Ukopha Okungajwayelekile Kwesibeletho

Ukopha okungavamile esibelethweni yinoma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini okufaka imvamisa, ukujwayela, ubude besikhathi, kanye nevolumu yokugeleza ngaphandle kwe ukukhulelwa. Lesi simo sithinta kufikela kokukodwa kokuthathu kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuphila kwabo, nokungalungi okwenzeka ngokuvamile ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini kanye nokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini.

Izimpawu Zokopha Okungavamile Kwesibeletho

Ukopha okungavamile esibelethweni kubonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, futhi abesifazane bangase babe nezimpawu ezihlukahlukene. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukopha Kakhulu Ngokuya esikhathini: Abesifazane kungase kudingeke bashintshe ama-tampon noma ama-pads isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa ngehora.
• Izindlela Zokopha Okungavamile: Noma yikuphi ukopha okungalindelekile ngaphandle komjikelezo ovamile wokuya esikhathini kudinga ukunakwa.
• Izikhathi Ezinde: Ukopha kokuya esikhathini okudlula izinsuku ezingaphezu kweziyisikhombisa kuthathwa njengokungajwayelekile.
• Imijikelezo yokuya esikhathini engafani: Imijikelezo ehluka kakhulu ngobude noma eyenzeka kaningi kunawo wonke amasonto amathathu noma ngaphansi kunawo wonke amasonto amahlanu ingase ibonise inkinga.
• Ukopha Kwangemva kokuya esikhathini: Noma yikuphi ukopha ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini akujwayelekile futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izimbangela Zokopha Okungavamile Kwesizalo

Ukopha okungavamile kwesibeletho kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekungalinganini kwama-hormone kuya ezindabeni zesakhiwo. 

• Ukungalingani kwe-hormonal, okubangelwa ukuvuthwa, ukugula kwe-thyroid, noma i-polycystic ovary syndrome (i-PCOS), kungaholela ekuphumeni kwegazi okungavamile. Ngisho nesisindo somzimba eseqile singaphazamisa amazinga e-hormone futhi kubangele ukopha okungavamile.
• Ukungajwayelekile kwesakhiwo esibelethweni nakho kunendima. Lezi zihlanganisa ama-polyps, fibroids, kanye ne-adenomyosis. Kwezinye izimo, izimo eziyingozi noma umdlavuza wesibeletho, umlomo wesibeletho, isitho sangasese sowesifazane, noma ama-ovari kungase kubangele ukopha okungavamile.
• Amagciwane angabangela ukopha okungajwayelekile esibelethweni. Izinkinga ezivamile zihlanganisa i-trichomoniasis, i-cervicitis, i-chlamydia, i-gonorrhoea, i-endometritis, ne-vaginitis. 
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha ezifana nesifo se-von Willebrand, isifo sesibindi, isifo sezinso, kanye nesifo sokuvuvukala kwezitho zangasese (i-PID) singaba nomthelela ekopheni okungavamile kwesibeletho.
• Imithi ethile ingase ibangele ukungahambi kahle kwegazi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithi enciphisa igazi, i-hormone replacement therapy, ezinye umdlavuza webele izidakamizwa, kanye nezindlela zokulawula inzalo njengemishini ye-intrauterine (IUDs) kanye nezivimbela-nzalo ezingamahomoni.
• Okokugcina, imizimba yangaphandle egciniwe noma ukuhlukumezeka esibelethweni kungaholela ekopheni okungavamile. Isibonelo, ukukhohlwa ukukhipha i-IUD kungabangela izifo kanye nokopha okungajwayelekile. 
• Uhlelo lwe-Palm Coein luhlukanisa izimbangela Zokopha Okungavamile Kwesibeletho (AUB) zibe izigaba ezimbili: ezihlelekile nezingezona isakhiwo.
• Izimbangela zesakhiwo zihlanganisa i-Polyps, i-Adenomyosis, i-Leiomyoma (i-fibroids), ne-Malignancy noma i-hyperplasia.
• Izimbangela ezingezona ezesakhiwo zifaka i-Coagulopathy, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-Ovulatory, ukuphazamiseka kwe-Endometrial, izici ze-Iatrogenic, nezimo ezingakahlukaniswa.

Ukuxilongwa Kokopha Okungavamile Kwesizalo

Odokotela baqala ngokubuza imibuzo ebalulekile ukuze baqonde uhlobo lokopha:

1. Yini ebangela ukopha?
2. Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ezikhona?
3. Ingabe likhona ithuba lokukhulelwa?

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kuyalandela, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-pelvic
• Ukuhlolwa komlomo wesibeletho

Udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okuningi ukuze aqinisekise ukuxilongwa:

• Ukuhlolwa Kokukhulelwa: Ukukhipha isisu noma ukukhulelwa kusencane
• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Ukuhlola izici zokujiyisa kanye nenani eliphelele legazi
• Ukuhlolwa Komsebenzi We-thyroid: Ukuhlonza izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ze-ovarian
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezinga Le-Hormone: Ukuthola ukungalingani noma izimo ezingaphansi

Izifundo zezithombe zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuxilongweni:

• I-Pelvic Ultrasound: Ukuhlola ukukhula kwezitho zokuzala

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangenza:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hysteroscopic: Ukuhlola ulwelwesi lwesibeletho ukuze uthole ama-fibroids, ama-polyps, noma izimpawu zomdlavuza
• I-Endometrial Biopsy: Ukuqoqa amasampula ezicubu futhi uhlole umdlavuza noma amaseli angaphambi komdlavuza

Ukwelashwa Kokopha Okungavamile Kwesibeletho

Ukuze uthole ukopha okukhulu okungavamile kwesibeletho, izindlela zama-hormone ziwumugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela. I-Tranexamic acid, evimbela ukuwohloka kwe-fibrin, ingenye indlela ephumelelayo. Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase basebenzise isibani se-Foley ukuze bamise ukopha ngomshini.

