Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap smear kuphakathi kwamathuluzi anamandla ezikhali zemithi yokulwa nomdlavuza. Lokhu kuhlola, kuhlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokuhlola njalo, kwehlise kakhulu izinga lokufa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ikleliswe endaweni yesine kwabafayo ngenxa yomdlavuza kwabesifazane emhlabeni wonke. Izindaba ezinhle? Ukuhlola okuvamile kungavimbela izimo eziningi.

Abesifazane abaningi bazizwa bekhululeke kakhudlwana ngokuhlolwa uma sebekwazi ukuthi kuhilelani. Ukuhlola kuthatha amaseli emlonyeni wesibeletho ukuze kubonakale noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingase zibe umdlavuza. Isiguli singase singaphatheki kahle kancane phakathi nenqubo, kodwa izinzuzo zaso azikho eduze nokungakhululeki esikubangelayo. 

Lesi sihloko sikuhambisa kuzo zonke izinyathelo zenqubo ye-pap smear. Uzofunda ngokulungiselela, ukuhlola, kanye nokuqonda imiphumela yakho - konke okudingekayo ukuze ulawule le ngxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwabesifazane.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-PAP Smear?

I-Pap smear (ebuye ibizwe ngokuthi i-Pap test) ibheka amaseli aqoqwe emlonyeni wakho wesibeletho ukuthola izinguquko ezingavamile ezingaholela kumdlavuza. Umlomo wesibeletho sakho uyingxenye engezansi, ewumngcingo yesibeletho sakho evulela esithweni sangasese. 

Ukuhlola izinkinga, odokotela bathatha inani elincane lamaseli emlonyeni wesibeletho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-PAP. Bacwaninga lawa maseli ngesibonakhulu ukuze bathole izimo eziyingozi, izimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza noma izifo. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kusebenza kahle nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV njengoba izinhlobo ezithile zaleli gciwane zibanga umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho omningi.

Kufanele Uthole Nini Ukuhlolwa Kwe-PAP Smear?

Iminyaka yakho yobudala kanye nomlando wezokwelapha unquma ukuthi kufanele ube nokuhlolwa komlomo wesibeletho kangaki:

• Iminyaka engu-21-29: Thola ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap njalo eminyakeni emi-3. Abesifazane abaneminyaka engu-25-29 bangakhetha ukuhlolwa i-HPV bodwa, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kusebenza kangcono njengoba izifo ze-HPV zivame ukuvela ngokwemvelo.
• Iminyaka engu-30-65: Ungakhetha eyodwa kwezintathu:
• Ukuhlolwa kwePap nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV ndawonye njalo eminyakeni emi-5
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap iyodwa njalo eminyakeni emi-3
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kukodwa njalo eminyakeni emi-5
• Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-65: Imiphumela evamile evamile ingase isho ukuthi awukudingi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze ukhethe okungcono kakhulu.

Izinto ezinobungozi njengomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho wangaphambilini, imiphumela ye-Pap engavamile, HIV, noma a amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka kungase kudinge ukuhlolwa okuvamile.

Kungani Ngidinga Ukuhlolwa Kwe-PAP Smear?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kuphakathi kwamathuluzi angcono kakhulu okuhlola umdlavuza esinawo namuhla. Ukuhlola okuvamile kukusiza ngokuthi:

• Ukubona amaseli angajwayelekile ngaphambi kokuba abe nomdlavuza
• Ukuthola umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kusenesikhathi lapho ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle
• Ukubonisa izimpawu zokutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala

Lokhu kuhlola okulula kubamba izinguquko eziyingozi zamaseli ngaphambi kokuba zibe umdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwehlise kakhulu ukufa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kusho izindlela zokwelapha ezilula ezisebenza kangcono.

Inqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-PAP Smear

Yonke le nqubo ithatha imizuzu nje, nakuba ukuvakasha kukadokotela wakho kuzoba isikhathi eside. 

Izinyathelo zenqubo zihlanganisa:

• Kuzodingeka ukhumule izingubo zakho ngezansi okhalo bese ulala etafuleni lokuhlola amadolo akho egobile nezithende ezisekelweni ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-stirrps. 
• Ukuze uthole umbono ocacile womlomo wakho wesibeletho, udokotela wakho usebenzisa i-speculum ukuze anwebe ngobumnene isitho sakho sangasese.
• Udokotela usebenzisa ibhulashi elithambile noma i-spatula ukuze aqoqe amaseli emlonyeni wakho wesibeletho. Ungase uzizwe ungakhululekile, kodwa akufanele uzwe ubuhlungu. Ilebhu ithola lawa maseli oketshezini olukhethekile ukuze luhlaziywe.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ahlole izitho zakho zokuzala ngokuhlolwa kwe-pelvic, nakuba kungezona zonke izivivinyo ze-pelvic ezihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap.

Ngisilungiselela Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Kwe-PAP Smear?

Imiphumela emihle kakhulu iza uma ulandela le mihlahlandlela emahoreni angama-48 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho:

• Bhukha i-aphoyintimenti yakho ngaphandle komjikelezo wakho wokuya esikhathini
• Yeqa ukuya ocansini
• Ungasebenzisi ama-tampon, okhilimu bangasese, imithi, amagwebu okulawula inzalo, ojeli, noma okothambisa
• Gwema ukudocha noma ezinye izihlambi zesitho sangasese sowesifazane

Yazisa udokotela wakho uma ukhulelwe, wake waba nokuhlolwa kwe-Pap okungavamile ngaphambilini, noma uqaphele izimpawu ezingavamile njengobuhlungu noma ukopha.

