The Igciwane le-Hepatitis C kubangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi, okungase kuholele ku-cirrhosis yesibindi noma izibazi zesibindi. Igciwane le-Hep C lisakazeka ngegazi elingcolile, ucansi olungavikelekile, nezinye izindlela ezihlukahlukene. Lawa magciwane ngokuyinhloko abangela ukutheleleka buthule, okusho ukuthi azikho izimpawu zokutheleleka ngezigaba zokuqala. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlolelwe i-HCV, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Hepatitis C test, okungenani kanye empilweni. Ukwengeza, okwamanje awukho umgomo wokuvimbela ukutheleleka nge-Hepatitis C, ngakho-ke ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze uhlele ukwelashwa okufanele.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C?

I-Hepatitis C iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo sokusha kwesibindi sohlobo lwe-viral, esihlukaniswa saba acute futhi esingamahlalakhona. Udokotela uyala i-Hepatitis C ukuthi ihlole ukuhlolwa, ukuxilongwa, nokuqapha uhlelo lokwelapha. 

Isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C esinamandla senzeka phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala eziyisithupha ngemva kokuba umuntu echayeke kugciwane. Ekuqaleni, azikho izimpawu, okwenza kube nzima ngabantu abaningi ukubona ukuthi banalo yini ukutheleleka. Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezine yeziguli, i izivikeli mzimba lilwa ngempumelelo negciwane, okuholela ekubuyeleni empilweni evamile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo C okungapheli kwenzeka lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni singakwazi ukuqeda leli gciwane. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwelapha igciwane lisaqala, njengoba ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kanye nokwelashwa kungavimbela izinkinga ezithile ezifana nesifo sesibindi, umdlavuza wesibindi, nokwehluleka kwesibindi.

Inhloso yokuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C, noma ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody ye-HCV, ukuthola ukuthi isiguli sike sangenwa yini igciwane le-Hepatitis C. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kucinga amasosha omzimba e-hepatitis C egazini. Ama-antibody ngamakhemikhali akhishelwa egazini lapho othile etheleleke ngegciwane le-Hep C. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma umuntu esengenwe igciwane le-Hep C, uzohlala enamasosha omzimba egazini lakhe, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uselaphekile yini.

Kufanele ngikuthole nini lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C?

Ziningi izindlela umuntu angenwa ngazo igciwane leHepatitis C. Kodwa-ke, indlela evame kakhulu yokuthola lesi sifo ngokuhlanganyela izinaliti. Ezinye izindlela igciwane elingasakazwa ngazo zihlanganisa ngokuthintana nocansi noma ngokuthinta igazi lomuntu one-Hep C positive, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

Kuyancomeka ukuthi umuntu ahlolelwe igciwane leHepatitis C uma eseneminyaka engu-18 noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igciwane alibonisi zimpawu ekuqaleni futhi liyaqhubeka nokukhula, ligcine lidale umonakalo esibindini. Ngakho-ke, uma umuntu enezici eziyingozi, kunconywa ukuthi ahlolwe igazi le-HCV ngezikhathi ezithile. Ezinye zezinto eziyingozi yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Ukuba nokutheleleka nge-HIV
• Ukuthola i-dialysis yezinso
• Ukuzibandakanya ocansini olungavikelekile
• Ukusebenza noma ukuhlala ejele
• Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa (ezedlule noma zamanje)
• Ukuzalwa ngumama one-Hep C
• Ukuthola ukumpontshelwa igazi noma ukufakelwa isitho somzimba

Nakuba igciwane le-hepatitis ngokuvamile lingabangeli zimpawu, umuntu kufanele ahlolwe lapho ehlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Fever
• I-nausea
• Ukuvota
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
• Ukukhathala nokukhathala
• Ukuphuzi kwamehlo nesikhumba
• Umchamo omnyama noma ophuzi

Inqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C 

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi le-HCV, a uchwepheshe lab ubeka ibhande lenjoloba engalweni engenhla, futhi isiguli sicelwa ukuba senze isibhakela, siqinisekise ukugeleza kwegazi okungcono emthanjeni. Isikhumba engalweni sibe sesihlanzwa ngokuhlikihlwa ngotshwala ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo. Okulandelayo, inaliti ifakwa endaweni ehlanziwe, lapho uchwepheshe edonsa igazi, eqoqa isampula epayipini. Leli shubhu bese lisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubukhona begciwane le-Hep C egazini.

