Umdlavuza we-prostate Ume njengomdlavuza oqinile wesibili ojwayeleke kakhulu kwabesilisa abadala ngemuva komdlavuza wesikhumba ongeyona i-melanoma. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA (Owesilisa) kuguqule ukutholwa kwesimo kusenesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Serum PSA kudlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yabesilisa, ikakhulukazi uma unokukhathazeka ngempilo yendlala yesinye. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kunikeza odokotela isithombe esicacile esibasiza ukuba benze izinqumo ezingcono mayelana nokunakekelwa kwesiguli.

Ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwe-prostate-specific Ag serum kusalokhu kuphawuleka. INational Institutes of Health ibika ukwehliswa okukhulu kokufa okuqondene nomdlavuza wendlala yesinye njengoba ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA sekufinyeleleka kubantu abaningi. 

Isilinganiso se-PSA sabesilisa abancane ngokuvamile sihlala ngaphansi kuka-1.0 ng/mL. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi amazinga e-PSA angaphansi koku-1 akhombisa nje ithuba elincane lokuba nomdlavuza osebenzayo. Lesi siqeshana sichaza inqubo yokuhlola, izidingo zayo zesikhathi, nemithelela yayo empilweni yabesilisa.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-Serum PSA (MALE)?

I-Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) iphrotheni ekhiqizwa amangqamuzana e-prostate avamile nanomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa kwe-prostate specific serum - Ukuhlolwa kwe-Serum PSA kulinganisa amazinga ale phrotheni egazini lakho. Umbiko wamalebhu uphumela kuma-nanograms e-PSA ngemililitha yegazi ngalinye (ng/mL). 

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kufeza izinhloso ezimbalwa. Odokotela bayisebenzisela ukuhlolela umdlavuza wendlala yesinye, bahlole ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza kahle kangakanani, futhi babheke umdlavuza obuya emadodeni asevele esesinqobile lesi sifo. Udokotela wakho angase futhi ahlele lokhu kuhlolwa ngemva kokuthola okuthile okungavamile phakathi nokuhlolwa kwakho kwe-prostate.

Kufanele Uthole Nini Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Serum PSA?

Izinhlangano zezokwelapha zinemihlahlandlela eyahlukene esekelwe eminyakeni yakho yobudala, izici zobungozi, nomlando wezempilo. Odokotela abaningi baphakamisa ukukhuluma ngokuhlolwa kwe-PSA phakathi kweminyaka engama-45 uma usengozini emaphakathi. Ukuqala lezi zingxoxo uneminyaka engama-40 kunengqondo uma unezici eziyingozi kakhulu njengesihlobo esiseduze esinomdlavuza wendlala yesinye.

I-American Urological Association yeluleka ukuthi kuhlolwe:

• Amadoda aneminyaka engama-55-69 asengozini evamile
• Amadoda aneminyaka engu-40-54 anezihlobo eziseduze ezitholakale zinomdlavuza wendlala yesinye
• Amadoda amnyama noma ama-Afrika aseMelika aneminyaka engama-40-54

Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 kufanele anqume ngokuhlolwa ngokusekelwe esimweni sabo sezempilo esijwayelekile. Odokotela ngokuvamile bayeluleka ngokumelene nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA okuvamile kwabesilisa abaneminyaka engama-70 nangaphezulu.

Kungani Ngidinga Ukuhlolwa kwe-Serum PSA

Inzuzo enkulu yokuhlolwa kwe-PSA ilele ekubambeni umdlavuza wendlala yesinye ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu. Ukuthola umdlavuza kusenesikhathi kuvame ukuholela ekwelapheni okulula okunemiphumela engcono. Amathuba akho okusinda umdlavuza wendlala yesinye akhuphuka kakhulu uma odokotela bewubamba kusenesikhathi.

Ukuhlola kusiza ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela izinkinga zomchamo njengobuhlungu noma ukuvuthwa njalo, igazi emchameni kumbe isidoda, kumbe ubuhlungu be-pelvic nomhlane. Amadoda anomdlavuza wendlala yesinye asebenzisa ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-PSA ukuze abone ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyasebenza futhi ahlole ukuthi umdlavuza ungabuya yini.