Ukwelashwa kwe-AUB okuhlala isikhathi eside kunikeza izinketho ezahlukene. Isistimu ye-intrauterine ye-levonorgestrel, izinto zokuvimbela inzalo ezithathwa ngomlomo, ukwelashwa kwe-progestin, i-tranexamic acid, nemithi elwa nokuvuvukala okungezona ukuvuvukala konke kubonise ukusebenza kahle.

Ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa kuba kudingekile lapho ukuphathwa kwezokwelapha kwehluleka noma kungafaneleki. Izinketho zifaka:

• Ukukhishwa kwe-Endometrial
• Ukukhishwa komthambo wesibeletho
• Hysterectomy

Izinkinga Zokopha Okungavamile Kwesizalo

Ukopha okungavamile kwesibeletho kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu eziningana uma kungelashwa. 

• I-anemia
• ukungazali 
• Akuvamile, ukopha okungavamile kwesibeletho kungase kube uphawu lomdlavuza we-endometrial. 
• Ekopheni okukhulu okungavamile kwesibeletho, ngaphandle kokwelashwa ngokushesha nokunakekelwa kokusekelwa, abesifazane bangase babe ne-anemia enzima kakhulu, i-hypotension (umfutho wegazi ophansi), kanye nokushaqeka. 

Nini Ukubona Udokotela

Abesifazane kufanele bahlele isikhathi sokubonana nomhlinzeki wabo wezempilo uma bebona noma yiziphi izimpawu zokopha okungavamile kwesibeletho. Izimpawu eziningi zidinga ukunakwa ngokushesha:

• Amahlule egazi adlulayo angaphezu kwekota
• Ukushintsha imikhiqizo yokuya esikhathini kaningi kunamahora amabili
• Ukopha phakathi nenkathi noma isikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto
• Ukuthola izimpawu ze-anemia, njengokukhathala, ubuthakathaka, noma ukuphelelwa umoya
• Ukubona izimpawu ze-pica, okuhlanganisa ukuqothuka kwezinwele, isikhumba esiphaphathekile, kanye nesifiso sokudla izinto ezingezona ukudla

Prevention

Nakuba izimbangela eziningi zokopha kwesibeletho zingenakuvinjelwa, abesifazane bangathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yezimo ezithile eziholela kulolu daba, njenge: 

• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo 
• Ukugwema ukudla okunamafutha amaningi ezilwane 
• Ukwenza ucansi oluphephile 
• Ukuhlolwa njalo nokubonisana nodokotela bakho

Isiphetho

Ukopha okungavamile kwesibeletho kuyisimo esivamile esithinta abesifazane abaningi, okubangela ukuphazamiseka ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke futhi okungase kuholele ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo. Lesi simo sinezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ekungalinganini kwama-hormone kuya ezinkingeni zesakhiwo esibelethweni, futhi abesifazane kufanele babone izimpawu futhi bafune usizo lwezokwelapha lapho kudingeka. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa okufanele kungavimbela izinkinga ezifana ne-anemia, ukungazali, futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, umdlavuza we-endometrial.

FAQ sika

1. Ubani osengozini yokopha okungavamile kwesibeletho?

Ukopha okungavamile kwesibeletho kungenzeka kwabesifazane bayo yonke iminyaka kodwa kuvame kakhulu ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kweminyaka yokuzala yowesifazane. Abesifazane abangafika kokukodwa kokuthathu baba nalesi simo phakathi nokuphila kwabo. Kuvame kakhulu phakathi nokuya esikhathini (lapho ukuya esikhathini kuqala) kanye ne-perimenopause (iminyaka eholela ekunqamukeni kokuya esikhathini). 

2. Yini engingayidla ngokopha okungavamile kwesibeletho?

Nakuba kungekho ukudla okuqondile kokopha okungavamile kwesibeletho, ukugcina isisindo esinempilo kungasiza ukulinganisela amahomoni futhi kungase kunciphise ukopha. 

3. Ingabe ukopha okungavamile kwesibeletho kuyisimo esiphuthumayo?

Ukopha okungavamile kwesibeletho kungase kube isimo esiphuthumayo kwezinye izimo. Uma ulahlekelwe igazi eliningi, ungase udinge usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze uthole uketshezi noma ukumpontshelwa igazi. 

4. Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwa ukopha okungavamile kwesibeletho?

Odokotela bangenza izivivinyo eziningana ukuze bathole ukopha okungavamile kwesibeletho:

• Ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwe-pelvic
• Ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kuhlanganisa nesibalo segazi esiphelele (CBC)
• Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wegilo
• Ukuhlolwa kwamazinga e-hormone
• I-ultrasound yama-pelvic
• I-Hysteroscopy
• I-Endometrial biopsy
• Imaging resonance magnetic (MRI)
• I-Computed tomography (CT)

5. Ingabe i-ultrasound ingathola ukopha kwesibeletho?

I-Transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) ibhekwa njengendlela eyinhloko yokucabanga yokuhlola ukopha okungavamile kwesibeletho futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa njengophenyo lomugqa wokuqala.

UDkt. Neha V Bhargava

MS, DNB (obgyn), MNAMS, Fellow (Gynae Oncology)
I-Ganga CARE Hospital Limited, eNagpur

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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