Igama elithi test FNAC limele 'Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.' Isivivinyo esisheshayo, esingabizi kakhulu, nesilula esiklanyelwe ukuhlola isimo esithile noma indawo ethile yomzimba. Le nqubo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i- i-aspiration biopsy, iqhutshwa ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene ukuze kusizwe udokotela ekuxilongeni okunembile. Ayibangeli ubuhlungu esigulini, futhi cishe azikho izinkinga noma imiphumela emibi.

Kuyini Ukuhlolwa kwe-FNAC?

Indlela ye-FNAC ijwayele ukwenziwa emnyangweni weziguli ezilaliswayo ukuze kuthathwe amasampula oquqaba, njengalawo abonwa entanyeni, ebeleni, nasezifo ezifana ne-lymphoma, sofuba, njll. Isebenza njengesinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlonza imbangela eyinhloko yokuvuvukala okungavamile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-aspiration cytology kuyatuswa lapho kutholakala isigaxa ebeleni noma entanyeni. Lokhu kuhlola kusetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi isigaxa sinomdlavuza yini. Ukwengeza, isetshenziselwa ukuxilonga isifo se-thyroid, isifo se-salivary gland, nesifo se-lymph node.

Inhloso yokuhlolwa kwe-FNAC

Ezimweni eziningi, inqubo yokufisa inaliti enhle yenziwa ekuvuvukeni noma eqhumeni elingaphansi nje kwesikhumba. Inhloso eyinhloko yezifiso ezinhle zenaliti ukuthola umdlavuza, kodwa ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuhlola ukuvuvukala kwezimo ezifana ne-lymphomas, i-lymphomatous lymphoma, isifo sofuba, i-toxoplasmosis, i-lymphadenitis ye-granulomatous, nezinye izifo. Izifiso zenaliti ezinhle zivame ukwenziwa kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo: 

• ibele, 
• i-thyroid gland, kanye 
• ama-lymph nodes entanyeni noma ekhwapheni.

Ukwengeza, i-finene aspiration cytology ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola iziguli ngokungahambi kahle kwe-cytological. Futhi iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlola ama-cysts, ama-lymph nodes, nezinye izigaxa eziqinile ezitholakala emzimbeni.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-FNAC?

Iningi lezinqubo zokulangazelela inaliti zenziwa ezindaweni ezilaliswayo. Iwuhlobo lwe-biopsy olufaka inaliti encane endaweni yethishu noma uketshezi lomzimba olubonakala lungavamile. Njengezinye izinhlobo ze-biopsies, isampula elithathwe ngesikhathi sokufisa inaliti enhle ingase isetshenziselwe ukuxilonga noma ukukhipha izimo ezifana nomdlavuza. Ukuthi i-anesthesia yendawo kufanele inikezwe yini kuncike ekutheni ubukhulu bezicubu bungakanani, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bukha phezulu noma bubanzi. Ayikho imiphumela emibi engaba khona. Nokho, kungase kube khona imihuzuko ethambile noma ukuzwela kwesikhashana endaweni ethintekile kwezinye izimo. 

Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa kwe-FNAC

Le ndlela isetshenziswa ezinqubweni ezihlukene zokuhlola, okuhlanganisa ukusampula kwe-chorionic villus, ukusampula koketshezi lomzimba, ukusampula kwethumba lebele, ukusampula kwesimila samabele, kanye nokuthathwa kwe-seroma, konke lokhu okwenziwa ngokulangazelela okuqondiswa yi-ultrasound. I-Fine needle aspiration cytology iwusizo ikakhulukazi ekuhlonzeni umdlavuza webele kanye nokuvuvukala kokuhlolwa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nalezo ezihlotshaniswa ne-lymphoma, i-granulomatous lymphadenitis (GLL), isifo sofuba (TB), kanye ne-transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), phakathi kokunye. Ukwengeza, kuyasiza ekutadisheni izinguquko ze-cytological okungenzeka isiguli sibhekana nazo.

Inqubo yokuhlola ye-FNAC

Inqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-FNAC ihlanganisa:

• Isixazululo se-antiseptic sizosetshenziselwa ukuhlanza isikhumba ngaphezu kwendawo yenqubo. Indawo izobe igqitshwa ngethawula eliyinyumba noma idrape.
• I-ejenti ebangela ukuba ndikindiki ingase inikezwe endaweni ethintekile ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
• I-Ultrasound ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi senqubo ukusiza ekuboneni indawo efanelekile yokuphonsela inaliti.
• Inalithi encane exhunywe kusipetu ifakwa endaweni engavamile ngesikhumba.
• Ivacuum yenziwa ngaphakathi kwesirinji, okubangela ukumuncwa (ukulangazelela) koketshezi lomzimba noma izicubu kusisirinji nenaliti.
• Inqubo yokufisa inaliti enhle ngokuvamile iqedwa ngaphansi kwemizuzu eyishumi.
• Isampula ye-biopsy ingabe isithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlaziywe okwengeziwe.
•  Ngokuvamile, iphakethe leqhwa linikezwa ngokulandela inqubo yokuhlola ukunikeza ukukhululeka kobuhlungu ngokushesha.

