Emzimbeni womuntu, i-lipids yakhiwe ngamafutha acid namanye amakhemikhali. Njengoba akha izingxenye zamahomoni nolwelwesi lwamangqamuzana, anikeza i-cushioning, futhi asebenza njengendawo yokugcina amandla, ama-lipids awawonakali ngokuphelele emzimbeni; empeleni, zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwazo okufanele. Kodwa-ke, ukweqisa kwezinhlobo ezithile ze-lipids kungaba yingozi empilweni yomuntu, ikakhulukazi impilo yenhliziyo. Imizimba yethu iqukethe izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-lipids, ezingalinganiswa ngokuhlolwa kwephrofayili ye-lipid. 

Iyini i-Lipid Panel?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwaziwa ngokuthi 'i-lipid panel' kulinganisa amazinga amafutha athile egazini, aziwa ngokuthi 'ama-lipids.' Iphaneli ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-triglycerides kanye nezine ezihlukene izilinganiso ze-cholesterol. Iphaneli ye-lipid nayo ibizwa nge-'Lipid Profile,' 'Cholesterol Panel,' 'Coronary Risk Panel,' noma 'Lipid Test'.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezinhlanu ku-Lipid Panel?

Ukuhlolwa kwephrofayili ye-lipid kuhlaziya isampula yegazi lezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezihlukene ze-lipid. Ukuhlolwa kwephrofayili ye-lipid kuhlanganisa okulandelayo:

• I-Cholesterol Ephelele - Isamba samazinga e-cholesterol e-LDL, i-VLDL, ne-HDL yomuntu siqu sakha izinga lawo eliphelele le-cholesterol.
• I-cholesterol ephansi ye-low density lipoprotein (LDL) - Ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi 'i-cholesterol embi,' ukunqwabelana kwe-LDL egazini kungase kwandise amathuba okuba umuntu athuthuke. isifo senhliziyo.
• I-cholesterol ephansi kakhulu ye-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) - Lolu hlobo oluthile lwe-cholesterol luvame ukutholakala ngamanani amancane kumasampula egazi lokuzila ukudla, njengoba ngokuyinhloko lusuka ekudleni okudliwe ngaphambilini. I-lipid metabolism engavamile ingaba nesibopho sokukhuphuka kwamazinga e-VLDL kusampula yokuzila ukudla.
• I-Triglycerides - Lawa wuhlobo lwamafutha atholakala ekudleni esikudlayo. Amazinga aphezulu e-triglyceride egazini ahlotshaniswa nesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye nokuvuvukala kwama-pancreas.
• I-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol - Ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi 'i-cholesterol enhle,' i-HDL isiza ekunciphiseni ukunqwabelana kwe-LDL emithanjeni yegazi.

Isetshenziselwa ini i-Lipid Panel?

Inhloso yokuhlolwa kwegazi kwephrofayili ye-Lipid ukukhomba izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene kanye nokuqapha impilo yenhliziyo yesiguli ngokuhlola amazinga aso e-cholesterol yegazi. I-cholesterol ephezulu ngokuvamile ayibonisi izimpawu ezisobala, okwenza ukuhlolwa kwephrofayili ye-lipid kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kutholakale kusenesikhathi amazinga e-lipid aphakeme angase abe nomthelela omubi empilweni yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Udokotela angancoma iphaneli ye-lipid ngezizathu ezilandelayo:

• Njengokuhlola okujwayelekile ukuze kutholwe ukuthi amazinga e-cholesterol yomuntu ajwayelekile yini noma uma ewela ezigabeni zengcuphe ephezulu, emaphakathi, noma emngceleni.
• Uma amazinga e-cholesterol omuntu ayengajwayelekile esivivinyweni sangaphambilini noma uma enokungeziwe izici engcupheni yesifo senhliziyo, ukuqapha njalo kuyatuswa.
• Ukugcina ithrekhi yokuthi umzimba usabela kanjani ekwelashweni, kanye noshintsho endleleni yokuphila, uma ikhona.
• Amaphrofayili e-Lipid angasiza futhi ekuhlonzeni izimo zezokwelapha ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nesifo sesibindi.

Ubani odinga Ukuhlolwa Kwephrofayili Ye-Lipid?

Ngokuvamile, amadoda nabesifazane abaneminyaka ephakathi kuka-45 no-65 kufanele bathole ukuhlolwa kwephaneli ye-lipid njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu ngaphambi kokuba bahlanganise iminyaka engu-65, futhi njalo ngonyaka ngemva kwalokho. Ukuhlolwa kwesikrini se-lipid kufanele futhi kwenziwe kumuntu ngamunye uma:

• Bhema osikilidi.
• Ingabe ukhuluphele noma ukhuluphele.
• Ungazibandakanyi nokuzivocavoca okwanele.
• Yiba nesifo sikashukela noma i-prediabetes.
• Yiba nomfutho wegazi ophezulu.
• Yiba nesihlobo se-degree yokuqala, njengomzali noma ingane yakini, owaba nesifo senhliziyo esisanda kuqala.

Ukuhlolwa kwephrofayili ye-lipid kungase kudingeke nasezinganeni njengoba zingase zibe namazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol. Amazinga e-cholesterol ezingane athonywa izici ezintathu: ufuzo, ukudla, nokukhuluphala. Izingane ezine-cholesterol ephezulu zivame ukuba nabazali abane-cholesterol ephezulu.

