Ukuhlolwa kwe-platelet count, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-PLT (i-platelet) ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga okulinganisa izinga inani lama-platelet akhona kusampula yegazi. Ama-platelet ayizingxenyana zamangqamuzana ayindilinga adlala indima ebalulekile ekujiyeleni igazi. Amazinga e-platelet angavamile, angaba phezulu kakhulu noma aphansi kakhulu, njengoba kuboniswa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokubalwa kweplatelet, angasikisela isimo sezempilo esicashile esithinta ukujiya kwegazi. Lokhu, futhi, kungaba nomthelela ongaqondile kwezinye izitho zomzimba nezitho. Ukwelashwa okufanele kungadingeka ukuze kulawulwe inani leplatelet.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-PLT? 

Ukuhlolwa kokubala kweplatelet kuhilela ukuhlola isampula yegazi elabhorethri ukuze kuhlolwe inani lamaplatelet akhona. Lolu lwazi luvumela odokotela ukuthi bahumushe inani langempela leplatelet emzimbeni. Ama-platelet abuye abizwe ngokuthi ama-thrombocyte, anesibopho sokugqugquzela ukujiya kwegazi nokumisa ukopha ekuphenduleni ukusikeka, imihuzuko, noma ukulimala kwangaphakathi. 

Isibalo esiphansi seplatelet sibonisa amaplatelet anele emzimbeni, okwenza kube inselele ngomzimba ukulawula ukopha kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani eliphakeme leplatelet elitholwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi lingaholela ekwakhekeni kwamahlule egazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Lawa mahlule angaphuma futhi ahambe aye ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene njengamaphaphu, amathumbu, ubuchopho, noma inhliziyo, okungase kubangele izimo zezokwelapha ezinzima.

Izinhlobo Zokuhlolwa Kweplatelet

Ukuhlolwa kwe-platelet ukuhlola kwaselabhorethri okusiza ukuhlola inombolo kanye nomsebenzi wamaplatelet egazini. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kweplatelet kufaka:

• I-Platelet Count: Lokhu kuhlola kukala inani lamaplatelet kumthamo wegazi onikeziwe. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yesibalo segazi eliphelele (CBC) futhi isiza ukuhlola ingozi yokopha noma ukuphazamiseka kwamahlule.
• I-Mean Platelet Volume (MPV): I-MPV ikala usayizi omaphakathi wamaplatelet. Izinguquko ku-MPV zingabonisa izimo ezihlukahlukene, njengokuphazamiseka kokukhiqizwa kwe-platelet noma ukwanda kokubhujiswa kwe-platelet.
• Ububanzi Bokusabalalisa I-Platelet (PDW): I-PDW ikala ububanzi bosayizi we-platelet kusampula yegazi. Inikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuhlukahluka kosayizi weplatelet, okungase kuhlotshaniswe nezimo ezithile zezokwelapha.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokuhlanganiswa Kwe-Platelet: Lokhu kuhlola okusebenzayo kuhlola ukuthi ama-platelet ahlangana kahle kangakanani ukuze akhe ihlule legazi. Kuyasiza ukuhlola ukusebenza kweplatelet futhi kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekuphenyeni ukuphazamiseka kwegazi noma ukuqapha imishanguzo ye-antiplatelet.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhathi Sokopha: Nakuba kungavamile ukusetshenziswa namuhla, lokhu kuhlola kulinganisa ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ukopha kume ngemva kokusikwa okuncane. Inikeza ulwazi mayelana nokusebenza kweplatelet futhi ingasiza ekuxilongeni ukuphazamiseka okuthile ukopha.
• I-Platelet Function Assay: Kukhona ukuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene ukuze kuhlolwe izici ezithile zokusebenza kweplatelet, okuhlanganisa i-aggregometry, i-flow cytometry, ne-PFA-100 (Platelet Function Analyzer-100). Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ukuhlola ukunamathela kweplatelet, ukwenziwa kusebenze, kanye nokuhlanganisa.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Platelet Antibody: Lokhu kuhlola kuthola amasosha omzimba ngokumelene nama-platelet futhi kuyasiza ekuxilongeni ukuphazamiseka kwe-immune-mediated okuthinta ama-platelet, njenge-idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).

Inhloso yokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-PLT

Injongo eyinhloko yokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-PLT ukuhlola ikhono lokujiyisa kwegazi kusetshenziswa isampula yegazi. Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kokubala kweplatelet kwenziwa njengengxenye yamaphaneli okuhlola aphelele njengokuhlolwa kwesibalo segazi esiphelele (CBC). Noma kunjalo, i-PLT isho ukuthi ekuhlolweni kwegazi kungenziwa ngokuzimela njengenqubo yokuhlola evamile. Udokotela angase atuse ukuhlolwa kokubala kweplatelet ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

• Ukubona ukuphazamiseka kwehlule legazi
• Ukuhlola ukusebenza kokujiya kwegazi ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuhlinzwa
• Ukuqapha abantu abathola ukwelashwa okukhethekile, okufana ne-blood thinner noma i-chemotherapy

Kwenziwa Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Platelet Count?