Kubuhlungu kangakanani ukuhlolwa kwe-FNAC?

Izinga lobuhlungu obuhlobene nokuhlolwa kwe-FNAC lingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Nokho, ukungakhululeki okuthile kungase kuzwakale phakathi nenqubo yokufaka inaliti. Udokotela angase asebenzise indawo i-anesthesia ukuvala indawo ngaphambi kokufaka inaliti, okusiza ukunciphisa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi senqubo. Ngemuva kwenqubo, kungase kube nobuhlungu obuncane noma ukungaphatheki kahle endaweni yokufaka inaliti, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukudamba ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile, abantu abaningi bathola inqubo ingenabuhlungu futhi iyalawuleka.

Indlela yokulungiselela ukuhlolwa?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-FNAC akudingi ukulungiswa okuthile. Kodwa-ke, udokotela angase anikeze isiqondiso esengeziwe ngokusekelwe kusayithi lesampula kanye nohlobo. Nakhu okucatshangelwayo okujwayelekile ukusiza ukulungiselela ukuhlolwa:

• Yazisa udokotela nganoma yimiphi imithi noma izithasiselo ezisetshenziswa isiguli ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke ukuyeka isikhashana ukusebenzisa imithi ethile, njengezinciphisi igazi.
• Gqoka izingubo ezikhululekile. Ngokuya ngesizinda samasampula, ukukhumula ingxenye noma okuphelele kungadingeka.
• Yazisa udokotela uma isiguli sinomlando wokuphazamiseka ukopha noma sithatha imithi engase ithinte ukujiyisa kwegazi.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba nokuphepha kokuhlolwa, kubalulekile ukulandela noma yimiphi imiyalelo enikezwa udokotela.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-FNAC?

Ulwazi olulandelayo lunikeziwe ukusiza ekuchazeni imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-cytology yenaliti enhle:

• Isigaxa noma i-nodule ingahlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ayinawo yini umdlavuza noma iyingozi (inomdlavuza).
• Imiphumela ngokuvamile yethulwa njengokuxilongwa okuqinisekile noma ukuxilongwa okungaphelele okudinga uphenyo olwengeziwe.
• Ukunemba kokuhlolwa kuncike ezicini ezinjengobukhulu nendawo yeqhuqhuva, indawo lapho isampula lithathwa khona, ubuchwepheshe bukadokotela owenza uhlolo, kanye nekhono lodokotela bezifo abahumusha imiphumela.

Umbiko we-FNAC uzohluka kuye ngosayizi wesisindo noma isigaxa esihlaziywayo kanye nesifo esingase sibe khona. Okulandelayo kudingida imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-FNAC kanye nezincazelo zako:

I-FNAC Test Positive Izindlela

I-FNAC Test Negative

Kubalulekile ukuxoxisana nodokotela ngemiphumela yocwaningo olujwayelekile lwe-FNAC, njengoba benganikeza incazelo ebanzi esekelwe ezimweni ngazinye.

Isiphetho

Kunconywa ukuba ufune usizo lwezokwelapha lapho uqaphela ukuvuvukala okuphikelelayo nokungachazeki. Uma uhlangabezana nokuvuvukala okungapheli ezindaweni ezingaphandle komzimba wakho, sicela uhlele i-aphoyintimenti kuyo CARE Izibhedlela ukuze uhlolwe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-FNAC kune-TB?

Izimpendulo. Yebo, ukuhlolwa kwe-needle aspiration cytology kuyindlela engabizi, esheshayo, nevikelekile yokuxilonga isifo sofuba. 

2. Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa kwe-FNAC kukhombisa ukuthi unayo?

Izimpendulo. Umphumela wokuhlolwa oqondile we-FNAC awubonisi ukuhlonzwa komdlavuza. Udokotela angase atuse ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze anqume ukuxilongwa okuqondile, kucatshangelwa isimo sezokwelapha esivele sikhona, izimpawu, izikhalazo, nokuhlolwa komtholampilo. 

3. Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa kwe-FNAC kungathi awunayo?

Izimpendulo. Umphumela ongemuhle embikweni wokuhlolwa kwe-FNAC awukhiphi ubukhona besifo. I-biopsy evulekile kufanele yenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-histopathological.

4. Yiziphi ezinye zezinkinga ezingaba khona zokuhlolwa kwe-FNAC?

Izimpendulo. Izinkinga ezinjengokopha, ukutheleleka, noma imihuzuko endaweni yenaliti kungenzeka kodwa azivamile.

5. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-FNAC?

Izimpendulo. Nakuba ukuhlolwa ngokwako ngokuvamile kuthatha amaminithi ambalwa kuphela ukuqeda, yonke i-aphoyintimenti ingahlala kufika ehoreni elilodwa, kuye ngendawo yesisindo kanye nokuthi kuyadingeka yini ukuhlola okwengeziwe kwesithombe.

Izikhombo:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19610510/
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/fine-needle-aspiration
https://www.ucsfhealth.org/education/biopsy-for-breast-cancer-diagnosis-fine-needle-aspiration-biopsy