Ukuhlolwa kwe-Rheumatoid Factor (RF) ukuhlola igazi okulinganisa izinga lamasosha omzimba e-RF egazini. Amasosha omzimba e-RF akhiqizwa yi- izivikeli mzimba futhi ingase ihlasele izicubu ezinempilo emzimbeni ngephutha, okuholela ezinkingeni ze-autoimmune ezifana i-rheumatoid isifo samathambo. Kulesi sihloko, sizofaka ukubuka konke okujulile kokuhlolwa kwe-RF.

Kuyini Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Rheumatoid Factor (RF)?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Rheumatoid Factor noma i-RF ukuhlola igazi okuthola ubukhona nezinga lamasosha omzimba e-rheumatoid factor egazini. 

• Amazinga aphezulu e-RF egazini angabonisa i-rheumatoid arthritis noma ezinye izifo ze-autoimmune. 
• Abanye abantu abanamazinga e-RF ajwayelekile basengaba ne-rheumatoid arthritis. 
• Abanye abantu abanempilo bangaba namazinga e-RF aphakeme kancane.

Inhloso yokuhlolwa kwe-Rheumatoid Factor Test

Injongo eyinhloko yokuhlolwa kwe-RF iwukusiza ekuxilongweni kwesifo samathambo, ikakhulukazi ngokuhambisana nokunye ukuhlolwa kwegazi nezimpawu zomtholampilo nezimpawu. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe:

• Gada ukuqhubekela phambili kwesifo kanye nempumelelo yokwelashwa kubantu asebetholwe ukuthi bane-arthritis ye-rheumatoid.
• Siza ukuhlonza ezinye iziyaluyalu ze-autoimmune njenge-Sjögren's syndrome kanye ne-systemic lupus erythematosus.
• Qonda ukuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis ingaba nzima kangakanani nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ithinte izitho ezingaphandle kwamalunga.

Kudingeka Nini Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Rheumatoid Factor?

Udokotela angase atuse ukuhlolwa kwe-RF uma othile enezimpawu ezingabonisa isifo samathambo, njenge:

• Ubuhlungu bamalunga, ukuvuvukala, ukuqina, ukuthamba noma ukufudumala, ikakhulukazi okuthinta izinhlangothi zombili zomzimba ngokulinganayo
• Ukuqina kwamalunga ekuseni okude okuthatha imizuzu engama-30
• Umkhuhlane osezingeni eliphansi
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla nokuncipha kwesisindo
• Izigaxa eziqinile ngaphansi kwesikhumba
• Amehlo omile/umlomo
• I-anemia

Abantu abasengcupheni enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo, njengalabo abanomlando womndeni we-rheumatoid arthritis, kungase kudingeke ukuthi bahlolwe ngisho bengenazimpawu.

Kwenzekani Ngesikhathi Sokuhlolwa Kwe-RF?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-RF kwenziwa ngokudonsa isampula yegazi elincane, ngokuvamile engalweni yesiguli, ngendlela elula ethatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemi-5. Izinyathelo ezingezansi ziveza lokho iziguli ezingakulindela ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwesampula:

Inqubo Yangaphambili

• Kungase kudingeke ukuthi ubonise amadokhumenti ambalwa afana nesicelo selebhu noma i-oda likadokotela lokuhlolwa esikhungweni sokuqoqa.
• Uma uthola noma yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha zokunciphisa igazi, kuyatuseka ukuthi uhlole ukuthi zidinga ukuyekwa yini ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi zezinkinga zokopha ngokweqile.

Ngesikhathi Sokudonsa Igazi

• I-tourniquet iboshelwa amayintshi ambalwa ngaphezu kwendololwane ukuze kubambezele ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kugcwale imithambo.
• Isizinda sokudonsa igazi ku-antecubital fossa noma ingalo eseduze nokugoba kwendololwane ihlanzwa ngokusula utshwala. Lokhu kuvimbela ingozi yokutheleleka.
• Inaliti exhunywe kwithubhu yesampula yokuqoqa ifakwa emthanjeni. Amashubhu ambalwa egazi abe esedonswa eshubhu levacuum. 