I-phlebotomist iqoqa isampula yegazi esigulini. Isampula yegazi elitholiwe libe selifakwa ebhodleleni bese lihlolwa elabhorethri kusetshenziswa umshini. Ngemizuzu emingaki, umshini unganikeza isibalo se-platelet nenani lamanye amangqamuzana egazi.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa kwe-PLT

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PLT, okusho ukubala kwe-Platelet, kuyingxenye yesibalo segazi eliphelele (CBC) futhi kusetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene zokuxilonga. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PLT kukala inani lamaplatelet kumthamo wegazi onikeziwe. Ama-platelet ayizingxenyana zamangqamuzana ezincane ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekujiyeleni igazi. Nazi ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kokuhlolwa kwe-PLT:

• Ukuhlolwa Kwezempilo Sekukonke: Ukuhlolwa kwe-PLT kuyingxenye evamile ye-CBC, ehlinzeka ngesifingqo sempilo yomuntu iyonke. Isiza abahlinzeki bezempilo ukuthi bakhombe izinkinga ezingaba khona njengokutheleleka, i-anemia, nokuphazamiseka kwegazi okuhlukahlukene.
• Ukuhlolwa Kokuphazamiseka Kokopha noma Ukuvala Igazi: Izibalo ezingavamile zeplatelet zingabonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukopha noma ukuphazamiseka kwe-clotting. Izibalo eziphansi zeplatelet (thrombocytopenia) zingase ziholele ekwandeni kokuthambekela ukopha, kuyilapho ukubala okuphezulu kweplatelet (thrombocytosis) kungaba nomthelela ekuhluleni ngokweqile.
• Ukuqapha Ukwelashwa Kwezokwelapha: Abantu abathola ukwelashwa okuthile, okufana ne-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy, bangathola izinguquko ekubalweni kwabo kweplatelet. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PLT kusiza ukuqapha lezi zinguquko futhi kuqondise ukulungiswa kokwelashwa uma kunesidingo.
• Ukuxilongwa Kwezinkinga Ze-Platelet: Ukuhlolwa kwe-PLT kubalulekile ekuhloleni izimo ezithinta ngokuqondile ama-platelet, njenge-immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) noma i-thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Lezi zimo zingaholela ekubalweni kweplatelet okungavamile.
• Ukuhlola Ngaphambi Kokuhlinzwa: Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa noma izinqubo zezokwelapha, abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwezempilo bangase ba-ode i-CBC ene-PLT ukuze ihlole impilo yomuntu iyonke kanye nekhono lokwenza amahlule egazi.
• Imithi Yokuqapha: Imithi ethile, njengaleyo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwegazi noma ukuvimbela ukuvala, ingaba nomthelela wokubala kweplatelet. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-PLT kusiza abahlinzeki bezempilo balungise imithamo yemithi njengoba kudingeka.
• Ukuhlola Izifo: Izinguquko ekubalweni kweplatelet zingabonisa izifo noma izimo ezingaphansi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PLT kubalulekile ekuhloleni nasekuhlonzeni izinkinga zezempilo ezingaba khona, okuvumela ukungenelela kusenesikhathi nokuphathwa.

Asho ukuthini amazinga okubalwa kwePlatelet aphezulu?

Ukubalwa kweplatelet ephezulu kungaba ngenxa yezifo, izinkinga zamasosha omzimba, izimo zofuzo ezithonya ukukhiqizwa kwe-platelet, kanye nomdlavuza ongase ube khona. 

Udokotela ukuncoma nini ukuhlolwa kwe-Platelet Count?

Udokotela angase atuse ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-platelet ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okujwayelekile ngokomzimba noma uma besola ukuthi isiguli siphethwe yikho mthombosia (isibalo esiphansi seplatelet) noma i-thrombocytosis (isibalo seplatelet ephezulu).

Yiziphi izimpawu ze-Low & High Platelet Count Levels?

Izimpawu zezibalo zeplatelet eziphakeme neziphansi ziyehluka ngokuya ngekhono lokujiyisa kwegazi. Empeleni, inani eliphansi leplatelet ekuhlolweni kwegazi lihlotshaniswa nokungakwazi ukujiyisa ngokuphumelelayo, okungase kuholele ezimpawini ezifana nalezi:

• Ukopha emakhaleni noma emlonyeni
• Ukopha isikhathi eside ngokungavamile ngemva kokulimala
• Ukubukeka kwamachashazi amancane abomvu noma ansomi esikhumbeni
• Ukopha kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini
• Ukukhipha igazi kanye nomchamo noma indle

Ukuba nenani eliphezulu leplatelet ekuhlolweni kwegazi kuhlobene nesimo sokujiya kwegazi ngokweqile, okungase kubangele izimpawu ezifana nalezi:

• Ukungabi namandla
• isiyezi
• ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elingachazeki
• Ukuluma ezandleni nasezinyaweni
• Ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu, ububele, nomuzwa ofudumele emaphethelweni
• Ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukudideka nokushintsha kwenkumbulo
• Fever

