Izimo eziningana, njengesifo sikashukela nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, zingabangela izinso ukuba ziyeke ukusebenza ngendlela evamile. Kubalulekile ukuvakashela udokotela uma isiguli sihlangabezana nanoma yikuphi izimpawu zokulimala kwezinso, njengegazi emchameni, ukuchama okubuhlungu, njll. Uma udokotela esehlonze izimpawu nezimpawu zokulimala kwezinso, angase a-ode ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-KFT okukodwa noma ngaphezulu, okungahlanganisa:

• I-Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) - Lokhu kuhlola kukala amazinga e-nitrogen egazini lakho.
• I-GFR elinganiselwe (eGFR) - Lokhu kubala izinga lokuhlunga kwe-glomerular ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana namazinga amaprotheni, ubudala, ubulili, usayizi, nohlanga.
• I-Serum Creatinine - Lokhu kuhlola ukwakheka kwe-creatinine, okwenzeka ngenxa yokuwohloka kwezicubu zemisipha.

Ngokungeziwe ezivivinyweni ezishiwo, ukuhlolwa kwe-KFT kungase kuhlanganise:

• I-Urinalysis - Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola umchamo ukusebenza kwamaprotheni, igazi, nezinso.
• I-Microalbuminuria - Lokhu kuhlola kuthola iphrotheni ethile ebizwa ngokuthi i-albumin.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-KFT?

I-Kidney Function Tests (KFT), eyaziwa nangokuthi Ukuhlolwa Kwemisebenzi Yezinso (RFT) ikala ukuthi izinso zisebenza ngempumelelo kangakanani nokuthi ziwuqeda ngempumelelo kangakanani udoti ohlelweni, okuhlanganisa ne-glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Lokhu kuhlola kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa kwegazi, isampula yomchamo wamahora angu-24, noma ngezinye izikhathi kokubili.

Odokotela ngokuvamile batusa ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-KFT ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela noma umfutho wegazi ophezulu (high blood pressure) ngoba lezi zimo zingalimaza noma zithinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwezinso. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso kusiza ukuqapha lezi zimo. Kwesinye isikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwe-KFT kuyanconywa uma isiguli sihlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimo ezilandelayo:

• I-hematuria (igazi emchameni)
• I-Dysuria (Ukuchama Okubuhlungu)
• Ukufisa ukuchama njalo

Izimpawu zezifo zezinso

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso, noma isifo sezinso, kungaveza izimpawu ezihlukahlukene. Ezigabeni zokuqala, kungase kungabi khona izinkomba ezisobala. Nokho, njengoba ukusebenza kwezinso kuncipha, abantu bangase babe nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukukhathala Nobuthakathaka: Ikhono elincishisiwe lezinso lokuhlunga udoti egazini lingabangela ukunqwabelana kobuthi, okuholela emizweni yokukhathala nokuba buthakathaka.
• I-Edema: Ukuncipha kokusebenza kwezinso kungase kube nomthelela ekugcineni uketshezi, okubangela ukuvuvukala ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba njengemilenze, amaqakala, izinyawo, ubuso, noma izandla.
• Ukucindezeleka Kokuphefumula: Ukugcinwa koketshezi lomzimba ngokweqile kungase kubangele ukuphefumula kanzima kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukushintsha Ukuchama: Isifo sezinso singaletha izinguquko emaphethini omchamo, okuhlanganisa ukwanda noma ukuncipha kwemvamisa, umchamo omnyama noma onegwebu, nokungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuchama.
• Ukushintshashintsha Komfutho Wegazi: Ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinso kungaholela ekukhuphukeni noma ekukhuphukeni komfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• Isicanucanu Nokuhlanza: Ukwakheka kwemfucuza emzimbeni kungadala isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Ukuncipha Kwesifiso Sokudla: Isifo sezinso singase siholele ekwehleni kwesifiso sokudla nokuncipha kwesisindo okungahlosiwe.
• Izinkinga Zesikhumba: Isifo sezinso singaholela esikhumbeni esomile, esilumayo, okwenza kube lula ukungenwa izifo zesikhumba.
• Ukukhubazeka Kwengqondo: Ezigabeni ezithuthukisiwe, isifo sezinso singabangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukudideka, nobunzima bokugxila.

Kufanele ngikuthole nini lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-KFT?

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezinso ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imfucumfucu enobuthi ikhishwa ngendlela efanele emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, i-KFT noma i-Kidney Function Test ngokuvamile iyenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi izinso zesiguli zisebenza ngendlela efanele yini.

Ukusetshenziswa KFT Test

Izinso zonakaliswa kakhulu ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili, njengoba kuxoxwe ngazo ekuqaleni: isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Ngakho-ke, uma isiguli sinezimo noma zombili lezi zimo, udokotela angase ayale i-KFT ukuthi iqaphe isimo sezinso. Izimpawu zokulimala kwezinso zihlanganisa:

• Ukuchama kabuhlungu
• Igazi emchameni
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Ukuvuvukala ezandleni nasezinyaweni ngenxa yokwanda koketshezi

Ukwengeza, uma othile enemikhuba ethile yokuphila, odokotela bangase batuse ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso uma bene:

• Ukukhathazeka kwezempilo okuhlobene nezinso
• Imikhuba yokubhema kakhulu
• Iminyaka engaphezu kwama-60
• Umlando womndeni wesifo sezinso

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso?

Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bangase bacele ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kokusebenza kwezinso, kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwegazi okufana nalokhu:

• I-Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) - ikala amazinga e-nitrogen atholakala ekuqhekekeni kwamaprotheni egazini lakho.
• Isilinganiso Sokuhlunga Kwe-Glomerular (i-eGFR) esilinganiselwe - sibala izilinganiso zokuhlunga ngokusekelwe ezicini ezifana namazinga amaprotheni, ubudala, ubulili, usayizi, nohlanga.
• I-Serum Creatinine - ithola ukuqoqwa kwe-creatinine, i-byproduct yokuwohloka kwezicubu zemisipha.

Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa komchamo wamahora angu-24 kungase kuhlinzekwe, okuhlanganisa:

• I-Microalbuminuria - ikhomba ukuba khona kwephrotheni ethile ebizwa ngokuthi i-albumin.
• I-Urinalysis - ihlola umchamo wakho ukuze uthole izinkomba zegazi, amaprotheni, nokusebenza kwezinso kukonke.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zalokhu kuhlolwa?

• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso kuyasiza ekuhloleni umchamo ukuze kutholwe ubukhona begazi namaprotheni.
• I-KFT isiza ukuhlola ukuqoqwa kwe-creatinine egazini, njengoba amazinga aphakeme angase abonise izinkinga zezinso.
• Isiza odokotela ekuxilongeni izici ezihlobene nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ongachazeki.
• Ukuhlola kusiza ekuhloleni izimbangela zokukhuluphala ngokweqile.
• Kuyasiza ukunciphisa ubungozi bokulimala kwezinso okuhlobene nokukhula, ukubhema ugwayi, nezinye izici.

Uzilungiselela Kanjani Izivivinyo ze-KFT?

Ngokuvamile awekho amalungiselelo athile adingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe igazi le-KFT. Okwe ukuhlolwa komchamo we-creatinine, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ulande umchamo amahora angu-24 esitsheni esinikezwe umtholampilo. Ukuze uhlolwe igazi, udinga kuphela ukuvakashela umtholampilo noma esibhedlela lapho kuzokhishwa khona igazi.

Inqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-KFT

Ukuhlolwa kwe-KFT kufaka phakathi izivivinyo ezimbili ezinkulu - ukuhlolwa komchamo kanye nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuze kuhlolwe umchamo, udokotela unikeza isiguli isitsha sokuqoqa umchamo. Udokotela weluleka isiguli ukuthi sichame njengokujwayelekile ekuseni ngosuku lokuqala. Usuku lonke, isiguli kufanele sichamele esitsheni, futhi ngakusasa, kufanele futhi sichamele esitsheni ekuseni kakhulu. Ngokulandelayo, isiguli kudingeka sehlise isiqukathi emtholampilo kadokotela ukuze siphinde sihlolwe.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi lezinso, isiguli sidinga ukuvakashela umtholampilo kadokotela noma ilabhorethri ukuze sinikeze isampula yegazi. Umhlinzeki wezempilo uzosebenzisa isirinji encane enenaliti ukuze adonse igazi futhi aliqoqe ngeshubhu ukuze lihlolwe.

Lezi zivivinyo ngokuvamile azinayo imiphumela emibi. Nokho, abanye abantu bangase babe nemihuzuko, ukukhathala, noma isiyezi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngokuvamile akuholeli kunoma yiziphi izinkinga zesikhathi eside, kodwa uma kwenzeka, kuyatuseka ukuthintana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ukuze uthole izimpawu ezingaxazululeki.

Umphumela Wokuhlola we-KFT

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-KFT ivamise ukutholakala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kodwa ezimweni eziningi, itholakala ngosuku olufanayo. Lezi zivivinyo zihlola ukusebenza kwezinso futhi zinikeze ukufundwa okulandelayo:

Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingajwayelekile, udokotela wakho uzolandelela isiguli futhi anikeze uhlelo lokwelapha oluhloselwe ukwehlisa isifo sikashukela nomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uthintane no-a nesphrologist. Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile kungase kudingeke ukuqapha ukulimala kwezinso ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Isiphetho

Ukulimala kwezinso kungaba yinhlekelele futhi kungase kuholele ekuvalelekeni kokusebenza kwezitho zomzimba ekugcineni. Ngakho, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-KFT futhi ubone udokotela onolwazi ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa okungcono. Ngo CARE Izibhedlela, siqinisekisa ukuthi iziguli zethu zinakekelwa kahle. Ukwengeza, odokotela bethu, abanokuhlangenwe nakho kweminyaka eminingi, baqinisekisa ukuthi umfutho wegazi ophakeme wesiguli nesifo sikashukela (noma ngabe yini ebangela ukulimala kwezinso) kuyalawuleka. Uma izinso zilimele kakhulu, udokotela wethu we-nephrologist uphakamisa izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze kugcinwe isimo silawulwa.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Q1. Ithini ileveli ye-KFT evamile?

Izimpendulo. Kwabesilisa, izinga le-KFT elivamile liphakathi kuka-0.74 kuya ku-1.35 mg/dL. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwabesifazane, inani elivamile le-KFT liphakathi kuka-0.59 kuya ku-1.04 mg/dL.

Q2. Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-LFT ne-KFT?

Izimpendulo. I-LFT yenzelwe ukusebenza kwesibindi, kuyilapho i-KFT yenzelwe ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso. I-LFT ihlola amazinga ama-enzyme, i-bilirubin, namaprotheni akhiqizwa isibindi, futhi i-KFT ihlola impilo yezinso.

Q3. Ingabe ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso kuyingozi?

Izimpendulo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-KFT kuvamile futhi ngokuvamile akunazo izici eziyingozi eziphawulekayo. Nokho, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, ungase uzwe ukungakhululeki okuncane, okwesikhashana.

Q4. Ingabe ukuzila ukudla kuyadingeka ukuze uthole i-KFT?

Izimpendulo. Cha, akudingeki ukuthi uzile ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-KFT. Ungadla uphuze njengenjwayelo. Futhi, akudingi ukulungiswa okuqondile.