Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okuxilonga okusetshenziswa esikhumbeni ukuxilongwa kwesifo sofuba (TB). Kwaziwa nangokuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-Pirquet noma ukuhlolwa kokuzwela kwe-tuberculin (TST). Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux kusiza ukuhlola impendulo ye-immunological evezwa esikhumbeni lapho isiguli sichayeke emagciwaneni aphethe isifo sofuba. Isifo sofuba isifo esiyingozi esibangelwa amagciwane esithinta amaphaphu futhi singathinta nobuchopho, izinso nomgogodla. Sisakazeka ngokukhwehlela, ukuthimula, kanye nesitho esinikelwe ngumuntu osenegciwane kakade.

Abantu abaningi abangenwe isifo sofuba abaziboni izimpawu ngoba amagciwane angase athule. Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi "ukutheleleka kwe-TB equbisile." Abanye abantu bangase babe nesifo sofuba esisebenzayo ngenxa yokutheleleka nge-TB equbisile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux kusiza ukuthola ukuthi umuntu ungenwe yini amagciwane esifo sofuba.

Kufanele ngithole nini ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux kungase kunconywe umhlinzeki wezempilo uma:

• Umuntu ubonisa izimpawu zesifo sofuba esisebenzayo
• Umuntu usengcupheni yokuba nesifo sofuba
• Umuntu oseke wahlangana nomuntu osenegciwane engazi
• Umuntu unesimo sezempilo esenza buthaka isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni (i-immuno-compromised individuals)
• Umuntu osanda kuhambela isifunda lapho isifo sofuba sigcwele khona.

Inqubo yokuhlolwa kokuzwela kwe-Mantoux/Tuberculin (TST)

Inqubo yokuhlola i-Mantoux ivamise ukuphathwa i-phlebotomist, ejova inani elincane leprotheyini elikhishwe kumagciwane afile esifo sofuba ngaphansi kongqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba engalweni. Inalithi elahlwayo eyinyumba isetshenziselwa le njongo. Ngaphambi kokufaka inaliti, indawo ivalwa kahle ukuze kuvinjwe noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka noma ukutheleleka.

Ngemuva komjovo, iqhubu lingavela endaweni yomjovo, elinganyamalala phakathi nemizuzu engama-20. Iqhubu elincane lingakhula kancane kancane endaweni yomjovo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezizayo. Kubalulekile ukuvakashela umtholampilo kadokotela noma umhlinzeki wezempilo oqinisekisiwe ukuze ahlolwe isigaxa. Ubukhulu besigaxa budinga ukukalwa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi umuntu unesifo sofuba yini.

Ngicela uqaphele:

• Unganwayi noma uhlikihle indawo yomjovo.
• Ungasivali indawo yesigaxa.
• Uma ama-blister ekhula, sebenzisa i-compress epholile.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Mantoux / Tuberculin Sensitivity Test (TST)

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux kwenziwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi umuntu unesifo sofuba esicashile yini. Ngokuvamile kunconywa kubasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngaphambi kokuba baqale ukusebenza endaweni ukunakekela impilo emkhakheni kanye nabantu abaye bavakashela izifunda lapho isifo sofuba sivame khona.

Ungasilungiselela kanjani i-Mantoux / Tuberculin Sensitivity Test (TST) 

Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux, kubalulekile ukwazisa udokotela noma umhlinzeki wezempilo uma:

• Kuke kwaba khona ukwelashwa kwangaphambilini kwesifo sofuba
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux kuye kwenziwa ngaphambili
• Kube nesiqephu se ukutheleleka ngegciwane phakathi nesonto eledlule ngaphambi kokuhlolwa
• Isiguli sine-immuno-compromised
• Isiguli sithatha noma yimiphi imithi ethinta amasosha omzimba
• Noma yimuphi umuthi wamukelwe phakathi nenyanga edlule ngaphambi kokuhlolwa

Kungani ukuhlolwa kwe-ESR kwenziwa

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ESR (i-erythrocyte sedimentation rate) ukuhlolwa kwegazi okungaqondile okukala izinga lapho amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ahlala khona ngaphansi kweshubhu esikhathini esibekiwe, ngokuvamile ihora elilodwa. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokubeka isampula yegazi eshubhuni elime mpo, futhi izinga le-sedimentation likalwa ngamamilimitha ngehora (mm/hr). Ukuhlolwa kwe-ESR akukona ukuhlola kokuxilonga ngokwako, kodwa kunganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile kochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo esimweni sokuhlolwa okubanzi komtholampilo.

Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani ukuhlolwa kwe-ESR kwenziwa zifaka:

• Ukutholwa Kokuvuvukala: I-ESR ivame ukusetshenziswa njengophawu lokuvuvukala emzimbeni. Ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zokuvuvukala, njengezifo, izifo ezizimele, kanye nomdlavuza othile, izinga lokuvuvukala lingabangela izinguquko kumaprotheni asegazini, okuholela ekukhuphukeni kwezinga lokuthuthumela.
• Ukuqapha Umsebenzi Wezifo: Ukuhlola kungase kusetshenziselwe ukuqapha ukuqhubeka noma umsebenzi wezimo ezithile ezivuvukalayo, njenge-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-temporal arteritis.
• Usizo Lokuxilonga: Nakuba i-ESR ingaqondile kunoma yisiphi isifo esithile, imiphumela engajwayelekile ingase ibangele uphenyo olwengeziwe futhi isize ochwepheshe bezokunakekelwa kwempilo banciphise izimbangela zezimpawu ezingaba khona.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokutheleleka: Kwezinye izimo, i-ESR ephakeme ingase ibonise ukuba khona kokutheleleka, nakuba ingaqondile kunoma yiluphi uhlobo oluthile lokutheleleka.

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux

Umphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux usekelwe ekuphenduleni komjovo esikhumbeni. Ukusabela kufanele kuhlolwe udokotela noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha phakathi namahora angu-48 kuya kwangu-72 womjovo. Isigaxa esakhiwe esikhumbeni kufanele silinganiswe esikalini samamilimitha ngaphandle kokucabangela ububomvu obuzungezile besikhumba. Isigaxa kufanele sikalwe ngaphesheya kwengalo. 

Ukuchazwa komphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux kuncike ezicini ezahlukahlukene ezifana nalezi:

• Iminyaka yesiguli
• Umlando wezokwelapha wesiguli
• Ukuthi kube khona ukutheleleka kwe-TB kwangaphambilini
• Ukuthi umuntu uwutholile yini umgomo we-BCG

Ukuhlukaniswa komphumela wokuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux

Nansi ireferensi yobubanzi obujwayelekile bokuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux.

Umphumela Omuhle Wokuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux kusho ukuchayeka kumagciwane e-TB kodwa akusho ukuthi umuntu une-TB ephilayo. Uma zingekho izimpawu ze-TB, kusho ukuthi umuntu okwamanje akekho engozini yokusabalalisa amagciwane, kodwa angase abe nesifo esikhathini esizayo. Isinqumo mayelana nokwelapha i-TB equbisile kufanele senziwe udokotela ongahlola izici zobungozi zomuntu zokuba ne-TB equlekile. Udokotela angase futhi atuse ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kokuxilonga ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-TB.

Umphumela Omubi Wokuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux

Umphumela ongemuhle ekuhlolweni kwesikhumba se-Mantoux uphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi lowo muntu uke wachayeka emagciwaneni esifo sofuba. Umphumela ongemuhle uhunyushwa lapho kungekho ukusabela kwesikhumba. Kodwa-ke, udokotela noma umhlinzeki wokunakekelwa kwezempilo angase atuse ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kugwenywe nakanjani isifo sofuba, ikakhulukazi uma kunezimpawu ze-TB.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlolwa kwesifo sofuba kanye nokuhlolwa kubalulekile empilweni nokuphepha komphakathi. Uma singelashwa, isifo sofuba singase sibulale. Kokubili isifo sofuba esisebenzayo nesicashile sidinga ukwelashwa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalala kanye nezinkinga kumuntu onegciwane.    

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa 

1. Kuyini ukuhlolwa okuhle kwe-Mantoux?

Ukuhlola i-Mantoux kungase kubonise ukuthi umuntu uke wachayeka kubhaktheriya we-TB futhi unohlobo olucashile lwe-TB.

2. Ubani odinga ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux kunganconywa kulabo aba: 

• Uhambile waya ezindaweni ezihlala njalo
• Uke wahlolelwa i-TB ngaphambilini
• Ingabe abasebenzi bezempilo abaqala emkhakheni wezokunakekelwa kwempilo
• Muva nje kuvezwe amagciwane
• Ingabe i-immunocompromised
• Ingabe amakhandidethi okuthola umgomo we-BCG

3. Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux kungabangela umkhuhlane?

Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthi uhlakulele imfiva ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux. Nokho, imiphumela emibi enjalo ayivamile. Lokhu kungaphathwa ngemithi ngaphansi kokuqondiswa nokuqondiswa udokotela.

4. Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwe-Mantoux kuqinisekisa i-TB?

Ukusabela okuhle noma okungalungile ekuhlolweni kwe-Mantoux kungase kubonise ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwebhaktheriya ye-TB, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isesimweni esisebenzayo noma esicashile. Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungase kunconywe ukuxilonga noma ukukhipha isifo sofuba.