• Mayelana Us - CHG
  • Iziguli Zomhlaba Wonke
  • Khokha ku-inthanethi
  • Careers
  • Buza Manje
  • Impendulo
  • Isithombe Sendawo
isithonjana
×
Buza Manje

Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi Le-Hemogram

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele kwe-hemogram kusebenza njengethuluzi lokuxilonga eliyisisekelo odokotela abalisebenzisayo ukuhlola impilo iyonke. Ukuhlolwa kunikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nezibalo zamangqamuzana egazi nezici zawo. Odokotela batusa lokhu kuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile lapho beqapha izimo ezithile zempilo noma bephenya izimpawu ezingavamile. Lesi sihloko sichaza inqubo ephelele yokuhlolwa kwe-hemogram, izinyathelo zokulungiselela ezidingekayo, ububanzi obuvamile bemiphumela yokuhlolwa, nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela engavamile engase ibonise impilo yakho.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kweHemogram?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemogram, okwaziwa nangokuthi isibalo segazi esiphelele (CBC), ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuphelele okuhlaziya izingxenye zegazi ezihlukahlukene ngokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo. Leli thuluzi lokuxilonga lihlanganisa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: I-Complete Blood Count (CBC) kanye ne-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR).

Ukuhlola kunikeza ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zegazi:

  • Amaseli Egazi Abomvu (RBC): Ikala i-hemoglobin, i-hematocrit, nezinkomba zamaseli
  • Amangqamuzana Egazi Amhlophe (i-WBC): Ihlola izinhlobo ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ama-lymphocyte, ama-neutrophils, nama-monocyte
  • Ama-Platelets: Ihlola ukubala nokusabalalisa usayizi

Amasistimu wokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo wesimanje angacubungula isampula yegazi elincane (100 μL) phakathi nomzuzu owodwa, alethe imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi le-hemogram ngamaphutha angaphansi kuka-1%. Uhlelo lukala amapharamitha amaningi, okuhlanganisa i-Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH), kanye Nobubanzi Bokusabalalisa Amaseli Abomvu (RDW).

Inzuzo eyinhloko yokuhlolwa kwe-hemogram isemandleni ako okubona ngisho nokungajwayelekile okuncane egazini, okulenza libe ithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlola izimo zempilo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-anemia, izifo, ukuvuvukala, nokuphazamiseka kwegazi.

shayela nathi
bhuka i-aphoyintimenti

Kufanele Uthole Nini Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Hemogram?

Odokotela ngokuvamile batusa ukuhlolwa kwe-hemogram kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

  • Ukuhlolwa Kwezempilo Okujwayelekile: Ukuhlola kuyingxenye yokuhlolwa kwezempilo okuvamile ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yonke futhi kutholwe ukuphambana kwegazi okungaba khona kusenesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa:
    • Thola i-anemia kanye nokuphazamiseka kwegazi okuhlobene
    • Khomba umdlavuza wegazi ongaba khona njenge i-leukemia
    • uphethwe rheumatoid arthritis nezimo zokuvuvukala
  • Ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuhlinzwa: Odokotela badinga imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-hemogram ngaphambi kwezinqubo zokuhlinzwa ukuze bahlole izibalo zamangqamuzana egazi namandla okujiyisa.
  • Ukuqapha Izifo Ezingamahlalakhona: Iziguli ezinezimo ezingapheli ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma isifo sezinso badinga ukuhlolwa kwe-hemogram okuvamile ukuze balandelele isimo sabo sezempilo kanye nempumelelo yokwelashwa.
  • Ukutholwa kokutheleleka: Ukwanda kwenani lamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe kungase kubonise ukuba khona kwezifo noma izimo ezivuthayo.
  • Ukuhlola Ukuphazamiseka Kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kusiza ukuhlonza izifo ezihlukahlukene zegazi, okuhlanganisa i-thalassemia, isifo se-sickle cell, noma i-leukemia.
  • Ukuqapha Ukukhulelwa: Omama abakhulelwe bahlolwa njalo i-hemogram ukuze baqinisekise impilo kamama nengane.
  • Phenya Izimpawu Ezingachazwa:

Inqubo yokuhlolwa kweHemogram

Inqubo yokuqoqa igazi ilandela lezi zinyathelo ezibalulekile:

