zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani. Isetshenziselwa:

• Impilo Yezinso: Ukuze ubone ukuthi izinso zakho zisebenza kahle yini ngokukala amazinga e-creatinine, udoti ophuma emisipha, egazini lakho.
• Ukuthola Izifo Zezinso: Ukuthola izinkinga ezifana nesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona noma ukulimala kwezinso okukhulu ngokuhlonza amazinga e-creatinine aphakeme.
• Ukulungisa Imithamo Yemithi: Ukuthola imithamo efanele yemithi ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo esulwe yizinso, ukugwema imiphumela emibi.
• Ngaphambi Kokuhlinzwa noma Izinqubo: Ukuhlola ukuthi izinso zakho zingakwazi yini ukuphatha imithi noma ama-ejenti wokuqhathanisa asetshenziswa ezinkambisweni zezokwelapha.
• Ukuhlola Ukuphelelwa Amanzi Nezinkinga Zemisipha: Ukubona ukuthi ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha kuthinta amazinga akho e-creatinine.
• Ukulinganisa Izinga Lokuhlunga Kwezinso: Ukulinganisa ukuthi lungakanani uketshezi lwesihlungi sezinso zakho, olwaziwa ngokuthi i-glomerular filtration rate (GFR), okuyinkomba eyinhloko yokusebenza kwezinso.

Yini ongayilindela ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-creatinine? 

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-creatinine, ungalindela okulandelayo:

• Ukulungiselela: Ngokuvamile, akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo. Kodwa-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukwazisa umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo nganoma yimiphi imithi, izithasiselo, noma amakhambi owasebenzisayo, njengoba angase athinte imiphumela yokuhlolwa.
• I-Blood Draw: Ukuhlolwa kuhilela ukudonsa igazi okulula. Uchwepheshe wezempilo uzohlanza indawo, ngokuvamile ingaphakathi lendololwane yakho, ngesibulala-magciwane. Bazobe sebesebenzisa inaliti ukudonsa igazi elincane epayipini.
• Ukungakhululeki Kwesikhashana: Ungase uzwe ingcosana noma uhlaba lapho inaliti ishuthekwa, kodwa ukungakhululeki ngokuvamile kuncane. Uma unovalo ngezinaliti, yazisa umhlinzeki wezempilo kusengaphambili.
• Ukunakekelwa Kwangemva Kokudweba: Ngemva kokukhishwa kwegazi, kuzofakwa ibhola likakotini noma ibhandishi endaweni yokubhoboza. Ungase ucelwe ukuthi ufake ingcindezi ukuze unciphise ukopha futhi unciphise ingozi yokulimaza.
• Ukuqalisa kabusha Imisebenzi Ejwayelekile: Ezimweni eziningi, ungaphinda uqalise imisebenzi yakho evamile ngokushesha ngemva kokudonsa igazi. Kuyancomeka ukugwema ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo noma ukujima okukhandlayo kwengalo ebisetshenziselwa ukukhipha igazi isikhathi esifushane.
• Imiyalelo Yokulandelela: Umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase anikeze imiyalelo ethile uma kukhona ukunakekelwa ngemva kokuhlolwa noma uma kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
• Imiphumela: Isampula yegazi lithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze lihlaziywe. Imiphumela ivamise ukutholakala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, futhi umhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzoxoxa nawe ngalokho okutholile.

Liyini ibanga elijwayelekile lokuhlola i-Creatinine?

Izinga le-creatinine elikhona emzimbeni ngokuvamile liyahlukahluka phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Ukwengeza, izici ezifana nesisindo somzimba womuntu nesisindo somzimba zingathonya leli zinga. Ngokuvamile, izinga le-creatinine ekuhlolweni kwe-creatinine lingase liwele phakathi kwebanga lika-0.7 kuya ku-1.3 mg/dL kwabesilisa kanye no-0.6 kuya ku-1.1 mg/dL kwabesifazane.

