induna

Wake wazibuka esibukweni wazizwa ekhungathekile ngenxa yalawo mabala asebusweni bakho? Izinduna zithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke, zibangela kokubili ukungakhululeki ngokomzimba nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo. Lesi simo esivamile se-dermatological senzeka lapho izinhlayiya zezinwele zigcwala amafutha namangqamuzana esikhumba afile, okuholela ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zamabala. Kule bhulogi enemininingwane, ake sihlole izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinduna, izimpawu zazo, kanye nezimbangela eziwumsuka. 

Iyini Induna? 

Izinduna ngesinye sezimo zesikhumba ezivame kakhulu ezithinta bonke ubudala, nakuba zivame kakhulu entsheni. Kwenzeka lapho izinwele zezinwele ziminyaniswa ngamafutha (sebum) namaseli esikhumba afile. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kuholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamabala, kufaka phakathi amakhanda amhlophe, ama-blackheads, kanye izintambo. Izinduna zivame ukubonakala ebusweni, ebunzini, esifubeni, emhlane ongenhla nasemahlombe. 

Izinhlobo Zezinduna 

• I-acne vulgaris, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-acne, luveza izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezilonda. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izilonda ezingaphezulu njengama-comedones avulekile navaliwe (ama-blackheads nama-whiteheads), ama-papules (amaqhubu abomvu amancane, athambile), nama-pustules (amabala amhlophe noma aphuzi "acindezelayo"). Izilonda ezijulile zihlanganisa amaqhuqhuva (izigaxa ezinkulu ezibomvu ezibuhlungu) kanye nama-pseudocysts (ukuvuvukala okuguquguqukayo okufana ne-cyst). 
• Izilonda zesibili nazo zingase zenzeke, okuhlanganisa ukukhishwa, ama-macules erythematous, nama-macules anemibala. 
• Ezinye izinhlobo zezinduna zihlanganisa induna yesikhunta, ebangelwa ukunqwabelana kwemvubelo ezinhlamvini zezinwele, kanye nezinduna zamahomoni, ezithinta abantu abadala abakhiqiza i-sebum ngokweqile. 
• I-Cystic kanye ne-nodular acne yizinhlobo ezinzima ezingaholela ekulimazeni. Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi okwenziwa ngumhlinzeki wezempilo kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale izinketho ezingcono kakhulu futhi kuvimbele ukulimala kwesikhumba unomphela. 

Izimpawu Zezinduna 

Izinduna zibonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngayinye inezici ezihlukile. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa: 

• Amakhanda amhlophe (ama-pores avaliwe axhunyiwe) kanye omnyama (vula izimbotshana ezixhunyiwe) 
• Amaqhubu amancane abomvu, amathenda abizwa ngokuthi ama-papule angase avele, kanti ama-pustules angama-papule anobomvu emaphethelweni awo. 
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, abantu bangase babe nezigaxa ezibuhlungu, ezinkulu, eziqinile ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ezaziwa ngokuthi amaqhuqhuva noma izigaxa ezibuhlungu, ezigcwele ubomvu okuthiwa ama-cystic lesions. 
• Ezinye izinguquko zesikhumba ezihambisana nezinduna zihlanganisa uqweqwe lwamaqhuqhuva esikhumba, ububomvu nxazonke zokuqhuma, kanye nezibazi ezingaba khona. 
• Izinduna ngokuvamile zithinta ubuso, isiphongo, isifuba, umhlane ongenhla, namahlombe. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka futhi esiqwini, ezingalweni, emilenzeni nasezinqeni. 

Izimbangela ze-Acne

Izinduna ziba lapho izinhlayiya zezinwele zivalwa ngamafutha (sebum) namaseli esikhumba afile. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kudala indawo lapho amagciwane ekhula khona, okuholela ekuvuvukeni nasekuthelelekeni. Izici eziyinhloko ezibangela induna zihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-sebum ngokweqile, izintambo zezinwele ezivalekile, amagciwane, nokuvuvukala. 

Ukuxilongwa Kwezinduna 

Odokotela besikhumba baxilonga induna ngenhlanganisela yezindlela. Bahlola isikhumba, befuna izinhlobo ezahlukene zamachashaza njengamakhanda amnyama, ama-whiteheads, ama-papules nama-pustules ebusweni, esifubeni, noma emuva. Baphinde babuze ngomlando womndeni, izimpawu, nemithi yamanje. Kwabesifazane, imibuzo mayelana nokuya esikhathini ivamile. 

Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi benza izivivinyo zelabhu ukuze bakhiphe ezinye izimo ezibangela izimpawu ezinjenge-acne. 

Ukwelashwa Kwezinduna 

• Ukwelashwa kwezinduna kuhloswe ukumisa izinduna ukuthi zakheke futhi zelaphe amabala akhona. 
• Imithi ye-topical, njenge-retinoids, ama-antibiotics, ne-azelaic acid, isetshenziswa ngqo esikhumbeni. 
• Imithi yomlomo, kuhlanganise nama-antibiotics kanye ne-isotretinoin, iqondise induna ngaphakathi. 
• Ezimweni ezinenkani, odokotela bangase baphakamise izindlela zokwelapha ezifana nama-steroids, ama-laser, namapeel amakhemikhali. 
• Imikhiqizo yangaphandle (i-benzoyl peroxide noma i-salicylic acid) ingasiza ngezinduna ezithambile. 

Izingozi Ezibangelwa Izinduna 

Ziningana izici ezinomthelela ekukhuleni kwezinduna, njenge: 

• Iminyaka yobudala idlala indima ebalulekile, futhi intsha ingathinteka kakhulu. 
• Ukushintsha kwama-hormone, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuthomba noma sokukhulelwa, kungabangela ukuqubuka kwama-acne. 
• Umlando womndeni nawo unomthelela engozini yezinduna; uma bobabili abazali benezinduna, izingane zabo maningi amathuba okuba ziba nazo. 
• Izici zangaphandle ezifana nezinto ezinamafutha, ukungqubuzana, noma ukucindezela esikhumbeni kungabhebhethekisa induna. 
• Izinto ezinjengamafutha okugcoba, amakholomu aqinile, izigqoko zokuzivikela, nojosaka zingase zibe nomthelela ekuphukeni. 

Izinkinga Zezinduna 

Izinduna zingaholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene, ezithinta kokubili inhlalakahle engokomzimba nengokomzwelo, njenge: 

• Ukulimala kuyinkinga evamile, enesikhumba esinezimbobo nezibazi eziwugqinsi (keloids) okungenzeka zihlale isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba induna isiphumile. 
• Abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama basengozini enkulu yokuba nezinguquko zesikhumba, okuhlanganisa ne-hyperpigmentation noma i-hypopigmentation yezindawo ezithintekile. 
• Imiphumela yezengqondo ibalulekile, futhi abantu abaningi bayathuthuka ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, nokuzethemba. 
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ama-acne fulminans angase avele, abonakala ngamaqhubu avuvukalayo kanye nezimpawu zesistimu, ikakhulukazi entsheni yesilisa. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela 

Umuntu ngamunye kufanele abonane nodokotela wesikhumba uma ukwelashwa ngaphandle kwekhawunta kubonakala kungasebenzi ngemva kwamasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha. Izinduna eziphikelelayo noma ezinzima, ikakhulukazi uma zithinta isifuba, iqolo, namahlombe, zingadinga ukwelashwa okuhlelekile. 

Imithi Yasekhaya Yezinduna 

Amakhambi amaningana emvelo angasiza ukuphatha izimpawu zama-acne. 

• Amafutha esihlahla setiye, aziwa kabanzi ngezindawo zawo zokulwa namagciwane, anganciphisa ukuvuvukala futhi abulale amagciwane abangela induna. 
• I-Apple cider uviniga iyindlela yokwelapha ethandwayo. 
• Ijeli ye-aloe vera iqukethe i-salicylic acid nesibabule, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni izinduna. 
• Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokulwa ne-antioxidant, itiye eliluhlaza lingasiza ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa kwe-sebum nokuvuvukala lapho lisetshenziswa phezulu. 
• Uju, olunezici zalo zokulwa namagciwane, lungasiza ekuhlanzeni izimbotshana ezivalekile. 