  • Udokotela ufaka ibhande elinwebekayo (i-tourniquet) engalweni engenhla
  • Umuntu ucelwa ukuba enze isibhakela ukuze enze imithambo ibonakale kakhudlwana
  • Isikhumba sihlanzwa kahle nge-alcohol swab
  • Inaliti encane ifakwa emthanjeni obonakalayo
  • Igazi ligeleza ngenaliti libe izitsha zokuqoqa
  • I-tourniquet iyasuswa, futhi inaliti iyahoxiswa
  • I-bandage encane isetshenziswa endaweni yokuqoqa

Iziguli zingase zizwe ukuncinza kancane phakathi nenqubo lapho inaliti ingena esikhumbeni. Nakuba inqubo ngokuvamile ingenabuhlungu, abanye abantu bangase bazizwe bengakhululekile. Udokotela uthumela leli sampula legazi eliqoqiwe elabhorethri ukuze lihlaziywe kusetshenziswa imishini yokuhlola ezenzakalelayo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ilabhorethri ivamise ukucubungula imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-hemogram phakathi namahora ambalwa kuya osukwini olulodwa. 

Ukulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-Hemogram?

Ukuze kuhlolwe i-hemogram evamile, iziguli azidingi ukulungiswa okukhethekile. Nokho, izinkombandlela eziqondile kufanele zilandelwe:

  • Isheduli Yemithi Ejwayelekile: Qhubeka uthatha imithi oyinikeziwe ngaphandle uma uyalelwe ngenye indlela udokotela
  • Ukudla Neziphuzo: Akukho ukuzila okudingekile ukuze kuhlolwe i-hemogram eyisisekelo
  • Ukuhambisa amanzi: Amanzi okuphuza avunyelwe futhi akhuthazwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa
  • Ulwazi Lwezempilo: Yazisa udokotela mayelana nemithi yamanje kanye nezithasiselo
  • Izivivinyo ezengeziwe: Uma i-hemogram ihlanganiswa nokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kungase kudingeke ukuzila ukudla

Amanani Emiphumela Yokuhlola I-Hemogram

Ububanzi bereferensi obujwayelekile bezingxenye ezibalulekile zegazi yilaba:

Ingxenye Yegazi Uhla Lwabesifazane     Uhla Lwabesilisa  Unit
IHemoglobin 12.0-16.0  13.5-17.5  g/dL
Amaseli Egazi Abomvu 3.5-5.5  4.3-5.9  izigidi/mm³
Amangqamuzana Amhlophe Egazi 4,500-11,000  4,500-11,000  amaseli/mm³
Amapulatifomu  150,000-400,000 150,000-400,000  /mm³
I-Hematocrit 36-46 41-53 %

Odokotela bacabangela izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile lapho behumusha la manani:

  • Isikhathi Sokuhlola: Amasampula egazi axutshwe ne-EDTA ahlala ethembekile amahora angama-24 ezingxenyeni eziningi
  • Ukulinganisa Ukulinganisa: Amasistimu esimanje azenzakalelayo ahlinzeka ngemiphumela enamathuba amaphutha angaphansi kuka-1%.
  • Izici zendawo: Ububanzi bereferensi bungase buhluke ngokusekelwe kumazinga okuphakama kanye naselabhorethri
  • Ubudala nobulili: Ububanzi obujwayelekile buhluka phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane nakumaqembu obudala

Isho Ukuthini Imiphumela Ye-Hemogram Engavamile

Ukungajwayelekile okujwayelekile ezingxenyeni zegazi kungabonisa izimo ezithile:

  • Ukungajwayelekile Kweseli Ebomvu:
    • Izibalo eziphezulu zingabonisa izimo zenhliziyo, izifo zamaphaphu, noma izifo zomnkantsha wamathambo
    • Izibalo eziphansi zivame ukusikisela i-anemia, ukulahlekelwa igazi, noma iron ukuntula
  • Izinguquko Zeseli Emhlophe Egazi:
    • Amazinga aphakeme ngokuvamile abonisa izifo noma izimpendulo zokuvuvukala
    • Izibalo ezinciphile zingabonisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune noma izinkinga zomnkantsha
  • Izinguquko zePlatelet:
    • Amanani aphezulu angabangelwa izifo noma izivikeli mzimba ukuphazamiseka
    • Izibalo eziphansi zingaphakamisa i-immune thrombocytopenia noma umdlavuza othile

Izinto ezimbalwa zingaba nomthelela emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa ngaphandle kokukhombisa ukugula. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudla, amazinga okusebenza ngokomzimba, imithi, ukuya esikhathini, nesimo sokuphuza amanzi. Odokotela bacabangela lezi zici lapho betolika imiphumela ewela ngaphandle kwebanga elivamile.