Izinqubo Zokuhlolwa Kwephrofayili Ye-Lipid

Ukuhlolwa kwephrofayili ye-lipid, okwaziwa nangokuthi iphaneli ye-lipid noma ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulinganisa amazinga ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-lipids (amafutha) egazini lakho. Lawa mafutha ahlanganisa i-cholesterol, i-triglycerides, i-high-density lipoprotein (HDL), kanye ne-low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Nazi ezinye izinqubo ezihilelekile ekuhloleni iphrofayili ye-lipid:

• Ukulungiselela:
  • Imvamisa, ukuzila ukudla amahora angama-9-12 kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokuhlolwa ukuthola imiphumela enembile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akukho kudla noma isiphuzo, ngaphandle kwamanzi, okufanele kudliwe ngalesi sikhathi sokuzila.
  • Yazisa umhlinzeki wezempilo mayelana nanoma yimiphi imithi noma izithasiselo ozithathayo, njengoba imithi ethile ingathinta amazinga e-lipid.
• Ukuqoqwa Kwesampula:
  • Uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ngokuvamile umhlengikazi noma i-phlebotomist, uzoqoqa isampula yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho esebenzisa inaliti kanye nesirinji noma i-vacutainer.
• Icubungula isampula:
  • Isampula yegazi libe selidluliselwa eshubhuni yokuhlola noma ibhodlela, eliqukethe i-anticoagulant ukuvimbela ukujiyisa.
  • Isampula lingase libe yi-centrifuged ukuze lihlukanise i-plasma noma i-serum kumaseli egazi.
• Ukuhlaziywa:
  • I-plasma ehlukanisiwe noma i-serum ibe-ke ihlaziywa elabhorethri kusetshenziswa izindlela ezizenzakalelayo noma ezenziwa ngesandla.
  • Izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zephrofayili ye-lipid, kuhlanganise ne-cholesterol ephelele, i-cholesterol ye-HDL, i-cholesterol ye-LDL, ne-triglycerides, iyalinganiswa.
• Ukuhunyushwa Kwemiphumela:
  • Uma ukuhlaziya sekuqediwe, imiphumela ihunyushwa ngokuyiqhathanisa namabanga ereferensi amisiwe.
  • Imiphumela ngokuvamile ibikwa ngama-milligram ngedesilitha ngayinye (mg/dL) noma ama-millimoles ilitha (mmol/L) engxenyeni ngayinye ye-lipid.
• Ukubonisana:
  • Umhlinzeki wezempilo uxoxa ngemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwephrofayili ye-lipid nesiguli.
  • Kuye ngemiphumela, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe noma ukuphathwa, okufana nokuguqulwa kwendlela yokuphila noma imithi, kungase kunconywe ukuphatha amazinga e-lipid nokunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
• Landelela:
  • Iziguli ezinamazinga e-lipid angavamile zingadinga ukuqapha njalo nokuhlolwa kokulandelela ukuze kuhlolwe ukuphumelela kokwelashwa nokwenza izinguquko njengoba kudingeka.

Kwenziwa kanjani Ukuhlolwa Kwephrofayili Ye-Lipid?

Ukuhlolwa kwephrofayili ye-lipid ukuhlola igazi lapho isisebenzi saselabhu sisonga ibhande lokunwebeka engalweni engenhla yesiguli bese sisiyala ukuba senze isibhakela esiza imithambo ibonakale kakhudlwana. Ngaphambi kokufaka inaliti, isikhumba esizungeze umthambo siyahlanzwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka. Igazi libe selidonswa ngesirinji, bese isampula lithunyelwa elebhu ukuze lihlaziywe. Iziguli zivame ukutuswa ukuthi zizile ukudla okungenani amahora angu-8 ngaphambi kokuthatha isampula yegazi. Yonke inqubo ngokuvamile ithatha cishe imizuzu emihlanu, futhi imiphumela yokuhlola ngokuvamile ifika phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-1-2.

Yini ethathwa njengobubanzi obujwayelekile?

Uma amazinga e-cholesterol omuntu ephezulu kakhulu noma ephansi kakhulu, angase abe sengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo senhliziyo noma unhlangothi. Udokotela uzocabangela izici ezifana nesisindo sesiguli, izinga lokunyakazisa umzimba, nomlando womndeni lapho ehlola le ngozi. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa ingajwayelekile, udokotela angase futhi anikeze ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuhlolwe isifo sikashukela.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlola ingozi yomuntu yokuba nesifo senhliziyo, ukuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol kungakala amazinga e-cholesterol nama-lipids egazini labo. Kunconywa ukuthi abantu abadala abanempilo kufanele bahlole amazinga abo e-cholesterol okungenani kanye njalo eminyakeni emihlanu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanomlando womndeni we-cholesterol ephezulu noma labo abasengcupheni ephakeme yokuba nesifo senhliziyo kufanele bahlole amazinga abo e-cholesterol kaningi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Lithini izinga lokuhlolwa kwephrofayili ye-lipid Ezibhedlela ze-CARE? 

Izimpendulo. Izindleko zokuhlolwa kwephrofayili ye-Lipid ezibhedlela ze-CARE ngokuvamile zisuka ku-Rs 500 ziye ku-Rs 1500.

2. Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwephrofayili ye-lipid kudinga ukuzila ukudla? 

Izimpendulo. Ngokuvamile, isikhathi sokuzila ukudla sokuhlolwa kwephrofayili ye-lipid samahora ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12 siyelulekwa ukuze kuhlolwe iphrofayili ye-lipid, kuvunyelwe amanzi okuphuza. 

3. Ingabe ukuvinjelwa kungatholwa ngephrofayili ye-lipid? 

Izimpendulo. Yebo, ukuhlolwa kwephrofayili ye-lipid kungasiza ekuboneni ubungozi bokukhula kwediphozithi yamafutha emithanjeni, okungaholela emithanjeni evalekile noma eminyanisiwe kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Izikhombo:
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/17176-lipid-panel
https://www.verywellhealth.com/getting-your-cholesterol-checked-697547
https://www.healthline.com/health/cholesterol-test#whats-measured