Olunye lokuhlolwa okwenziwa kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane ukuze kutholwe futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bakuphi ukukhulelwa ukuhlolwa kwe-hCG hormone. Ukuhlolwa kwesampula yegazi noma umchamo okuvame ukutuswa udokotela ukuze akuqonde kangcono ukukhulelwa. Le bhulogi inikeza umbono obanzi wakho konke okufanele ukwazi mayelana nokuhlolwa kwehomoni ye-hCG.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-hCG?

I-hCG noma ukuhlolwa kwe-chorionic gonadotropin yomuntu kuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa ngokuthola ukuba khona kwehomoni ye-hCG egazini noma emchameni. I-hCG iqala ukukhiqizwa ngemva nje kokukhulelwa placenta, futhi amazinga ayo aqhubeka ephindaphinda njalo emahoreni angama-72 ekukhulelweni kusencane. Inani elithile le-hormone ye-hCG liphinde likhishwe emchameni wabesifazane abakhulelwe.

Inhloso yokuhlolwa kwe-hCG

Ukuhlolwa kwe-hCG kufeza izinhloso eziningi, kufaka phakathi:

• Eqinisekisa ukukhulelwa
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhulelwa kuqhubeka ngendlela efanele
• Ukuthola okungavamile njengokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic noma i-molar
• Ukuthola ukuphuphuma kwesisu kusenesikhathi noma ukukhulelwa

Kudingeka nini ukuhlolwa kwe-hCG?

Nazi ezinye izimo ezivamile ezigunyaza ukuhlolwa kwe-hCG:

• Igejiwe noma ibambezelekile izinkathi
• Ukusuka kwamagciwane/ukubona ekukhulelweni kokuqala
• Ukulandela ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuzala njenge I-IVF
• Ukuqinisekisa ukukhulelwa ngemuva kokuhlolwa okuqondile ekhaya
• Ubuhlungu be-pelvic ngokunokwenzeka bubonisa ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic
• Ukukhulelwa okusolwayo ngezimpawu ezingavamile

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-hCG kungaxilonga ukukhulelwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuphuthelwa izikhathi uma kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuhlolwa komchamo kuba nethemba ngesikhathi sesikhathi esilindelekile. Odokotela abaningi batusa ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomchamo emavikini angu-1-2 ngemva kokuphuthelwa yizikhathi zokunemba.

Kwenzekani Ngesikhathi Sokuhlolwa kwe-hCG?

Ukuqoqwa Kwesampula Legazi

• Isiguli sihlale noma silale ukuze kube lula ukufinyelela emithanjeni.
• I-tourniquet isongwe engalweni engenhla ukwenza imithambo ibonakale.
• Isiza sivalekile, ngokuvamile umgodi wendololwane.
• U-2-3 mL wegazi udonswa kusetshenziswa inaliti esuka emthanjeni ibe izitsha ezinamathiselwe.
• Inaliti ikhishwa ngokushesha, futhi indawo iyacindezelwa ukuze kunqandwe ukopha.

Ukuqoqwa Kwesampula Umchamo

• Isiguli sicelwa ukuthi siqoqe phakathi nomfula umchamo esitsheni esingenalutho.
• Isampula lasekuseni elinomchamo ogxile kakhulu liyakhethwa.
• Akufanele ngabe achamele okungenani amahora ama-4 ngaphambili.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwesampula

• Isifanekiso esiqoqiwe sibe sesihlaziywa ngehomoni ye-hCG kusetshenziswa ama-immunoassays. 
• Amakhithi amaningi okukhulelwa omchamo wasekhaya anikeza imiphumela esheshayo phakathi nemizuzu emi-3-5. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-hCG okulinganiselwe kudinga ukuhlolwa kwerediyo/chemiluminescent okwenziwe kulabhorethri yokuxilonga ukuze kutholwe amanani athile e-IU/L.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hCG Test

