Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi (LFTs) yiqembu lokuhlola igazi elinikeza ukuqonda ngempilo kanye nokusebenza isibindi. Isibindi siyisitho esibalulekile esibhekele imisebenzi ebalulekile yomzimba, okuhlanganisa i-metabolism, ukukhipha ubuthi, ukugaya ukudla, ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni, nokukhiqizwa kwenyongo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-LFT kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokusebenza kwesibindi sekukonke futhi kungasiza ukuxilonga nokuqapha izifo zesibindi. 

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi?

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi ngokulinganisa ama-enzyme athile, amaprotheni, nezinye izinto. Amazinga aphezulu noma aphansi alokhu kuhlola anezimpawu zomtholampilo zizonke anganikeza imibono yembangela ewumsuka. Amapharamitha avame ukukalwa ekuhlolweni kwe-LFT afaka: 

• I-Alanine transaminase (ALT): Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-enzyme ye-ALT ukuguqula amaprotheni abe amandla kumaseli esibindi. Lapho isibindi sonakalisiwe, i-enzyme ye-ALT iqala ukuphumela egazini, futhi amazinga ayanda. Lokhu kuhlola kubizwa nangokuthi i-SGPT.
• I-Aspartate transaminase (AST): I-enzyme ye-AST isiza umzimba ukuba uphule ama-amino acid. Ukwenyuka kwamazinga e-AST kungase kubonise ukulimala kwesibindi, isifo sesibindi noma ukulimala kwemisipha. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubizwa nge-SGOT.
• I-Alkaline phosphatase (ALP): Amazinga aphezulu e-enzyme ye-ALP egazini angabonisa ukulimala kwesibindi noma izimo, njenge-bile duct evinjiwe, nezimo ezithile zamathambo, njengoba le enzyme ikhona futhi amathambo.
• Isamba se-bilirubin: I-Bilirubin iyisakhi esiphuzi esidalwa lapho amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ephuka. Iguduza esibindini futhi ishiye umzimba endle. Ngakho-ke, lapho i-bilirubin ikhuphuka, kuwuphawu lokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle esibindini noma kwezinye izitho zomzimba. 
• I-Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): Amazinga aphezulu e-LDH angase abonise ukulimala kwesibindi. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimo zingase zibangele amazinga aphezulu kune-LDH evamile.
• Ingqikithi yamazinga amaprotheni nama-albumin: Isibindi sikhiqiza amaprotheni amaningana, kuhlanganise ne-albumin. Amazinga e-albumin aphansi kunokuvamile kanye nengqikithi yamaprotheni angase asho ukulimala kwesibindi, izifo, kanye amathumbu kanye nezimo ezihlobene nezinso.

Inhloso Yokuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwesibindi

Inhloso eyinhloko ye-LFT ukuhlola ukuthi isibindi sakho sisebenza kahle kangakanani. Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ukuxilonga izifo zesibindi, njenge isifo sofuba, i-cirrhosis, nesifo sesibindi esinamafutha. Odokotela bathembele emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwegazi ye-LFT ukuze baqondise izinqumo zokwelashwa, bahlole impendulo yokwelashwa, futhi baqaphe impilo yesibindi iyonke. Ukwengeza, ama-LFT angasiza ekutholeni nokuqapha imiphumela emibi yemithi ethile engase ithinte ukusebenza kwesibindi.

Kudingeka Nini Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwesibindi?

• Udokotela anga-oda ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi uma kunezimpawu noma izimpawu zokugula kwesibindi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukukhathala, jaundice (ukuba phuzi kwesikhumba namehlo), umchamo omnyama, indle ephaphathekile, ubuhlungu besisu, nokuncipha kwesisindo ngendlela engaqondakali. 
• Ama-LFT nawo avamise ukwenziwa njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini enkulu yezifo zesibindi, njengalabo abanomlando wokusebenzisa kabi utshwala, i-viral hepatitis, noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile. 
• Uma unesifo sesibindi, udokotela wakho angase asebenzise ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi (LFTs) ukuze alandelele ukuthi lesi sifo siqhubeka kanjani noma abone ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle yini. 
• Udokotela wakho angase futhi aphakamise ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-LFT ukuze kuqashwe imiphumela emibi yemithi ethile eyaziwa ukuthi ithinta isibindi sakho. 

Kwenzekani Ngesikhathi Sokuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwesibindi?

Ngesikhathi se-LFT, uchwepheshe waselabhorethri uzokhipha isampula yegazi elincane emthanjeni osengalweni yakho futhi alithumele elabhorethri ukuze ahlaziywe okwengeziwe. Uma ukuhlaziya sekuqediwe, udokotela wakho uzobuyekeza futhi axoxe ngemiphumela nawe. Ngokuya ngokutholakele, udokotela angase atuse ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma ukwelashwa. 

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-LFT Test 

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi kufeza izinhloso eziningi ekuxilongeni nasekuqapheni izifo zesibindi. 

• Amazinga aphezulu e-ALT ne-AST angase abonise ukulimala kwesibindi, njenge-hepatitis noma i-cirrhosis. 
• Amazinga e-ALP angasiza ekuboneni ukuvinjelwa kwemigudu yenyongo noma izifo zesibindi ezithinta imigudu yenyongo. 
• Isamba samazinga e-bilirubin abalulekile ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwesibindi, njengoba amazinga aphezulu angase abonise ukungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi noma ukuvaleka. 
• Amazinga e-albumin asiza ukuqapha ukuqhubeka kwesifo sesibindi futhi ahlole isimo somsoco wesiguli.