Platelet Count Test Imiphumela

Isibalo se-platelet esitholwe ekuhlolweni kwegazi kwe-PLT sichazwa kangcono udokotela, esebenzisa uhla lwereferensi olunikeziwe ekuhlolweni kweplatelet ethile. Izibalo zamaplatelet zingahluka phakathi kwabantu abahlukene; isibonelo, abesifazane bangase babonise izibalo ze-platelet ezihlukene kunabesilisa, futhi ngokufanayo, abantu abasha bangase babonise izibalo ze-platelet ezihlukene kunabadala. Ukuba nama-platelet angaphezu kokuvamile ekuhlolweni kokubala kweplatelet kwaziwa ngokuthi i-thrombocytosis, kuyilapho ukuba nama-platelet angaphansi kokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi i-thrombocytopenia.

Liyini Ibanga Elijwayelekile Lamazinga Okubalwa KwePlatelet?

Ibanga elijwayelekile lenani lama-platelet egazini liwela phakathi kuka-1,50,000 no-4,00,000 we-platelet nge-microliter ngayinye. Izibalo ezeqa le mikhawulo ephezulu nephansi zingahlukaniswa njengezibalo ze-PLT zokuhlolwa kwegazi okuphezulu noma okuphansi kweplatelet egazini.

Yini engabangela Amazinga Aphansi Naphezulu WePlatelet Count?

Ukuba namazinga aphakeme noma aphansi amaplatelet avamile kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene. Ezinye zezinto eziyingozi ezihambisana nenani eliphansi leplatelet zifaka:

• Imithi ethile
• Izimo ezithile zofuzo
• ukukhulelwa
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane noma amagciwane
• I-anemia ye-aplastic
• Amanye ama-cancer afana ne-lymphoma ne-leukemia
• Ubende obukhulisiwe
• Ukuphuza kakhulu utshwala

Ukwanda kwenani leplatelet kungase kubangelwe izici ezihlanganisa:

• Ukuntuleka kwe-iron noma i-hemolytic anemia
• Izifo ezithile zokuvuvukala
• Imidlavuza ethile
• Izimo zofuzo ezingavamile
• Ukulahlekelwa igazi kakhulu
• Ukuphazamiseka komnkantsha
• Ukusabela okubi emithini
• Umsebenzi womzimba

Ngenzenjani uma Nginamazinga Aphansi Naphezulu WePlatelet Count?

Isibalo esiphezulu se-platelet egazini singase singadingi ukwelashwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, njengoba amazinga ngokuvamile ebuyela kokujwayelekile uma isimo esiyisisekelo sesixazululiwe. Uma kukhona izimpawu ezikhona, odokotela bangazilawula njengoba belapha umnyombo. Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase baphakamise imithi ethile yokunciphisa amazinga e-platelet, ikakhulukazi uma izimpawu zixhunyaniswa ne-thrombocythemia ebalulekile. Uma amazinga e-platelet egazini eba phezulu ngendlela eyingozi, kungenziwa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-plateletpheresis ukuze kukhishwe ama-platelet.

Kubantu abanamazinga aphansi okuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-PLT, ukwelashwa kungase kungadingeki uma izimpawu zingekho noma zingezimbi kakhulu. Nokho, lapho izimpawu ezinzima zikhona, odokotela bangase batuse ukwelashwa kusetshenziswa imithi ethile ukuze kubhekwane nembangela ewumsuka. Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kwenani eliphansi leplatelet kungabandakanya:

• Ukushintshaniswa kwePlasma
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi noma iplatelet
• Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwe-spleen (splenectomy)

Isiphetho

Ama-platelet abalulekile ekuhlulekeni kwegazi, futhi ukungalingani-okuphezulu kakhulu noma okuphansi kakhulu-kungabangela izinkinga ezihlukahlukene. Odokotela abelaphayo bangase batuse ukungenelela okufanele ukuze kubhekwane nezimbangela eziwumsuka futhi ekugcineni kuxazululwe izimo zokubalwa kweplatelet ephezulu noma ephansi egazini.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Yiziphi izindleko zokuhlolwa kwesibalo seplatelet?

Izimpendulo. Izindleko zokuhlolwa kwesibalo seplatelet zingahluka kuye ngelebhu nedolobha lapho ukuhlolwa kwenziwa khona kodwa zingasukela noma kuphi phakathi kwama-Rs. 50 kanye nama-Rs. 200.

2. Yiliphi izinga lama-platelet elibhekwa njengengozi?

Izimpendulo. Ukuba nenani leplatelet eliphansi kakhulu, elingaphansi kuka-20,000, kungaba yingozi njengoba kungabangela ukopha kwangaphakathi.

Izikhombo:
https://www.testing.com/tests/platelet-count/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/21782-platelet-count#:~:text=A%20 platelet%20account%20is%20a,for%20blood%20 clots%20 or%20 stroke.