I-electrocardiogram (ECG) iyisivivinyo esikala umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo futhi singasiza ekuboneni okuthile izinkinga zenhliziyo. Izingalo, imilenze, nesifuba kumbozwe amachashaza amancane anamathelayo (ama-electrodes) kanye nemikhondo yocingo. Imikhondo ixhunywe emishinini ye-ECG, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-electrocardiograph, erekhoda ukusebenza kukagesi kwemisipha yenhliziyo futhi ikubonise njengomkhondo esikrinini noma ephepheni.

Izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kwe-ECG

• Ama-Electrodes: Ama-patches amancane anamathelayo anejeli eqhubayo abekwa ezindaweni ezithile zesifuba, izingalo nemilenze. Lawa ma-electrode abe esexhunywa emshinini we-ECG.
• Ukuqopha: Umshini we-ECG urekhoda amandla kagesi akhiqizwa inhliziyo njengoba ifinyela futhi ikhululeka. Amasignali kagesi abe eseguqulelwa abe umfanekiso owumfanekiso obizwa ngokuthi i-electrocardiogram.
• Ukuhunyushwa: Udokotela ubuyekeza i Imiphumela ye-ECG ukuhlola noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle kusigqi senhliziyo, izinga, nezindlela zikagesi.
• Izinguquko emsebenzini kagesi wenhliziyo zingase zibe umphumela wokungajwayelekile ekushayeni kwenhliziyo noma isigqi noma ekulimaleni kwemisipha yenhliziyo. Lapho ehlaziya umkhondo, udokotela uzobheka izimpawu ezihlukile zezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zenhliziyo.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-ECG?

I-ECG iyindlela engavamile, engenabuhlungu yokusiza ekuxilongeni izimo eziningana ezivamile zenhliziyo. Inqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-ECG ingasetshenziswa ukukhomba:

• Izinkinga ezithinta uhlelo lukagesi lwenhliziyo.
• I-Arrhythmia, noma isigqi senhliziyo esingavamile.
• Ukuthi ukungaphatheki kahle kwesifuba noma ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kubangelwa imithambo evalekile enhliziyweni (i-coronary artery disease).
• Ukuthi umuntu wake wahlaselwa yinhliziyo yini.
• Zisebenza ngempumelelo kanjani ezinye izindlela zokwelapha isifo senhliziyo, njenge-pacemaker.

Kufanele ngikuthole nini lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-ECG?

Uma umuntu ebonisa noma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, angazuza ngokuthola i-ECG:

• Ubuhlungu Besifuba - Uma bukhona ubuhlungu besifuba, ikakhulukazi uma iphuma engalweni, entanyeni, noma emhlathini, i-ECG ingasiza ekuxilongeni izinkinga ezihlobene nenhliziyo.
• Ukuphefumula Okufushane - Ukuphefumula okungachazeki kungase kudingeke i-ECG ukuze ihlole ukusebenza kwenhliziyo.
• Isiyezi noma Ukuquleka - Ama-ECG asiza ukunquma ukuthi i-arrhythmia yenhliziyo iyimbangela yesiyezi noma iziqephu zokuquleka.
• Ukushaya Kwenhliziyo Okungavamile - Uma umuntu eshaya inhliziyo noma esola ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile, i-ECG ingakwazi ukubona uhlobo lwe-arrhythmia.
• Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi - Udokotela angase atuse ama-ECG ngezikhathi ezithile uma umuntu enezici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo, njengomlando womndeni, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, noma isifo sikashukela.
• Ngaphambi Kokuhlinzwa - Ama-ECG avame ukwenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlola Okuvamile - Ngezinye izikhathi, ama-ECG ayingxenye yokuhlolwa okujwayelekile.

Ngisho noma zingekho izimpawu, udokotela angase atuse i-electrocardiogram njengendlela yokuhlola uma isiguli sinomlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo. Uma i-ECG yenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ingase ingaziboni izimpawu ezifika zidlule uma zingenzeki ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Uchwepheshe wezokwelapha angase aphakamise ukuqapha kwe-ECG okukude noma okuqhubekayo. 

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-ECG?

Njengenqubo yokulaliswa esibhedlela noma njengengxenye yokuhlala esibhedlela, kungase kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwe-ECG. Izinyathelo zingase zihluke kuye ngempilo yesiguli kanye nezinqubo zikadokotela.

Inqubo ye-ECG ejwayelekile imi kanje:

Isiguli sizocelwa ukuthi sikhiphe izingubo okhalweni futhi, uma kunesidingo, sigqoke ingubo.

• Ukuze kuhlolwe, isiguli sizolala sibheke etafuleni noma embhedeni. Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale uzolile futhi uthule kuyo yonke i-ECG ukuvimbela noma yiziphi izinguquko ekulandeleni umkhondo.
• Ama-electrode azoxhunywa esifubeni, ezingalweni, nasemilenzeni. Izintambo zokuhola nama-electrode azoxhunywa.
• Ngemva kokuxhunywa kwemikhondo, uchwepheshe uzofaka imininingwane yokuhlonza isiguli kukhompyutha yomshini.
• I-ECG manje isizoqala, futhi ukulandelela kungaqedwa ngesikhathi esifushane.
• Uma ukulandelela sekuqediwe, uchwepheshe uzokhipha umkhondo nama-electrode esikhumba.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ECG test

Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kwe-ECG kunokusetshenziswa okuningana okubalulekile, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukunquma izimbangela zezifo zenhliziyo ezifana ne-arrhythmias, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, nezinkinga zesigqi.
• Ukuhlola imiphumela yemithi noma imishini yezokwelapha enhliziyweni.
• Ukuqapha ukuqhubeka kwesifo senhliziyo noma ukululama kwenqubo ehlobene nenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinkinga zenhliziyo kubantu abanezici eziyingozi noma umlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo.
• Ukuhlola impilo yonke yenhliziyo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile.