Isho Ukuthini Imiphumela Engavamile

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-Pap ihlanganisa:

• Okuvamile (okubi): Awekho amaseli angajwayelekile atholakele. Ungalinda kuze kube ukuhlolwa kwakho okulandelayo okuhleliwe.
• Akwenelisi: Igazi noma amafinyila kungenzeka afihle amaseli, noma abengekho amaseli anele. Uzodinga okunye ukuhlola ezinyangeni ezi-2-4.
• Okungajwayelekile (okukahle): Akuwona wonke amaseli angajwayelekile atholakele asho umdlavuza. Lezi yizinhlobo zemiphumela engavamile ongase uyibone:
  • I-ASC-US (amangqamuzana e-squamous avamile anokubaluleka okungakanqunywa): Ukutheleleka nge-HPV kuvame ukubangela lokhu kutholakala okungavamile okuvame kakhulu.
  • I-LSIL (izilonda ze-squamous intraepithelial zebanga eliphansi): I-HPV ingabangela izinguquko ezithambile zamangqamuzana ngokuvamile eziziphendulela ngokwazo.
  • I-HSIL (izilonda ze-squamous intraepithelial zebanga eliphezulu): Lokhu kuhilela izinguquko ezingathi sína kakhulu zamangqamuzana ezingase zidinge ukwelashwa ukuze kunqandwe umdlavuza.
  • I-AGC (amaseli e-glandular atypical): Izinguquko kumaseli ezindlala adinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Imiphumela eminingi engajwayelekile ayikhombisi umdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe njengokuhlolwa kwe-HPV, okunye ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap noma a umbala ukuhlola umlomo wakho wesibeletho eduze.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PAP smear kuwumgogodla wokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwabesifazane emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kuhlola okulula kuvikela umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho futhi kuthola izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe yingozi empilweni. Ukungaphatheki kahle okufushane phakathi nenqubo kubonakala kukuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinzuzo ezingaba khona ezisindisa ukuphila.

Abesifazane kufanele nakanjani bahlele ukuhlolwa kwabo ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yobudala kanye nezici zobungozi. Uhlelo olunconyiwe lweminyaka emithathu luvikela labo abaneminyaka engu-21-29, kuyilapho abesifazane abaneminyaka engu-30-65 benezinketho ezihlukene ezinikeza ukuvikeleka okwanele ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okungadingekile.

Ulwazi luqinisa isenzo. Ukuqonda kangcono ukuhlolwa kwe-PAP kunciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi kukhuthaze ukuhlolwa okuvamile. Lokhu kuqokwa kwemizuzu eyishumi nanhlanu njalo eminyakeni embalwa kungasindisa impilo yakho. Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho usalokhu uvikeleka kakhulu ngokuhlolwa okufanele - isizathu esinamandla sokubeka phambili lokhu kuhlolwa kwezempilo okubalulekile. Umuntu wakho wesikhathi esizayo uzosijabulela lesi senzo esilula sokuzinakekela.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kwenzekani uma i-PAP Smear iphezulu?

Umphumela "ophezulu" (ovame ukubizwa nge-high-grade SIL) ubonisa izinguquko ezibucayi zamaseli ezingaba umdlavuza ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzoncoma i-colposcopy ukuze uhlole umlomo wakho wesibeletho eduze. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukuqoqa amasampula ezicubu (i-biopsy) ukuhlola amangqamuzana angaphambi komdlavuza noma anomdlavuza.

2. Kwenzekani uma i-PAP Smear iphansi?

Izinguquko zezinga eliphansi (LSIL) zivame ukukhomba ukungajwayelekile okuncane okubangelwa ukutheleleka nge-HPV. Amasosha omzimba wakho ngokuvamile asusa lezi zinguquko ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho angase asikisele ukuqapha njalo esikhundleni sokwelashwa ngokushesha.

3. Liyini izinga elijwayelekile le-PAP Smear?

Umphumela ojwayelekile noma omubi ukhombisa ukuthi umlomo wakho wesibeletho awunawo amaseli angajwayelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungalinda kuze kufike ukuhlolwa kwakho okuhleliwe okulandelayo. Abantu abaningi badinga ukuhlolwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu ngokuhlolwa kwe-Pap iyodwa, noma njalo eminyakeni emihlanu ngemiphumela ye-HPV engemihle.

4. Ithini inkomba yokuhlolwa kwe-PAP Smear?

Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kanye nokutholwa kwezinguquko eziyingozi kusebenza njengenhloso enkulu uma unomlomo wesibeletho. Odokotela batusa ukuhlolwa okuvamile phakathi kweminyaka engu-21-65. Abantu abanemiphumela engajwayelekile noma izici ezinobungozi obukhulu bangase badinge ukuhlolwa okuvamile.

5. Ithatha isikhathi esingakanani imiphumela ye-Pap smear?

Imiphumela eminingi itholakala phakathi kwamaviki angu-1-3. Udokotela wakho uzoxhumana nawe ngemiphumela yakho, ikakhulukazi uma udinga ukunakekelwa kokulandelela. Khumbula ukubuza mayelana nezikhathi zemiphumela ezilindelekile phakathi nokuvakasha kwakho.

6. Yini okufanele ngiyigweme ngaphambi kokwenza i-Pap smear?

Amahora angu-48 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho akufanele afake:

• Ubulili
• Ama-tampons noma izinkomishi zokuya esikhathini
• Okhilimu bangasese, imithi noma okothambisa
• Ukugeza i-Douching noma i-vagin
• Ukuhlela ngesikhathi sakho

7. Yiziphi izifo ezingavezwa i-Pap smear?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap kuthola okungaphezu komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ingaveza:

• Izifo ze-HPV
• Amaseli anomdlavuza ashintsha
• Ukuvuvukala
• Ezinye izifo ezifana ne-yeast infections noma trichomonas
• Okungajwayelekile kweselula okudinga uphenyo olwengeziwe