Ukunakekelwa Kwangemva Kwenqubo

• Phuza amanzi amaningi futhi ube ne-snack elula ukuze umelane nanoma yikuphi ukukhanya kwekhanda. Uma ukopha kuqala kabusha, phinda usebenzise ingcindezi ngokuqinile. 
• Gwema ukuvivinya umzimba okukhandlayo, ukuphakamisa okunzima noma ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo ngengalo usuku lonke ukuze unciphise ukungaphatheki kahle noma izingozi zokopha.
• Bheka izimpawu zokutheleleka, ukopha, ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo noma ukuntuleka kokuphulukiswa endaweni ngosuku olulandelayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Rheumatoid Factor Test

Ukuhlolwa kwe-RF kungasiza ochwepheshe bezempilo:

• Thola i-arthritis ye-rheumatoid, ikakhulukazi uma ihlanganiswe nezimpawu nokunye okutholakele kokuhlolwa kwegazi okufana ne-ESR ephakeme ne-CRP.
• Qonda ubukhali futhi ubikezele imiphumela ye-rheumatoid arthritis njengoba amazinga aphezulu e-RF ahambisana nomsebenzi wesifo ophakeme kanye nokulimala kwamalunga okunamandla.
• Gada ukusebenza kokwelashwa kwe-arthritis ye-rheumatoid ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amazinga e-RF awela phansi akhombisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle ukulawula ukusebenza kwezifo kanye ukulimala kwamalunga izindlela.   
• Hlukanisa isifo samathambo esihambisana ne-osteoarthritis njengoba lesi sakamuva singabandakanyi amasosha omzimba afana ne-RF. 
• Thola ezinye izifo ezihambisana ne-autoimmune ezihambisana ne-RF. 
• Hlola ubungozi bokutheleleka kwethambo namalunga ezinqubweni. 

Kubuhlungu Kangakanani Ukuhlolwa kwe-RF?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-RF kuhilela ukuhlaba inaliti kafushane okungase kubangele ubuhlungu obuncane noma ukungakhululeki. Kungase kube khona imihuzuko emaphakathi noma ubuhlungu endaweni yokubhoboza ngemva kwalokho, kodwa lokhu kuvame ukuxazululeka phakathi nosuku. 

Ukusebenzisa umuthi obulala izinzwa ngaphambi kokudonsa igazi kunganciphisa ukungaphatheki kahle. 

Uzilungiselela Kanjani Ukuhlolwa kwe-RF 

Awekho amalungiselelo akhethekile adingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe i-RF. Iziguli kufanele:

• Qhubeka uphuza imithi njengoba kuhleliwe ngaphandle kwalapho ucelwe ngokucacile ukuthi ubambe izidakamizwa ezithile njengezinciphisi igazi  
• Hlala unamanzi amaningi 
• Idla ukudla okulula ngaphambi kokuqoqwa kwesampula
• Gqoka imikhono emifushane noma izingubo ezixegayo ukuze ufinyelele kalula emithanjeni yengalo  
• Gwema i-caffeine amahora ambalwa ngaphambili uma ujwayele ukukhathazeka ngesikhathi sokudonsa kwegazi

Isho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-RF?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-RF ihunyushwa ngokuthi iphozithivu/engajwayelekile (izinga le-RF eliphezulu) noma inegethivu/evamile (itholiwe i-RF encane ukuya kokungekho):

Imiphumela engemihle: 

• Lokhu kubonisa amazinga e-RF avamile noma angatholakali, ngokuvamile angaphansi kuka-20 IU/mL, kuye ngereferensi yelebhu esetshenzisiwe. 
• Kodwa-ke, akukhiphi i-rheumatoid arthritis njengoba iziguli eziningi (15-30%) ze-rheumatoid arthritis zinokuhlola okungalungile kwe-RF. 
• Ezinye izimpawu zegazi (isb. anti-CCP) noma ukuthwebula izithombe zingasetshenziswa ukusiza ukuxilongwa uma ukusola komtholampilo kusephezulu.