Inqubo Yokuhlola Ukusebenza Kwesibindi

• Ukulungiselela: Ukuze ulungiselele i-LFT, udokotela wakho angase akweluleke ukuthi uzile ukudla isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Ukuzila ukudla kusiza ukuthola imiphumela enembayo, ikakhulukazi ekuhlolweni okulinganisa amazinga e-triglyceride. Kubalulekile ukulandela noma yimiphi imiyalelo enikeziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela ethembekile nephusile. 
• Ukudonswa kwegazi: Ngosuku lwenqubo yokuhlolwa, gqoka izingubo ezixegayo ukuze uvumele ukufinyelela kalula engalweni yakho ukuze kuqoqwe igazi. Bazohlanza indawo nge-antiseptic futhi bafake inaliti emthanjeni ukuze bakhiphe igazi. 
• Ukuqoqwa kwesampula: Uchwepheshe uzoqoqa amasampula egazi eshubhu elikhethekile, kuye ngokuhlolwa okuqondile okucelwe udokotela wakho. Elabhorethri, ochwepheshe bahlaziya amasampula egazi ukuze balinganise amazinga ezinto ezihlukahlukene.
• Yazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi eqhubekayo noma izithasiselo ezingase zithinte imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Isho Ukuthini Imiphumela Yokuhlola Ukusebenza Kwesibindi?

Odokotela ngokuvamile bahumusha imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi ngokuqhathanisa amanani alinganisiwe nobubanzi bereferensi obumisiwe. Uma imiphumela yokuhlola iwela phakathi kwebanga elivamile le-LFT, ngokuvamile libonisa ukuthi isibindi sisebenza ngendlela efanele. Nokho, imiphumela engavamile ingase ibonise isimo sesibindi esingaphansi, esifana nalokhu: 

• Amazinga e-ALT angavamile kanye ne-AST angase abonise ukuvuvukala kwesibindi noma ukulimala. 
• Amazinga e-ALP aphakeme angase abonise isifo sesibindi noma ukuphazamiseka kwamathambo. Amazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin angase abonise ukungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi noma ukuvaleka. 
• Amazinga aphansi e-albumin angase abonise isifo sesibindi noma ukungondleki kahle. 
• Amazinga aphezulu e-PT noma e-INR angase abonise ukungasebenzi kahle kokujiya kwegazi, okungabonisa ukulimala kwesibindi noma ukungasebenzi kahle.

Isho Ukuthini Imiphumela Engavamile

Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi iphakeme noma iphansi kunobubanzi obuvamile be-LFT, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ukuze aphinde ahlolwe. Imiphumela engavamile ingase ibonise izifo ezihlukahlukene zesibindi, njenge-viral hepatitis, isifo sesibindi esinamafutha angaphuzi, isifo sesibindi esidakayo, noma i-cirrhosis yesibindi. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kokuxilonga, njengezifundo ze-imaging (CT, MRI, noma ultrasound) noma i-biopsy yesibindi, kungase kudingeke ukuze kutholakale isizathu esiyisisekelo nobukhulu besifo sesibindi.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi kubalulekile ekuhloleni impilo yesibindi kanye nokuhlonza izifo zesibindi. Lokhu kuhlola kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokusebenza kwesibindi kukonke futhi kusiza odokotela benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokunakekelwa kwesiguli. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zesifo sesibindi noma unezici eziyingozi, kubalulekile ukuxoxa nodokotela wakho ukuthi i-LFT iyadingeka yini. Khumbula, ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokungenelela kwezokwelapha okufanele kungathuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yezifo zesibindi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Liyini izinga elijwayelekile lokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi?

Ububanzi obujwayelekile bemingcele yokuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi bungase buhluke kancane phakathi kwamalabhorethri ahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ububanzi bereferensi abamukelwa ngokuvamile bemingcele yokuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi bumi kanje:

• I-ALT: 7-55 U/L
• I-AST: 8-48 U/L
• I-ALP: 45-115 U/L
• Isamba se-bilirubin: 0.1-1.2 mg/dL
• I-albhamuin: 3.4-5.4 g/dL

2. Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi (LFT) ku-positive?

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi okuhle kubonisa imiphumela engavamile engaphakamisa ukulimala kwesibindi noma ukungasebenzi kahle. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale imbangela yangempela kanye nobukhulu besimo sesibindi.

3. Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi (LFT) kunegethivu?

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi okunegethivu kusho ukuthi imiphumela iwela phakathi kwevelu evamile, okubonisa ukuthi isibindi sisebenza kahle.

4. Yimaphi amapharamitha akalwa ekuhlolweni kokusebenza kwesibindi?

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi kukala amapharamitha ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-alanine transaminase (ALT), i-aspartate transaminase (AST), i-alkaline phosphatase (ALP), isamba se-bilirubin, namazinga e-albumin.

5. Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwenza?

Inqubo yokuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi ngokwayo ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Nokho, imiphumela ingase ithathe izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuba itholakale, kuye ngokuhlolwa okwenziwe kanye nesikhathi sokushintsha ilabhorethri.

6. Ingabe i-LFT ingakwazi ukubona isibindi esinamafutha?

Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi kukodwa akukwazi ukuqinisekisa ubukhona besifo sesibindi esinamafutha. Kodwa-ke, ama-enzyme esibindi aphakeme, njenge-ALT ne-AST, angase abonise ukulimala kwesibindi ngenxa yesifo sesibindi esinamafutha. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, okufana nezifundo ze-imaging noma i-biopsy yesibindi, kungase kudingeke ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okuqondile.