Amachashazi Eminyaka (Amabala Esibindi)

Abantu abaningi baqaphela amabala amnyama, ayisicaba avela esikhumbeni sabo njengoba bekhula, ngokuvamile bacabanga ukuthi izimo zesikhumba ezinzima. Lawa machashaza, ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi amachashaza obudala noma amachashaza esibindi, athinta izigidi emhlabeni jikelele. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlola amachashaza eminyaka yobudala, kusukela kuzimbangela nezimpawu zawo kuye kuzinketho zokwelashwa ezihlukahlukene.

Ayini ama-Age Spots (amabala esibindi)?

Amachashaza obudala (ama-solar lentigine) amabala ayisicaba, amnyama akhula esikhumbeni ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwe-melanin ngokweqile. Lezi zinguquko ezivamile zesikhumba azihlangene nokusebenza kwesibindi naphezu kokuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi amabala esibindi.

Lezi zimpawu zesikhumba ngokuvamile zivela njengezindawo eziyisicaba, ezimise okweqanda ezinemiphetho echazwe kahle. Zingahluka ukusuka kokuncane njengefreckle kuye cishe ku-1/2 intshi (amamilimitha ayi-13) ububanzi. Amachashaza avamise ukubonakala ezindaweni ezithola ukukhanya kwelanga kakhulu, okuhlanganisa:

• Ubuso nesiphongo
• Imihlane yezandla
• Amahlombe nomhlane ongaphezulu
• Izingalo
• Phezulu kwezinyawo

Izimpawu Zezindawo Zobudala

Izici ezihlukile zobudala noma amabala esibindi esikhumbeni ziwenza abonakale kalula. Lawa mabala aveza izici ezithile ezibonwayo nezingokombhalo ezisiza ukuwehlukanisa kwezinye izimo zesikhumba.

Ukubukeka kwala mabala kulandela amaphethini athile. Ngokuvamile banezici ezilandelayo:

• Umumo nencazelo: Indilinga noma i-oval enemiphetho echazwe ngokucacile
• Ukuthambisa: Iphansi futhi ayinabuhlungu, efana nesikhumba esizungezile
• Ububanzi bombala: Okunsundu ngokukhanyayo ukuya kunsundu omnyama noma omnyama
• distribution: Ngokuvamile kuvela ngamaqembu, afana nama-freckles ahlangene
• Indawo: Ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezichayeke elangeni njengobuso, izandla, intamo nezingalo

Izimbangela Nezici Zengozi Yezindawo Zobudala

Lapho ubhekene nokuchayeka elangeni, kubangela ukwakheka kwe-melanin, i-pigment ebangela umbala wesikhumba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le melanin ingabuthana ezindaweni ezithile, yenze lokho esikubona njengamachashaza eminyaka noma amachashaza esibindi.

Ubungozi bokukhula kwamabala obudala bukhuphuka ngezinto ezithile:

• Isikhumba Esilungile: Abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo bangathinteka kalula
• Iminyaka Ethuthukile: Amathuba enyuka ngemva kweminyaka engama-50
• Ukuchayeka Elangeni Kaningi: Imisebenzi yangaphandle evamile ngaphandle kokuvikelwa
• Umlando wokushiswa yilanga: Ukulimala kwelanga okwedlule kwandisa ingozi
• Ukusetshenziswa kwemibhede yokushukwa: Ukuchayeka kwe-UV yokwenziwa kusheshisa ukwakheka kwendawo
• I-Genetic Predisposition: Umlando womndeni ungadlala indima eyisisekelo

Sifo

Ngesikhathi sokuhlola okubukwayo, odokotela bahlola izici eziningana zamabala, okuhlanganisa ubukhulu bawo, ukuma, kanye nencazelo yomngcele. Banaka kakhulu izindawo ezibonakala zingajwayelekile noma ezingajwayelekile, okungase kudinge uphenyo olwengeziwe.

Odokotela bangase batuse i-biopsy yesikhumba uma kukhona ukungaqiniseki mayelana nemvelo yamabala. Le nqubo ibandakanya:

• Ukukhipha isampula yesikhumba esincane ngaphansi kwe-anesthetic yendawo
• Ukuthumela isampula elabhorethri ukuze ihlaziywe kabanzi
• Ukuhlola izicubu ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu
• Ukukhipha ezinye izimo, kuhlanganise eqhubekayo yomdlavuza wesikhumba
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa ngokuqinisekile

Ukwelashwa Kwezindawo Zobudala

Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ngokuvamile batusa izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwelapha indawo yesibindi:

• Ukwelapha Okuphezulu
  • Okhilimu bokuhlanza nge-hydroquinone
  • Ama-lotions angaphezu kwekhawunta namajeli amabala esibindi ebusweni
  • Ama-retinoids 
  • Corticosteroids
• Izinqubo Zomsebenzi
  • Ukwelashwa nge-laser nokukhanya okunamandla kwe-pulsed kumabala obudala ebusweni
  • I-Cryotherapy (iqhwa)
  • Amakhemikhali acwecwa amabala esibindi ebusweni
  • I-Dermabrasion kanye ne-microdermabrasion