Izinzuzo ze-ECG Test

Nazi ezinye izinzuzo ezihlobene nokuhlolwa kwe-EKG:

• Ithuluzi Lokuxilonga: Ama-EKG angamathuluzi abalulekile okuxilonga asiza ukukhomba okungahambi kahle esigqini senhliziyo futhi abone izimo zenhliziyo ezahlukahlukene njenge-arrhythmias, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, nezinye izifo zenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlolwa Okujwayelekile: Ama-EKG avame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwezempilo okujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini yesifo senhliziyo. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kokungajwayelekile kwenhliziyo kungaholela ekungeneleleni okufika ngesikhathi kanye nemiphumela ethuthukisiwe.
• Ukwelashwa Kokuqapha: Ama-EKG asetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukusebenza kokwelashwa kwenhliziyo nemithi. Bahlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile kubahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo mayelana nempendulo yesiguli ekungeneleleni.
• Iyashesha futhi Ayihlaseli: Ama-EKG awahlaseli futhi angenziwa ngokushesha. Inqubo ihlanganisa ukunamathisela ama-electrode esikhumbeni, futhi isiguli ngokuvamile sizwa ubuhlungu obuncane.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-ECG?

Izindlela ezihlukahlukene zingasetshenziswa ukwenza i-ECG. Ama-electrode, okuyizinzwa ezincane, ezinamathelayo, ngokuvamile anamathela ezingalweni zakho, imilenze, nesifuba njengengxenye yokuhlolwa. Axhunywe ndawonye kudivayisi yokurekhoda ye-ECG. Asikho isidingo sokuthatha ezinye izinyathelo zokulungiselela ukuhlolwa. Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, isiguli singadla futhi siphuze njengokujwayelekile. Ngokuvamile, izingqimba ezingaphezulu zezingubo kufanele zikhishwe ngaphambi kokuba kubekwe ama-electrode, futhi kungase kudingeke isifuba sesiguli sigezwe noma siphuce. Ukuhlolwa kwangempela kuvame ukuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela, futhi umuntu kufanele akwazi ukuphuma ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.

Yiziphi izingozi ezihilelekile?

Nazi ezinye izingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokuhlolwa kwe-EKG:

• Okuhle Okungamanga/Okubi: Ama-EKG angase aveze izinto ezingezona iqiniso noma ezingezinhle, okuholela ekuchazeni kabi imiphumela. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene, njengokunyakaza kwesiguli noma izinkinga zobuchwepheshe.
• Ulwazi Olulinganiselwe: Nakuba ama-EKG ehlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokusebenza kukagesi wenhliziyo, angase anganikezi isithombe esiphelele sokusebenza kwenhliziyo. Ukuhlola okwengeziwe kungase kudingeke ukuze kuhlolwe kabanzi.
• Ukuncika Ekubekeni Isikhathi: Ama-EKG athwebula ukusebenza kukagesi wenhliziyo endaweni ethile ngesikhathi. Angase angaboni ukuphazamiseka kwesikhashana noma kwesikhashana okungaqondani nesikhathi sokuhlola.
• Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile: Kwezinye izimo, kungase kube nobungozi bokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-EKG, okuholela ekuhlolweni okungadingekile, izindleko zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kanye nokukhathazeka okungaba khona ezigulini.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-ECG

Ohlelweni olujwayelekile lwe-ECG, inhliziyo kufanele ishaye ngesivinini esivamile esingu-60 kuya ku-100 bpm. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-ECG ivamile, udokotela cishe uzoxoxa ngayo nesiguli phakathi nokuvakasha kokuqala noma ngesikhathi sokuqokwa okulandelayo. Ukuze kuxoxwe ngamathuba okuthuthukisa isimo senhliziyo, udokotela uzothintana nesiguli ngokushesha uma okutholakele kungavamile noma kubonisa noma yiziphi izinkomba zenkinga yezempilo.

Ububanzi obujwayelekile bokuhlolwa kwe-ECG behlukahluka kwabesilisa nabesifazane:

Isiphetho

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ECG kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuxilonga. Kuyasiza ekuboneni futhi ukwelapha izifo zenhliziyo. Kuthatha amaminithi ambalwa ukuqeda futhi akuhlaseli futhi akunabuhlungu. Ngokuya ngezidingo ezihlukile zeziguli, izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlolwa kwe-ECG ziyatholakala.

At CARE Izibhedlela, ungathembela kithi ukuthi sihlangabezane nazo zonke izidingo zakho zokuhlolwa kwe-ECG. Izikhungo zethu zokuxilonga ezisezingeni eliphezulu zifakwe ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu obungaveza imiphumela yokuhlolwa ethembekile nenembile. Bhuka iphasela elinenani elizwakalayo lokuhlolwa kwe-ECG nathi namuhla ukuze uthole okutholakele okunembile nokuphelele ngokushesha. 

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Q1. Ingabe i-ECG ingabonisa ukuvinjelwa kwenhliziyo?

Izimpendulo. I-ECG ikwazi ukubona izimpawu zemithambo evalekile. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuxilongwe okunembe kakhudlwana, i-CT coronary angiography ingathola ukunqwabelana koqweqwe lwawo futhi ikhombe ukuvaleka komthambo, okungaholela ekuhlaselweni yinhliziyo.

Q2. Kwenzekani uma i-ECG ine-positive?

Izimpendulo. I-ECG eqondile ingabona abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.