• Eqinisekisa Ukukhulelwa
  • Ngokulinganisa ubukhona namazinga e-hCG, ukuhlolwa kungahlonza ngokuphelele ukukhulelwa kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa cishe. 
  • Iyakwazi ukubona ukukhulelwa ngaphambi kokuba kudlule isikhathi sokuya esikhathini noma kuvele noma yiziphi izimpawu.
• Ukulandelela Inqubekelaphambili Yokukhulelwa
  • Amazinga we-serial quantitative hCG ishadi lokukhula kombungu/umbungu, ukuqhathanisa amazinga ngokumelene nobubanzi bereferensi besikhathi sokukhulelwa esihambisanayo. 
  • Noma yikuphi ukuphakama noma ukwehla okungavamile kungadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
• Ukuthola Izinkinga
  • Ama-spurts, ama-dips noma ukunyuka kancane kumazinga we-hCG obuningi kungabonisa izinkinga.
  • Ukukhulelwa kwe-ectopic kubonisa ukwenyuka kwe-hCG kancane, isibonelo, kuyilapho isifo se-trophoblastic sokukhulelwa sibona ukukhuphuka kwe-hCG okusheshayo ngendlela engavamile. 
  • Ukuphuphunyelwa kwesisu kuhlala kuseduze uma i-hCG yehluleka ukuphinda kabili ngokwanele.

Inqubo Yokuhlola I-hCG

Inqubo yesinyathelo nesinyathelo elandelwayo ekuqoqeni amasampula nokwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-hCG ichazwe ngezansi:

• Ukuhlola Ngaphambili
  • Tshela udokotela nganoma yimiphi imithi noma izithasiselo.
  • Xoxa ngomlando wezempilo, okuhlanganisa ukuya esikhathini kokugcina, iphrofayili yokubelethisa kanye nezimpawu.
• Ukuqoqwa Kwesampula
  • Isiguli sihlala siqonde nengalo yeluliwe, izintende zibheke phezulu.
  • I-tourniquet igoqa ingalo engenhla ukuze iveze imithambo.
  • Indawo, imvamisa eyi-cubital fossa, ifafazwa inzalo ngesanitiser esekwe etshwaleni.
  • Kusetshenziswa inaliti eyinyumba, igazi elingu-2-3 mL likhishwa emthanjeni lingene ezitsheni ezinamathiselwe.
  • Ingcindezi esheshayo yokumisa ukopha ngemuva kokuhoxa.
• Ukuhlaziywa Kwesampula
  • Isampula yegazi lenziwa i-centrifugation ukuze ihlukanise i-serum equkethe i-hCG hormone.
  • Amazinga we-hCG we-serum quantitative akalwa ngama-immunoassays.
  • I-Radioimmunoassay (RIA) kanye namasu we-chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) anika amandla ukulinganisa okunembile.
  • Imiphumela ngokuvamile itholakala phakathi namahora angu-48.

Ungazilungiselela kanjani Ukuhlolwa kwe-hCG?

Amalungiselelo ayisisekelo iziguli kufanele zenze:

• Ukuze uthole izinsiza zasekhaya zomchamo osezingeni eliphezulu, funda izikhombisi-ndlela kahle ukuze ugweme amaphutha.
• Qoqa amasampula omchamo ekuseni kakhulu onamazinga e-hCG amakhulu kakhulu.
• Thatha ukuhlolwa oku-1 kuphela ngesikhathi; ukuyisebenzisa kabusha kunikeza imiphumela enganembile.
• Linda kuze kube amasonto angu-1-2 ngemva kokungena esikhathini ukuze amazinga e-hCG akhuphuke ngokwanele.
• Ukuze uthole isampula legazi elifanele, phuza uketshezi olwanele futhi ube nokuthile okufanele ukudle ngaphambili.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-hCG (uma iphansi futhi iphakeme kunamazinga avamile)?

I-hCG Test Positive: Iqinisekisa ukukhulelwa, kodwa ukulandelela kubalulekile. Odokotela bangase ba-ode amazinga e-serial quantitative hCG ukuze baqaphe ukukhula.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-hCG Kubi: Akukhiphi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukukhulelwa; amathuba okuba nomphumela omubi ongelona iqiniso akhona ngenxa yezizathu eziningi ezifana nalezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba i-hCG ikhuphuke ngokwanele
•  Amaphutha esampula aholela kuhlelo olungalungile
•  Umchamo ohlanjululwe wehlisa ukugxila kwe-hCG
•  Ukuhlola ngemva kosuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kuthinta ukuzwela kwekhithi
•  Ikhithi enesici