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Odokotela batusa ukuhlela ama-aphoyintimenti lapho amabala eminyaka ebonisa izinguquko ezithile noma mayelana nezici. Lezi zimpawu eziyisixwayiso zihlanganisa:

• Amachashaza aqala ukopha
• Ukushintsha kombala, kuba mnyama kakhulu noma kube mnyama
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwemingcele engajwayelekile
• Ukukhula okungazelelwe noma ukwanda kosayizi
• Inhlanganisela yemibala engajwayelekile

Prevention

Ukuvikela isikhumba emisebeni ye-UV eyingozi kuyisisekelo sokuvimbela amabala obudala.

Amaqhinga Abalulekile Okuvikela:

• Ukufaka isikrini selanga esibanzi (i-SPF 30 noma ngaphezulu) nsuku zonke
• Ukuphinda usebenzise i-sunscreen njalo emahoreni amabili, ikakhulukazi uma ubhukuda noma ujuluka
• Ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela ezinesilinganiso se-UPF 40-50
• Ukusebenzisa izigqoko ezinompheme obanzi nezibuko zelanga ezivikela i-UV
• Ukufuna umthunzi ngesikhathi samahora ashisa kakhulu ilanga (10am kuya ku-2pm)

Ama-sunblocks asekelwe kumaminerali aqukethe i-zinc oxide ne-titanium dioxide anikeza isikhumba esisezingeni eliphezulu nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Kulabo abachitha isikhathi esiningi beshayela, ukufaka okokuvikela kwe-UV emafasiteleni emoto kungabanikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ezindaweni ezineminyaka yobudala.

Isiphetho

Amabala obudala amelela ingxenye evamile yokuguga ethinta abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi labo abachayeka elangeni njalo. Nakuba lezi zindawo zingafaki ubungozi bezempilo, ukuqonda imvelo yazo kusiza abantu benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwelashwa nokuvimbela.

Ukuvikelwa emisebeni ye-UV kuseyisu elisebenza kahle kakhulu lokuvimbela izindawo ezintsha zeminyaka nokuphatha akhona. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okuvamile nezindlela ezifanele zokuvikela ilanga njenge-sunscreen, izingubo ezivikelayo, nokufuna umthunzi kudala ukuzivikela okuqinile ekwakhekeni kwazo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Abukeka kanjani amabala esibindi?

Amachashaza esibindi avela njengamabala ayisicaba, amnyama esikhumbeni, asukela kokunsundu ngokukhanyayo kuya kokumnyama. Ayahluka ukusuka cishe kweshumi le-intshi ukuya kuhhafu we-intshi ububanzi. Lawa machashazi ngokuvamile aqoqana njengamapheshana ama-freckles futhi agcina imiphetho ebushelelezi, echazwe kahle.

2. Uwasusa kanjani amabala esibindi ngokwemvelo?

Izithako eziningana zasekhishini zingasiza ukufiphala kwamabala obudala ngokwemvelo. Imithi ephumelela kakhulu yasekhaya ihlanganisa:

• Ijusi kalamula (icebile ku-vitamin C ne-citric acid)
• Izingcezu zamazambane (ziqukethe isitashi namavithamini)
• Ijeli ye-Aloe vera (sebenzisa imizuzu engama-30 kabili ngosuku)
• I-Buttermilk (iqukethe i-lactic acid yemvelo)
• Izingcezu zekhukhamba (usizo nge-hyperpigmentation)

3. Yikuphi ukudla okuvimbela amabala esibindi?

Ukudla okunothe ngama-antioxidants kungavimbela futhi kunciphise ukufiphala kwesikhumba. Ukudla okuzuzisa kakhulu kuhlanganisa:

• Izithelo ze-Citrus
• Ubhatata
• Izinhlanzi ezinamafutha (ezicebile nge-zinc)
• amajikijolo
• Pumpkin
• imidumba

4. Imuphi uvithamini ovimba amabala esibindi?

I-Vitamin C ibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka kwe-melanin ngenkathi ikhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-collagen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Vitamin B12 isekela ukukhula kwamangqamuzana esikhumba amasha, futhi uVithamini E usiza ekwelapheni izibazi. Ukudla okudlayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezihloko zala mavithamini kuyanconywa ukuze kube nemiphumela emihle.

5. Iyini imbangela yamabala esibindi?

Imbangela eyinhloko yamachashaza esibindi amaseli e-pigment asebenza ngokweqile abangelwa ukuchayeka kwe-UV. Lapho isikhumba sithola ukuchayeka elangeni isikhathi eside, ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin kuyakhula futhi kugxile ezindaweni ezithile. Le nqubo ishesha ngokukhula futhi ivame kakhulu kubantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo noma ukuchayeka elangeni njalo.

UDkt. Shradhha Mahalle

CARE Medical Team