Imiphumela Emihle Ephansi: 

• Lokhu kubonisa amazinga e-RF aphakanyiswe kancane phakathi kuka-20-60 IU/mL. 
• Kungase kudinge ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okusekelwe ekubuyekezweni kwezimpawu. 
• Ukuhlola kabusha kungase kwenziwe njengoba le ndawo ingase imele ukushintshashintsha kwemvelo. 

Imiphumela Emihle Ephezulu: 

• Ukuba namazinga e-RF > 60 IU/mL kuphakamisa amathuba okuba ne-RF-mediated disorder efana ne-rheumatoid arthritis. 
• Ngaphezu kwe-90 IU/mL inokucaciswa okuphezulu kwe-arthritis ye-rheumatoid. 
• Nokho, ukuhlobana komtholampilo kusadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa njengoba ezinye izimo zingase zibangele amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-RF. 

Isiphetho  

Isici se-rheumatoid noma ukuhlolwa kwe-RF ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubalulekile okusiza ekuxilongeni nasekuqaphelweni kwesifo samathambo. Ngokuthola amasosha omzimba e-RF angahlasela izicubu ezinempilo, inikeza ukuqonda ngokungasebenzi kahle kwamasosha omzimba okuhlobene nesifo samathambo. Nokho, kokubili imiphumela engelona iqiniso kanye nemibi engemihle ingenzeka, ebonisa isidingo sokuhumusha imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-RF ngokuhambisana nokutholwe emitholampilo hhayi ngokuhlukaniswa. Khuluma nomhlinzeki wakho wokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma unokukhathazeka mayelana nomphumela wakho wokuhlolwa kwesici se-rheumatoid.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Liyini izinga elivamile le-rheumatoid factor? 

Izimpendulo: Izinga le-RF elivamile ngokuvamile lingaphansi kuka-20-40 IU/mL. Kodwa-ke, amalabhorethri angamisa izigaba ezihluke kancane kokujwayelekile. Hlala uhumusha umphumela wakho ngokusekelwe kububanzi bereferensi ehlinzekwa ilabhorethri yakho.  

2. Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa kwe-rheumatoid factor ku-positive?

Izimpendulo: Ukuhlolwa kwe-RF positive kubonisa amazinga aphezulu e-rheumatoid factor egazini. Lokhu kungase kubonise uma isifo samathambo noma esinye isimo esihlobene ne-RF sikhona. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezimpawu nokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kuyodingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa. 

3. Kwenzekani uma ukuhlolwa kwe-rheumatoid factor kungenayo?

Izimpendulo: Ukuhlolwa kwe-RF okunegethivu kusho ukuthi amazinga e-rheumatoid factor ayengaphakathi kwebanga elivamile noma ayengabonakali. Kodwa-ke, isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga omzimba asinakuhoxiswa ngisho nokuhlolwa kwe-RF okunegethivu - cishe u-15-30% weziguli ezinesifo samathambo ezinesifo samathambo ezinokuhlolwa kwe-RF okunegethivu. Ezinye izimpawu zegazi noma imibandela yomtholampilo izosetshenziswa ukusiza ukuxilonga.

4. Yiziphi ezinye zezinkinga ezingaba khona zokuhlolwa kwe-rheumatoid factor?

Izimpendulo: Ukuhlolwa kwe-RF kuwukudonsa kwegazi okujwayelekile okungavamile ukuba nezinkinga uma kwenziwa ngendlela efanele. Izinkinga ezingenzeka kodwa ezingenakwenzeka zihlanganisa ukopha kakhulu endaweni yokubhoboza, ukuba nekhanda elikhanyayo noma ukuquleka, ukutheleleka endaweni yokubhoboza kanye ne-hematoma noma ukulimala kwezinzwa ezivela ezinalitini ezingabekwanga kahle.

5. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-rheumatoid factor?

Izimpendulo: Ukukhipha igazi ukuze kuhlolwe i-RF kuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemi-5. Ukulinda imiphumela yokuhlolwa kungathatha noma yikuphi ukusuka emahoreni ambalwa kuye ezinsukwini ezi-1-2 kuye ngendawo yokuhlola. Imiphumela ngokuvamile itholakala phakathi namahora angu-24.