Inqubo yokuhlolwa kwe-Serum PSA

Ukuhlolwa kuyashesha futhi kulula. Udokotela udonsa igazi emthanjeni wengalo yakho esebenzisa inaliti encane. Ungase uzwe ukuncinza kancane lapho inaliti ingena futhi iphuma, futhi ngezinye izikhathi uthole inxeba elincane ngemva kwalokho. Konke kuthatha cishe imizuzu emihlanu.

Isampula yegazi lakho liya elebhu ukuze lihlolwe. Imiphumela ivamise ukubuya lingakapheli iviki, nakuba ezinye izindawo ungayithola ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2. Udokotela wakho angase enze ezinye izivivinyo kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA, okufana nokuhlolwa kwe-digital rectal noma ukuhlaziya umchamo.

Uzilungiselela Kanjani Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Serum PSA?

Ukulungiswa okulungile kuzonikeza umphumela onembe kakhudlwana. Hlala kude nale misebenzi amahora angama-48 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwakho:

• Ukukhipha isidoda (ucansi noma ukushaya indlwabu)
• Ukuzivocavoca kanzima ikakhulukazi ukuhamba ngebhayisikili
• Izenzo ezikushiya uphefumula kanzima

Lokhu kungenza amazinga akho e-PSA eqe okwesikhashana futhi kuthinte imiphumela yakho. Yazisa udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imithi oyiphuzayo, ikakhulukazi imithi yokwelapha ye-BPH, ngoba ingehlisa amazinga e-PSA.

Batshele uma uke wahlolwa i-prostate biopsy muva nje (emasontweni ayisithupha), usebenzise i-catheter yomchamo, noma ube nezinqubo ezihilela uhlelo lwakho lokuchama. Ezinye izimo zempilo, njengezinkinga zesibindi noma ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract, ingase ithinte imiphumela yakho. Ungadla futhi uphuze ngokujwayelekile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Isho Ukuthini Imiphumela Engavamile

Amazinga e-PSA aphakama ngokwemvelo njengoba ukhula, ngakho odokotela babheka izigaba ezihlukene zamaqembu obudala obuhlukahlukene. 

• Amadoda angaphansi kweminyaka engama-59 kufanele ahlale ku-2.5 ng/mL noma ngaphansi
• Amadoda aneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu kufanele ahlale ku-4.0 ng/mL noma ngaphansi
• Amazinga e-PSA abesilisa abancane ngokuvamile ahlala ngaphansi kuka-1.0 ng/mL

I-PSA ephezulu ayisho njalo umdlavuza. Ezinye izinto ezingaphakamisa i-PSA zihlanganisa:

• An i-prostate ekhulisiwe (i-benign prostatic hyperplasia)
• Ukuvuvukala kwendlala yesinye (prostatitis)
• Izifo ezithinta u-Urinary
• Izinqubo zakamuva ze-prostate

Amazinga aphezulu e-PSA ahlobene nokwanda kwengozi yomdlavuza. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amadoda anamazinga e-PSA angaphansi koku-1 anephesenti elincane nje lamathuba omdlavuza osebenzayo, kuyilapho amazinga angaphezu kuka-4 ephusha leyo ngozi. Udokotela wakho angase afune ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe uma i-PSA yakho iphezulu, okuhlanganisa ukuphinda ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA, ukuskena kwe-MRI, noma i-prostate biopsy.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kuyithuluzi elibalulekile elisiza amadoda ukuthi aqaphe impilo yawo ye-prostate. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kuye kwaguqula ukutholwa komdlavuza wendlala yesinye, okubangele ukwehla okuphawulekayo kwamazinga okufa. Ukuhlolwa njalo manje kunikeza amadoda amandla okulawula impilo yawo. Ukuhlolwa kwangempela kuthatha imizuzu, kodwa ukulungiselela kahle kubalulekile. 