Prevention 

• Ukuvimbela izinduna kuhilela ukugcina imikhuba emihle yokunakekela isikhumba. Ukugeza ubuso kabili nsuku zonke ngezihlanzi ezithambile ezingenaso i-sulphate kusiza ukususa uwoyela nokungcola okweqile. 
• Ukuswakama kubalulekile, kodwa khetha imikhiqizo engatholakali kalula ukuze ugweme ukuvala izimbotshana. 
• Ukuhlala unamanzi ngokuphuza inani elifanele lamanzi kusekela impilo yesikhumba. 
• Gwema ukuthinta ubuso njalo futhi usebenzise izimonyo ezingezinhle. 
• Ukuvikela ilanga kubalulekile, njengoba ukuchayeka kakhulu elangeni kungakhubaza izinduna. 
• A Ukudla okunazo zonke, ukulawula ingcindezi nokuzivocavoca okuvamile nakho kunomthelela esikhumbeni esinempilo futhi kungase kusize ekuvimbeleni ukuqubuka kwezinduna. 

Isiphetho 

Ukuqonda i-acne nezici zayo eziyisisekelo kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa isu lokuphatha elisebenzayo. Ngokugcina imikhuba emihle yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, ukuhlala unolwazi mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha, kanye nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngesikhathi, abantu ngabanye bangakwazi ukulawula izinduna zabo futhi basebenzele esikhumbeni esicacile nesinempilo. Khumbula, nakuba izinduna zingakhungathekisa, ngokubekezela nangendlela efanele, kungenzeka ukuzuza intuthuko enkulu empilweni yesikhumba kanye nempilo yonke. 

FAQ sika 

1. Induna ithinta bani? 

Izinduna zithinta konke ngesikhathi esithile empilweni. Kuvame kakhulu entsheni nakubantu abadala, kufika ku-95% wentsha ebhekene nakho. Kodwa-ke, i-acne ingenzeka kunoma yisiphi isikhathi, kuhlanganise nezingane kanye nabantu abadala. Abesifazane bavame ukuzwa ama-acne amadala kaningi kunamadoda, kanti u-26% wabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-31-40 kanye no-12% wabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-41-50 bahlushwa yizinduna. 

2. Zivame kangakanani izinduna? 

Izinduna zivame kakhulu, zithinta cishe u-80% wabantu abaneminyaka engu-11 kuya ku-30. 

3. Kukuphi emzimbeni wami lapho ngizoba nezinduna? 

Zivame ukuvela ebusweni, ebunzini, esifubeni, emahlombe nangaphezulu. Lezi zindawo zinezindlala zikawoyela eziningi. Kodwa-ke, izinduna zingase zenzeke esiqwini, ezingalweni, emilenzeni nasezinqeni. 

4. Iyini imbangela ehamba phambili yezinduna? 

Ukwakheka kwezinduna kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nokukhiqizwa kwe-sebum ngokweqile, izintambo zezinwele ezivalekile, amagciwane, nokuvuvukala. Ukushintsha kwama-hormone, ikakhulukazi phakathi nokuthomba, kushukumisa izindlala ze-sebaceous ukuba zikhiqize amafutha amaningi. I-Genetics nayo idlala indima ebalulekile, njengoba izinduna zivame ukugijima emindenini. Ukucindezeleka kanye nemithi ethile ingabhebhethekisa induna. 

5. Yikuphi ukudla okubangela induna? 

Ngenkathi ubudlelwano phakathi kokudla kanye nezinduna buhlala buphikisana, ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi izinto ezithile zokudla zingase zibe nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezinduna. Ukudla okunezinga eliphezulu le-glycemic, okuhlanganisa ukudla okufana nesinkwa esimhlophe, ama-cornflakes, neziphuzo ezinoshukela, kungase kubhebhethekise induna. Olunye ucwaningo luphinde luhlobanise ukusetshenziswa kobisi, ikakhulukazi ubisi lwe-skim, nokwandisa ingozi yezinduna. 

6. Induna imubi kakhulu eminyakeni emingaki? 

Izinduna ngokuvamile ziba phezulu phakathi nenkathi yokuthomba kanye nokuba umuntu omdala, phakathi kuka-12 no-24. Kwabaningi, izinduna ziba zimbi kakhulu phakathi neminyaka yobusha, ngokuvamile ziqala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 nengu-13. 

UDkt. Shradhha Mahalle

CARE Medical Team

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