I-Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) Blood Test ikala izinga lokuhlukahluka kwevolumu nosayizi wamaseli abomvu egazi. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ayadingeka ukuze athuthe umoya-mpilo usuka emaphashini awuyise kuzo zonke izifunda zomzimba. Ububanzi beseli elibomvu legazi noma ukufundwa kwevolumu okuwela ngaphandle kobubanzi obujwayelekile kuphakamisa inkinga engaba khona ngomsebenzi webhayoloji, okungase kube nomthelela ekutheni umoya-mpilo ufinyelela kahle kangakanani ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomzimba. Umuntu angase abe ne-RDW evamile, noma kunjalo, enezinkinga eziningana. Ububanzi bamangqamuzana abomvu egazi buhlala bungama-micrometres ayi-6 kuye kwayi-8 (µm). I-RDW ephakeme ihlotshaniswa nebanga elibanzi losayizi.

Ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi anezinga eliphawulekayo lokushintshashintsha kosayizi kungase kubonise i-anemia. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi angenampilo awanele ukuthwala umoya-mpilo uye ezithweni zomzimba wakho, okuyi-a uphawu lwe-anemia. Udokotela angase asebenzise ukuhlolwa kwelebhu okuhlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa igazi lokuhlola i-RDW, ukuze abone i-anemia noma okunye ukuphazamiseka.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-RDW?

Ukuhluka kosayizi wamaseli abomvu egazi (RBCs) ngaphakathi kwesampula yegazi kulinganiswa ngegama elithi "red cell distribution wide" (RDW). Ukuhlolwa kwe-RDW kulinganisa izinhlobonhlobo zamasayizi e-RBC kusampula yegazi. I-anemia ukuphazamiseka lapho kungekho khona ama-RBC anempilo ngokwanele ukuthutha umoya-mpilo okwanele kuwo wonke umzimba. Ukuze kuhlonzwe futhi kutholwe isizathu sokuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni, ukuhlolwa kwe-RDW kwenziwa kanye nokunye ukuhlola. I-RDW embikweni wegazi iyingxenye yesibalo segazi eliphelele (CBC), ukuhlolwa okuvamile okusetshenziselwa ukukhomba nokulandelela izinhlobonhlobo zezifo zezokwelapha.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-RDW kungase kube usizo ekuboneni iziyaluyalu ezingase ziholele ku-anemia, njenge:

• Ukushoda kwensimbi
• Isifo sezinso
• Isifo sesibindi
• Vitamin B12 noma ukuntuleka kwe-folate
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Cancer
• I-Thalassemia, isifo segazi esitholakala ngofuzo

Kufanele ngikuthole nini lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi le-RDW?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-RDW kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlola abantu abanempilo enhle kanye nokuhlola izifo ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa i-anemia. Kwaziwa nangokuthi i-RDW-SD (ukuhlolwa kokuchezuka okujwayelekile) noma ububanzi bokusabalalisa i-erythrocyte. Uma isiguli sinezimpawu ezihlobene ne-anemia noma isifo esihambisana ne-anemia, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-RDW kungasiza udokotela ekuxilongeni okunembe kakhudlwana.

Ngokuya ngesimo sezempilo esiwumsuka noma ukugula, izimpawu ze-anemia zingasukela kokuthambile kuye kokuqina. I-anemia emaphakathi ingavela ngokuzumayo, ikhule kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma ingabonisi zimpawu nhlobo. Okulandelayo izimpawu ezimbalwa eziyisixwayiso zangaphambi kwesikhathi noma ezimaphakathi ze-anemia ezingase zenze udokotela acele ukuhlolwa kwe-RDW:

• Ukuphathwa yikhanda
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
• Ukuzizwa ubuthakathaka ikakhulukazi noma ukukhathala, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuzivocavoca
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukushoshozela ezandleni kanye/noma ezinyaweni
• Ukucasuka noma umuzwa wokuyaluza
• Ubunzima bokugxila noma ukucabanga

Izinkomba ezengeziwe nezimpawu ze-anemia zingabandakanya:

• Ukuzwa udizizi
• Izipikili eziphukile
• Izilonda zomlomo
• Ukuphelelwa umoya ngisho nangesikhathi semisebenzi elula
• Isikhumba esiphaphathekile ngokungajwayelekile
• Ulimi olubomvu ngokungavamile noma okungenzeka lulume
• Isifiso sokudla izinto ezingezona ukudla njengeqhwa, ukungcola, noma ezinye izinto
• Ubuluhlaza kancane emehlweni amhlophe.