Ireferensi ye-hCG Ranges in Pregnancy

Amaviki asuka ku-Last Menstrual Period (LMP) I-Average Quantitative hCG Range (mIU/ml)

• Amaviki ama-4 e-LMP: 5-426 mIU/ml
• Amaviki ama-5 e-LMP: 18-7340 mIU/ml
• Amaviki ama-6 e-LMP: 1080-56,500 mIU/ml
• 9-12 amaviki e-LMP: 25,700- 288,000 mIU/ml
• I-Trimester Yesibili: 3,500-117,000 mIU/ml
• I-Trimester Yesithathu: 3,500-65,400 mIU/ml

Ukuchezuka kububanzi obujwayelekile be-hCG beminyaka yokukhulelwa ehambisanayo kubonisa ukugula. (1 mlU/L=1 IU/L)

Isho Ukuthini Imiphumela Engavamile?

• Amazinga we-hCG aphansi
  • Khomba izinkinga ezifana nokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic, ukuphuphuma kwesisu okungenzeka, izinsuku ezingalungile ze-LMP noma izizathu eziningi. 
  • Ukulandela ukuqapha komthamo kuyadingeka.
• Amazinga aphezulu we-hCG
  • Kungasho ukukhulelwa okuningi, ukukhulelwa kwe-molar, noma iminyaka yokukhulelwa engalungile. 
  • Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuyisibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Isiphetho

Akukho ukuhlolwa okukodwa okuqondile; ukukala amazinga e-hCG ngegazi nomchamo kuseyinkomba ehamba phambili ye-biochemical yokutholwa kokukhulelwa kusenesikhathi nokuqapha ukukhula kwengane. Noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka ekugxilweni kwe-hCG ngokuvamile kubonisa izinkinga eziyisisekelo ezidinga ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe kokuxilonga nokuphathwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, ngaleyo ndlela kuvinjwe izinkinga. Ukulandelela amazinga e-hCG ku-trimester yokuqala ngaleyo ndlela kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokukhula kwe-embryonic esibelethweni kanye nempilo enhle kamama.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Liyini izinga elijwayelekile lokuhlolwa kwe-hCG?

Amazinga ajwayelekile e-hCG e-hormone ekuhlolweni kwegazi ku-trimester yokuqala yilezi:

• Amaviki ama-4 okukhulelwa: amamilimitha angu-5-426 ngemililitha ngayinye (mIU/mL)
• Amaviki ama-5: 18-7,340 mIU/mL
• Amaviki ama-6: 1,080-56,500 mIU/mL

Amazinga aphezulu phakathi kwamaviki angu-8-11 okukhulelwa, ehla ngokulandelayo.

2. Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa kwe-hCG kukhombisa ukuthi unayo?

I-chorionic gonadotropin yomuntu iqala ukukhululwa ekuzifakeni ngokwayo, ngakho ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-hCG kungathola ukukhulelwa ezinsukwini ezingu-6-8 ngemva kokuvundiswa kweqanda ngaphambi kokuba kudlule isikhathi sokuqala. Ukuhlolwa komchamo kuphenduka kube nethemba ngesikhathi sesikhathi esilindelekile, ngokuvamile lapho i-hCG igxile ngokwanele.

3. Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa kwe-hCG kungenayo?

Ekukhulelweni okuvamile, amazinga e-hCG esilinganiso acishe abe kabili njalo emahoreni angama-48-72. Ukwenyuka okuhamba kancane kakhulu kubonisa amathuba okukhulelwa kwe-ectopic, i-ovum ebolile noma ukuphuphuma kwesisu okuseduze okudinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo. Ukwenyuka okusheshayo kungasho ukukhulelwa okuningi noma ukukhulelwa kwe-molar okudinga ukuhlolwa, futhi.

4. Ungayibona nini i-hCG ekukhulelweni?

Yebo, ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa okungelona iqiniso okungelona iqiniso kwenzeka ngezinye izikhathi uma ukuhlolwa komchamo wekhwalithi ye-hCG kwenziwa kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokuba amazinga aphelele anqwabelene ukuze atholwe. Ukusebenzisa umchamo ohlanjululiwe, izinqubo ezingalungile, ukuhlola okungaphezu kokuphelelwa yisikhathi, noma amakhithi anesici nakho akuvamile ukunikeza imiphumela engemihle engalungile.