Amazinga aphezulu e-PSA awabonisi umdlavuza ngokuzenzakalelayo. Izimo eziningana zingakhuphula la mazinga, okuhlanganisa ukukhuliswa kwe-prostate, ukuvuvukala, noma izifo. Udokotela wakho uzoqhuba ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ngaphambi kokufinyelela noma yiziphi iziphetho.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kuseyisikhali sethu esibaluleke kakhulu sokulwa nomdlavuza wendlala yesinye. Naphezu kokungapheleli kwayo, izinzuzo zayo zisobala. Ukuhlola okuvamile kunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo kanye nokutholwa kusenesikhathi kokusindisa impilo. Xoxa nodokotela wakho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kuyasifanela yini isimo sakho sezempilo kanye neqembu lobudala. Ulwazi ngomdlavuza wendlala yesinye luqinisa amandla ethu okuthola imiphumela engcono.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kwenzekani uma i-Serum PSA iphezulu?

I-PSA ephezulu akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo umdlavuza. Udokotela wakho cishe uzofuna ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze athole ukuthi kungani. Bangase bakucele ukuthi uphinde ukuhlola emavikini angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 ukuze uqinisekise imiphumela. Uma amazinga ehlala ephezulu, ungase udinge ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma umchamo, i-MRI, noma mhlawumbe i-prostate i-biopsy. 

2. Kwenzekani uma i-Serum PSA iphansi?

Amazinga e-PSA angaphansi kuka-1.0 ng/mL ngokuvamile abonisa ukuthi i-prostate yakho inempilo. Amadoda ane-PSA ephansi kancane anengozi ephansi kakhulu yokuthola umdlavuza wendlala yesinye. Kodwa-ke, amadoda ane-PSA ephansi kakhulu noma engabonakali angakaze ahlinzwe i-prostate angase adinge ukuhlolwa njalo.

3. Liyini izinga elijwayelekile leSerum PSA?

Amazinga ajwayelekile ashintsha ngokuya ngeminyaka:

• Amadoda angaphansi kweminyaka engama-50: Ngaphansi kuka-2.5 ng/mL
• Amadoda 50-59: Ngaphansi kuka-3.5 ng/mL
• Amadoda 60-69: Ngaphansi kuka-4.5 ng/mL
• Amadoda 70+: Ngaphansi kuka-6.5 ng/mL

I-PSA yabesilisa abancane ngokuvamile ihlala ngaphansi kuka-1.0 ng/mL.

4. Iyini inkomba yokuhlolwa kwe-Serum PSA?

Ukuhlolwa kuhlola amazinga e-PSA ukuze kubuyekezwe impilo ye-prostate. Odokotela batusa lokhu:

• Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwabesilisa abaneminyaka engama-45-70 
• Ukuhlola izimo ezikhona ze-prostate
• Ukubheka izimpawu zomchamo
• Ukulandela ngemuva kokwelashwa komdlavuza we-prostate

5. Yiliphi izinga le-PSA elingabonisa umdlavuza?

Ingozi yakho yomdlavuza ikhuphuka namazinga e-PSA:

• Ngaphansi kuka-4.0 ng/mL: Amathuba angu-15% okuba nomdlavuza
• Phakathi kuka-4.0-10.0 ng/mL: 25% amathuba okuba nomdlavuza
• Ngaphezu kwe-10.0 ng/mL: Amathuba angaphezu kwama-50% okuba nomdlavuza

Amazinga angaphezu kwama-20 akhomba kakhulu umdlavuza, kuyilapho noma yini engaphezu kuka-50 ivame ukukhombisa umdlavuza.

6. Yini eyenza i-PSA ikhuphuke?

I-PSA yakho ingakhuphuka ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa ngaphandle komdlavuza:

• I-prostate ekhulisiwe (BPH)
• I-Prostatitis (ukuvuvukala)
• Izifo ezithinta u-Urinary
• Ukuphuma kwe-ejaculation kwakamuva noma ukuvivinya umzimba okukhulu (ikakhulukazi ukuhamba ngebhayisikili)
• Izinqubo ze-Prostate noma ukuhlolwa
• Eminye imithi kuhlanganise testosterone esikhundleni

7. Ingabe uvithamini D wehlisa amazinga e-PSA?

Ucwaningo lukhombisa imiphumela exubile. Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi izithako ze-vitamin D zinciphisa usayizi we-prostate namazinga e-PSA. Kodwa izifundo eziningi ezinkulu azitholanga ukuxhumana kwangempela phakathi kwamazinga kavithamini D kanye ne-PSA.