Amabanga ajwayelekile angahluka phakathi kwama-laboratories ahlukene. Amapharamitha obubanzi obujwayelekile ahlinzekwa ngokujwayelekile embikweni wokuhlolwa, lapho kuqhathaniswa khona imiphumela yesiguli. Udokotela ukuhlomele kangcono ukutolika imiphumela.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi le-creatinine?

Imiphumela evela ekuhlolweni kwegazi kwe-creatinine ingase ibonise amazinga egazi aphezulu noma aphansi e-creatinine, ngalinye linesethi yalo yezimbangela eziyisisekelo.

Amazinga aphezulu e-creatinine ekuhlolweni kwe-creatinine angabonisa:

• Ukuvinjwa kwendlela yomchamo
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni
• Izifo zezinso ezifana nomonakalo, ukutheleleka, ukunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi, noma ukwehluleka kwezinso
• Izinkinga ezihlobene nokukhulelwa, njengokuquleka noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme ngenxa ye-pre-eclampsia

Izinga le-creatinine eliphansi ekuhlolweni kwe-creatinine lingabonisa izimo ezifana nalezi:

• Ukungondleki
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo somzimba okubangelwa izimo ezihlobene nenzwa noma imisipha.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa komchamo noma i-creatinine yegazi iyalinganiswa futhi ihunyushwe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, okunquma ukuthi izinga le-creatinine liphezulu noma liphansi esigulini. Izindlela zokulinganisa amazinga e-creatinine zihlanganisa okulandelayo:

• Izinga le-serum creatinine: I-Creatinine ihlungwa yizinso ngemva kokuhanjiswa ngegazi njenge-byproduct yezinqubo zamangqamuzana emisipha. Inani le-creatinine elikhona egazini ngemva kokuhlunga kufanele lihlale lizinzile. Izinga le-serum creatinine eliphakeme ngaphezu kwejwayelekile lingabonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso.
• Isilinganiso sokuhlunga kwe-Glomerular (GFR): I-GFR ibhekisela esilinganisweni igazi elihlungwa ngalo ezinso ngokusebenzisa izakhi ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-glomeruli. Izinga le-GFR eliphansi kunalokho elinconyiwe lingabonisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo sezinso futhi lidinga ukuqapha.
• Ukucaciswa kwe-Creatinine: Ukuhlolwa kwe-creatinine clearance kulinganisa amandla ezinso okuhlunga i-creatinine ukuze ikhishwe ngomchamo. Isampula yomchamo isetshenziselwa ukunquma imvume ye-creatinine. Uma izinga le-creatinine kusampula lingaphansi kwamazinga anconyiwe, lingabonisa ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso okuthinta ukugeleza kwegazi ezinso.
• Isilinganiso se-albumin/creatinine: Isilinganiso se-albumin/creatinine sikala inani le-albumin elikhona kusampula yomchamo ngokuqhathaniswa nezinga le-creatinine kusampula efanayo. I-albumin iphrotheni etholakala egazini izinso ezinempilo ngokuvamile ezingayihlungi. Uma izinso zingasebenzi kahle, izinga le-albumin/creatinine lingase libe phezulu kunokuvamile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kufanele lihlolwe nini izinga le-creatinine?

Izimpendulo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-creatinine kuvame ukutuswa udokotela ngokuvamile kanye nokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi (BUN) noma njengengxenye yephaneli ye-metabolic (CMP).

2. Yiliphi izinga le-creatinine elibonisa ukulimala kwezinso?

Izimpendulo. Ibanga elijwayelekile le-creatinine lingahluka ngokuya ngeminyaka. Ngokuvamile, amazinga e-creatinine angaphezu kuka-2.0 ezinsaneni kanye nangu-5.0 kubantu abadala angase abhekwe njengenkomba yokulimala kwezinso.

3. Iyini imbangela ye-creatinine ephezulu?

Izimpendulo. Amazinga e-Creatinine angaba phezulu okwesikhashana okungaba ngenxa yokuphuza imithi ethile, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, noma ukudla okunothe ngamaprotheni. Izinga eliphezulu eliqhubekayo le-creatinine lingaba uphawu lokulimala kwezinso.

Izikhombo:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/creatinine-test/about/pac-20384646
https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/tests/creatinine-blood-test