Imikhawulo ye-RDW Blood Test

Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwe-RDW kunganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zezempilo, futhi kunemikhawulo yakho:

• Okungacaciswanga: I-RDW iyodwa ayikona ukuxilonga noma yisiphi isifo noma isimo esithile. Isebenza njengenkomba evamile yokuhluka kosayizi wamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ukuhlola okwengeziwe nokuhlolwa komtholampilo ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlonzwe imbangela eyinhloko yemiphumela ye-RDW engavamile.
• Ulwazi Olukhawulelwe: I-RDW ayinikezi isithombe esiphelele sempilo iyonke. Igxila ngokukhethekile ekuhlukeni kosayizi wamangqamuzana egazi abomvu futhi ayihloli ezinye izici zempilo yegazi noma ezinye izinhlelo zomzimba.
• Okungenzeka Okuhle Ngamanga/Okubi: Amazinga e-RDW angathonywa izici ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nemithi ethile, ukumpontshelwa igazi kwakamuva, kanye nokuntuleka kokudla. Ukwengeza, amazinga e-RDW avamile awakhiphi ukuba khona kwezimo ezithile zempilo, futhi amazinga e-RDW angavamile awabonisi isifo esithile.
• Izinselele Zokutolika: Ukutolika imiphumela ye-RDW kungase kube nzima, ikakhulukazi uma lungekho olunye ulwazi lomtholampilo. I-RDW ephezulu ingase ibonise izimo eziningana, kuhlanganise ne-anemia, ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco, izifo ezingapheli, noma ukuphazamiseka komnkantsha, phakathi kokunye. Ngokuphambene, i-RDW evamile ayizibandakanyi lezi zimo.

Inqubo yokuhlolwa kwegazi le-RDW

Inqubo izofana neqoqo legazi elijwayelekile.

• Indawo engcono kakhulu yokudonsa igazi izonqunywa yi- ochwepheshe bezokwelapha; ngokuvamile, lokhu ku-crook yengalo noma ngemuva kwesandla. Indawo lapho inaliti izofakwa khona izohlanzwa futhi ivalwe amagciwane.
• Ukuze uvimbele ukugeleza kwegazi engalweni nokwenza umthambo ube lula ukuwubona ngeso lengqondo futhi ufinyelele kuwo, udokotela uzofaka ibhande lokunwebeka engalweni ngaphezu kwendawo yomjovo.
• Isampula izotholwa udokotela okhona. Lapho kufakwa inaliti, isiguli singase sizizwe sihlaba noma sicindezeleka. Ibhodlela eliqukethe isampula yegazi lizoxhunywa yenaliti.
• Uma igazi elanele seliqoqiwe, inaliti izokhishwa, futhi noma yikuphi ukopha kuzolawulwa ngokubopha indawo yomjovo.

Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-RDW

Ukuhlolwa kwe-RDW kungasiza odokotela ekutholeni uhlobo lwe-anemia isiguli esingaba nayo uma siyisola. Ukuhlolwa kwe-RDW kuvame ukusebenza njenge- ingxenye ye-CBC, ukuhlola okuhlola zonke izingxenye zegazi, okuhlanganisa i- haemoglobin, amaplatelet, namangqamuzana egazi amhlophe. Odokotela bangafunda kabanzi mayelana nezimbangela ezingenzeka ze-anemia nge-CBC. Kungase kube usizo ekuxilongweni kwezinye izimo zezokwelapha eziningana, njenge:

• Diabetes
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Isifo sesibindi
• Cancer
• I-Thalassemia (isimo segazi sofuzo esehlisa amazinga e-hemoglobin)

Umuntu angase adinge i-CBC uma ehlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo:

• Izimpawu ze-anemia njengobuthakathaka, ibala eliphaphathekile, nokuba nekhanda elilula.
• Ukudla okungenawo amaminerali afana ne-iron, uvithamini B12, noma amanye.
• Umlando womndeni wezifo zegazi, njenge-thalassemia noma i-sickle cell anemia.
• Izimo ezingalapheki njenge-Crohn's disease, i-HIV, noma isifo sikashukela.
• Ukopha okukhulu ngemva kokuhlinzwa noma ukulimala.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-CBC kungase kubonise i-anemia uma imiphumela ibonisa amazinga aphansi e-hemoglobin noma amangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ngemva kwalokho, besebenzisa i-RDW nezinye izivivinyo, odokotela bazama ukuhlonza inkinga.

Ukulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-RDW?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-RDW akudingi ukulungiswa okwengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela enqume ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwengeziwe kanye ne-RDW, isiguli singase sidinge ukuzila ukudla ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Udokotela uzobazisa kusengaphambili ngalokhu kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izidingo.

Yiziphi izingozi zokuhlolwa kwegazi le-RDW?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-RDW ngokwako kuyinqubo enobungozi obuncane, efana nokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi okujwayelekile. Izingozi ezihlobene nokuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-RDW zincane futhi ngokuyinhloko zibandakanya izingozi ezivamile ezihlobene nanoma yikuphi ukudonsa kwegazi. Lezi zingozi zingabandakanya:

• Ubuhlungu noma Ukungakhululeki: Abanye abantu bangase bezwe ubuhlungu obuncane, ukungakhululeki, noma imihuzuko endaweni lapho kukhishwa khona igazi. Lokhu ngokuvamile kungokwesikhashana futhi kuxazululwa ngokushesha.
• Ukopha noma I-Hematoma: Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukopha kakhulu noma ukwakheka kwe-hematoma (iqoqo legazi lendawo ngaphandle kwemithambo yegazi) kungenzeka endaweni yokudonsa igazi. Le ngozi iphezulu kubantu abanenkinga yokopha noma labo abathatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi.
• Ukutheleleka: Nakuba izindlela zesimanje zokuqoqwa kwegazi kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezingenalutho zinciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka, kusenengozi encane kakhulu yokutheleleka endaweni okuqoqwa kuyo igazi. Le ngozi iphinde yehliswe ngokulandela izimiso ezifanele zenhlanzeko nokuvala inzalo.
• Ukuquleka noma Ukuba Nekhanda Elikhanyayo: Abanye abantu bangase bazizwe bequleka, benesiyezi, noma banekhanda elikhanyayo phakathi noma ngemva kokudonsa igazi. Lokhu ngokuvamile kungokwesikhashana futhi kungancishiswa ngokulala phansi phakathi nenqubo nokugwema ukunyakaza okungazelelwe ngemva kwalokho.

Amanani emiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi le-RDW

I-RDW embikweni wegazi, okala izinga lokuguquguquka kusayizi we-RBC, ivamise ukuvezwa njengephesenti. Ngokuqhathanisa umphumela we-RDW nohlu lwereferensi (uhlu lwamanani oluchazwe indawo yokuhlola njengamazinga e-RDW abikezelwe kumuntu ophile kahle), umphumela we-RDW ungaqondwa.

• Umphumela Ojwayelekile: Uma umphumela ujwayelekile, kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anosayizi ofanayo. I-RDW evamile ngokuvamile iwela phakathi kwebanga elingu-11.5% ukuya ku-14.5%, kodwa leli nani lingahluka kuye ngelebhu eyenza ukuhlola.
• I-RDW ephezulu - Amazinga aphezulu egazi le-RDW (ububanzi bokusabalalisa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu) abonisa ukuthi ukuhluka kosayizi wamaseli abomvu egazi kukhulu kunalokho okubhekwa njengokujwayelekile. I-RDW ephezulu ekuhlolweni kwegazi ingase ibonise i-anemia noma ukugula okuhlobene.
• I-RDW ephansi - I-RDW ephansi (ngaphansi kuka-10.2%) ekuhlolweni kwegazi kwe-RBC (ingqamuzana elibomvu legazi) ngokuvamile akuyona imbangela ye-alamu futhi ayixhunyanisiwe ngokuqondile nanoma yiziphi izinhlobo ezithile ze-anemia.

iziphetho

Amazinga aphezulu e-RDW ekuhlolweni kwegazi angabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kuyatuseka ukufuna ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuphelele kudokotela ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinqumo ezisheshayo. Ngokungenelela kwezokwelapha okusheshayo nokufanelekile, kungenzeka ukuphatha amazinga e-RDW.

CARE Izibhedlela iyisikhungo sokunakekelwa kwezempilo esihamba phambili ezweni esihlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zaselabhorethri ezithuthukisiwe ezinohlu olubanzi lokuhlola ukuhlonza, okuhlanganisa nokuhlolwa kwe-RDW. Ilebhu yethu ifakwe izinto zokusebenza zesimanje futhi inabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe ukuze baqinisekise imiphumela enembile nethembekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa kwe-RDW nanoma yikuphi okunye ukuhlola, ungakufinyelela kalula ezibhedlela ze-CARE.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kusho ukuthini izinga eliphezulu legazi le-RDW?

Izimpendulo. Ivolumu ephezulu yamangqamuzana egazi abomvu (RDW) ikhombisa i-anemia noma isimo sezempilo esingaphansi, njengoba ikala ukuhluka kosayizi wamangqamuzana abomvu egazi ngaphakathi kwegazi.

2. Ingabe igazi eliphezulu le-RDW liyingozi?

Izimpendulo. Izinga eliphezulu le-RDW lingase lisikisele ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni noma isimo esihlobene, okudinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kokuxilonga okwenziwa udokotela. Ngokuvamile, udokotela uzoqhathanisa imiphumela ye-RDW nemiphumela ye-MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) ukuze ahlole isimo samangqamuzana egazi abomvu.

3. Kusho ukuthini uma i-RDW yakho iphansi?

Izimpendulo. I-RDW ephansi embikweni wegazi (ngaphansi kuka-10.2%) ibonisa ukuhluka okuncane kusayizi weseli elibomvu legazi. Enye yezimbangela ezingenzeka zezinga eliphansi le-RDW i-macrocytic anemia.

4. Yibuphi ububanzi obujwayelekile be-RDW SD?

Izimpendulo. Ibanga lesithenjwa le-RDW blood test SD limi kanje:

• I-RDW-SD: 39-46 fL

• I-RDW-CV: 11.6-14.6% kubantu abadala

5. Liyini izinga elihle le-RDW?

Izimpendulo. Izinga elikahle le-RDW ngokuvamile liwela phakathi kuka-12 no-15%, okubonisa ukuthi amaseli abomvu egazi asondele kangakanani kusampula aqondana nebanga elivamile.