Izinhlobo Zokuhlola I-Hepatitis Virus C (HCV). 

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zegazi le-hepatitis C zisetshenziswa ukuze kutholwe abahlaziyi abahlukene, kuqinisekiswe ukwelashwa okufanele kwaleli gciwane elingase libe sengozini yokuphila. Ukuhlola okulandelayo kuyadingeka ukuze kutholwe igciwane le-Hep C:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C Antibody: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kunquma ukuthi umuntu akanalo yini igciwane leHepatitis C ngokuthola ukuba khona kwamasosha omzimba.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C RNA: Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwe-antibody, ukuhlolwa kwe-RNA kuyenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba khona kwegciwane le-Hep C. Ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi kungathola ukuba khona kwe-HCV RNA, kuyilapho ukuhlolwa kwenani likala inani le-HCV RNA egazini.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Genotype: Kunezinhlobo eziyisithupha ze-hepatitis C, ezaziwa ngokuthi ama-genotypes. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwenzelwa ukukhomba uhlobo oluthile lwe-genotype, olubalulekile ekuqondiseni izinqumo zokwelashwa.

Inhloso yokuhlolwa kwe-HCV

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C kusebenzela inhloso yokuhlonza ukutheleleka kwe-HCV kanye nezinqumo zokwelashwa eziqondisayo. I-HCV ikhona egazini nakwamanye uketshezi lomzimba ngesikhathi sokutheleleka.

I-Hepatitis C iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-viral hepatitis e-United States, futhi izifo zihlukaniswa njenge-acute noma engapheli. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bangancoma ukuhlolwa kwe-hepatitis C ukuze kuhlolwe, ukuxilongwa, nokuphathwa kokwelashwa.

• I-Acute Hepatitis C ibhekisela ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyisithupha ngemva kokuchayeka egciwaneni. Ezigabeni zokuqala, izimpawu zingase zibe mnene noma zingabibikho, okuholela abantu abaningi ukuthi bangazi ngokutheleleka. Cishe u-25% wabantu bangasusa igciwane ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yabo njengoba amasosha omzimba elwa naleli gciwane.
• Isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C esingapheli sikhula uma umzimba ungakwazi ukuqeda igciwane. Ukuguquka kusuka ku-acute kuya ku-hepatitis C engapheli kuvamile, kwenzeka ku-75% kuya ku-85% wamacala. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwe-hepatitis C engapheli kubalulekile njengoba ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungavimbela izinkinga ezihlobene nalesi simo, okuhlanganisa isifo sesibindi, ukwehluleka kwesibindi, nomdlavuza wesibindi.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa kwe-HCV 

Ukuhlolwa kwe-HCV (igciwane le-Hepatitis C) kusetshenziswa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene nokutholwa nokulawulwa kwezifo ze-hepatitis C. Nazi izinto ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa kwe-HCV:

• Ukuhlolwa kweHepatitis C: Ukuhlolwa kwe-HCV kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuhlola ukuhlonza abantu okungenzeka bake bachayeka egciwaneni le-hepatitis C. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abasengozini enkulu, njengalabo abanomlando wokuzijova ngezidakamizwa, abampontshelwa igazi, noma abake baziphatha ngendlela eyingozi yocansi.
• Ukuhlola Ukutheleleka Kwe-Hepatitis C: Uma umuntu ebonisa izimpawu ze-hepatitis C noma ebonakala enezici eziyingozi, ukuhlolwa kwe-HCV kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba khona kwegciwane. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukukhathala, i-jaundice, ubuhlungu besisu, namazinga e-enzyme esibindi angavamile.
• Ukuqapha Ukuthuthuka Kwezifo: Kubantu abatholakala bene-hepatitis C engapheli, ukuhlolwa kwe-HCV kusetshenziselwa ukuqapha ukuqhubeka kokutheleleka. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlola umthamo wegciwane egazini nokusebenza kwesibindi ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlukahlukene ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Ukuhlola Ukusebenza Kokwelapha: Phakathi nangemuva kokwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane, ukuhlolwa kwe-HCV kusetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kokwelashwa. Ukuncipha kwenani legciwane egazini kubonisa ukusabela okuhle ekwelashweni.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwengozi Yezifo Zesibindi: Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-HCV, kanye nokunye ukuhlolwa komtholampilo, kusiza ukulinganisa ubungozi bokuthola izinkinga ezihlobene nesibindi, ezifana ne-cirrhosis noma umdlavuza wesibindi, kubantu abane-hepatitis C engapheli.

Ukulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C?

Awekho amalungiselelo akhethekile adingekayo ekuhlolweni kwe-hepatitis C. Ngokuvamile udokotela akaceli isiguli ukuthi sizile ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Ngakho-ke, bangaya ngqo emtholampilo noma elabhorethri bayozihlola.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kweHepatitis C

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C ithatha endaweni ethile cishe izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, eminye imitholampilo iphinde inikeze ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-hepatitis C ngokushesha lapho imiphumela inikezwa phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30-40. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa isiphumile, umhlinzeki wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzotshela isiguli ukuthi iyini imiphumela - iyasebenza noma ayisebenzi.

• Ukuhlola okusebenzayo: Ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-hep C positive antibody test, kusho ukuthi isiguli sithelelwe igciwane le-Hep C ngesikhathi esithile. Kodwa, ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody esebenzayo akusho ukuthi njengamanje banegciwane le-Hep C. Ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka ukuhlolwa kokulandelela.
• Ukuhlolwa okungasasebenzi: Ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody okungaphenduki noma okungenayo kusho ukuthi umuntu akanalo igciwane le-Hep C. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu ecabanga ukuthi usechayeke kugciwane ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha ezedlule, kuyancomeka ukuthi ahlole igciwane le-Hep C. 

Uma imiphumela yokuhlola ithi positive, udokotela angase acebise ukuthi kuphinde kuhlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubukhona be-Hepatitis C, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Nucleic Acid Test (NAT) noma i-HCV RNA test. Uma i-NAT ye-HCV RNA ithi:

• Okuhle: Umuntu ungenwe yigciwane leHepatitis C.
• Okubi: Umuntu uke wangenwa yigciwane leHepatitis C ngesikhathi esithile, kodwa useselaphekile futhi akasenalo igciwane emzimbeni wakhe.

Uma umuntu enokuhlolwa kwe-antibody kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-NAT HCV RNA, kufanele abonane nodokotela, ozobe esenikeza isiqondiso ngohlelo lokwelapha, izindleko ezihlobene, kanye nemiphumela engase ibe khona. Ukwelashwa kweHepatitis C ngokuvamile kuthatha izinyanga ezingu-8-12.

Isiphetho

Uma umuntu eseqala ukuzwa imfiva, ukukhathala, nokuhlanza okungaqedi, kuyalulekwa ukuthi abonane nodokotela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngo CARE Izibhedlela, sinodokotela abangcono kakhulu abanesipiliyoni seminyaka ekwelapheni iziguli ezinegciwane le-Hepatitis C. Baqala ngokubonisana noku-oda ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C ukuze kuhlolwe izinga legciwane futhi kudwetshwe uhlelo lokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukuthi ungalibali ukwelashelwa uma kukhona izimpawu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Q1. Ngingakuthola kanjani ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C?

Izimpendulo. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi uthole ukuhlolwa kwe-Hepatitis C kanye empilweni. Ukuze ahlolelwe isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C, umuntu angavakashela udokotela, futhi bazotusa ukuthi yikuphi ukuhlolwa okufanele kwenziwe.

Q2. Yiziphi izivivinyo ezimbili ze-Hep C?

Izimpendulo. Ukuhlola okubili kwe-Hep C ukuhlolwa kwe-Hep C antibody kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-HCV RNA.

Q3. Ingabe i-Hep C ihlolwe emchamweni?

Izimpendulo. Yebo, odokotela bangase bacele ngisho nokuhlolwa komchamo, njengoba igciwane le-Hepatitis C lingatholwa oketshezini lomzimba olunjengomchamo.