Isiphetho

Odokotela bathembele emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwe-hemogram njengengxenye yenqubo yokuhlola yezokwelapha ebanzi. Imiphumela engaphandle kobubanzi obujwayelekile ingase ibonise izimo zezempilo ezihlukahlukene, nakuba kufanele zihunyushwe ngokuhambisana nokunye okutholwe emitholampilo. Iziguli kufanele zikhumbule ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-hemogram okuvamile kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezinkinga zempilo ezingaba khona. Odokotela bangasebenzisa le miphumela ukuze benze izinhlelo zokwelashwa ezihlosiwe futhi baqaphe ukuqhubeka kwesiguli ngempumelelo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa kwe-hemogram kuphezulu?

Imiphumela ye-hemogram ephakeme ngokuvamile ibonisa ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi noma ukugxilisa ingqondo. Amanani aphezulu angase asikisele:

  • Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kubangela izingxenye zegazi ezigxilile
  • Izimo zenhliziyo noma zamaphaphu ezithinta amazinga komoyampilo
  • Ukuphazamiseka komnkantsha njenge-polycythemia vera
  • I-apnea yokulala noma ezinye izimo zokuphefumula

2. Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa kwe-hemogram kuphansi?

Amanani aphansi e-hemogram ngokuvamile abonisa ukuncipha kokukhiqizwa noma ukulahlekelwa kwamangqamuzana egazi. Izimbangela ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:

  • Ukushoda kwensimbi noma ukushoda kukavithamini B12
  • Ukulahleka kwegazi okungapheli noma ukuya esikhathini kakhulu
  • Ukuphazamiseka komnkantsha
  • Isifo sezinso noma izimo zesibindi

3. Liyini izinga elijwayelekile lokuhlolwa kwe-hemogram?

Amazinga e-hemogram ajwayelekile ayahluka ngobulili neminyaka. Nazi ububanzi obujwayelekile:

Uphiko Uhla Lwabesilisa  Uhla Lwabesifazane
IHemoglobin 14.0-17.5 g/dL  12.3-15.3 g/dL
I-WBC 4,500-11,000/μL  4,500-11,000/μL
Amapulatifomu 150,000-450,000/μL 150,000-450,000/μL

4. Iyini inkomba yokuhlolwa kwe-hemogram?

Odokotela batusa ukuhlolwa kwe-hemogram ku:

  • Isikrini sokuphazamiseka kwegazi kanye nezifo
  • Gada izimo ezingamahlalakhona
  • Linganisa isimo sezempilo sisonke
  • Hlola ukusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa
  • Phenya izimpawu ezingachazeki

5. Ingabe ukuzila ukudla kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlolwe igazi?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-hemogram okujwayelekile akudingi ukuzila ukudla. Kodwa-ke, uma kuhlanganiswa nokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi, odokotela bangase bacele amahora angu-8-12 wokuzila ukudla. Iziguli kufanele:

  • Qhubeka uphuze amanzi njengokujwayelekile
  • Thatha imithi oyinikeziwe ngaphandle uma uyalelwe ngenye indlela
  • Yazisa udokotela mayelana nemithi yamanje

6. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuhlolwa kwe-hemogram?

Inqubo yangempela yokuqoqa igazi ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu emi-5-10. Ukuhlaziywa kwaselabhorethri kuvame ukunikeza imiphumela phakathi namahora angama-24, nakuba isikhathi singahluka futhi sincike endaweni kanye nokuhlolwa okuthile okuyaliwe.

Buza Manje

+ 91
* Ngokuthumela leli fomu, uyavuma ukuthola ukuxhumana okuvela ezibhedlela ze-CARE ngocingo, i-WhatsApp, i-imeyili, kanye ne-SMS.

Usenombuzo?

Shayela Us

+ 91-40-68106529

Thola Isibhedlela

Ukunakekela eduze nawe, Noma kunini