I-Allergic Rhinitis

I-Allergic rhinitis yisifo esivamile sezokwelapha esithinta izigidi emhlabeni wonke. Iveza ikhala eligelezayo, ukuthimula, kanye alume amehlo futhi kungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yansuku zonke, kubangele ukungakhululeki futhi kuphazamise umsebenzi, ukulala, nemisebenzi yokuzilibazisa. Le bhulogi ihlola izimbangela, izimpawu, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha i-rhinitis ehlukahlukene. 

Kuyini I-Allergic Rhinitis?

I-Allergic rhinitis, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi i-hay imfiva, kuwukungezwani komzimba, Lokhu kungezwani komzimba kubangelwa izinhlayiya ezincane ezisemoyeni ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-allergen. Lapho abantu bephefumula lezi zifo ngamakhala noma ngomlomo, imizimba yabo ikhipha ikhemikhali yemvelo ebizwa ngokuthi i-histamine. Lokhu kusabela kubangela iqoqo lezimpawu ezithinta ikhala, okuhlanganisa ukuthimula, ukuminyana emakhaleni, i-rhinorrhea ecacile (ikhala eligijima), kanye ne-pruritis yamakhala (ukuluma).

Izimpawu ze-Allergic Rhinitis 

Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba ne-rhinitis zivame ukuvela ngokushesha ngemva kokuchayeka ezintweni ezingezwani nomzimba futhi zingaqhubeka inqobo nje uma umuntu elokhu ethintana nazo.

Okulandelayo ezinye zezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-hay fever:

• Izinkinga zamakhala:
  • Ikhala eligelezayo elinoketshezi oluncane olunamanzi
  • Ukuminyana kwamakhale (stuffiness)
  • Sneezing
  • Ikhala elilumayo
• Izinkinga zamehlo:
  • Amehlo abomvu, anamanzi
  • Amehlo alumelayo
  • Isikhumba esivuvukele, esibonakala silimele ngaphansi kwamehlo (ama-shiner aguquguqukayo)
• Ukungaphatheki kahle komphimbo nomlomo:
  • Umphimbo olumayo nokhakhayi lomlomo
  • Umphimbo obuhlungu ngenxa yokuconsa kwangemva kokukhala (amafinyila ehla ngemuva komphimbo)
• Izimpawu Zokuphefumula:
  • Ukushaya
  • Ukushisa
  • Ukuphefumula kanzima
• Ezinye Izimpawu:
  • Ikhanda elibuhlungu kanye nomfutho we-sinus
  • Ukukhathala ngokweqile (ukukhathala), ngokuvamile ngenxa yokungalali kahle

Izimbangela ze-Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)

I-rhinitis ye-allergic iqala lapho izivikeli mzimba isabela ngokweqile ezintweni ezingenabungozi zomoya ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-allergen. Lokhu kubangela ukusabela komzimba, okubangela ukukhululwa kwamakhemikhali emvelo, ngokuyinhloko i-histamine, egazini.

Lokhu kukhishwa kwe-histamine kuholela ekuvuvukeni kolwelwesi lwamafinyila emehlweni, ekhaleni nasemqaleni, okuholela ezimpahleni eziwuphawu ze-rhinitis engezwani nomzimba, njengokuthimula, ikhala eligijimayo, namehlo alumayo.

Izifo eziningana zasendlini nangaphandle zingabangela i-hay fever. Izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Impova yezihlahla, ukhula, nezitshalo
• Izinhlamvu zesikhunta
• Isilwane esifuywayo 
• Izibungu zothuli
• Ubulongwe bephela namathe
• Izinguquko zesizini 

Izinto Eziyingozi Ze-Hay Fever

Kunezici eziningana ezingandisa ingozi yomuntu yokuba ne-rhinitis eguliswayo. Okulandelayo ezinye izici eziyingozi ze-hay fever:

• Abantu abanesihlobo segazi, njengomzali noma ingane yakini, engezwani nomzimba noma isifuba somoya basengozini kakhulu. 
• Abantu abane-asthma noma i-atopic dermatitis (i-eczema) 
• Ukuhlala noma ukusebenza endaweni enokuchayeka njalo kuma-allergener
• Izingane ezinonina ababebhema phakathi nonyaka wazo wokuqala wokuphila zisengozini eyengeziwe yokuba ne-hay fever
• I-"hygiene hypothesis" iphakamisa ukuthi ukwehlisa ukuchayeka kumagciwane ebuntwaneni kungase kube nomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezifo eziguquguqukayo, kuhlanganise ne-hay fever.

Sifo

Ukuxilongwa kwe-rhinitis ye-allergen kuhilela indlela ebanzi yokuhlonza izifo ezithile ezibangela izimpawu, kuhlanganise: 

• Udokotela uqala ngokuhlola umzimba kanye nengxoxo eningiliziwe ngempilo yesiguli, izimpawu, kanye nezimbangela ezingase zibe yizicucu. 
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilonga futhi ufinyelele ku-allergies ngqo, odokotela bangancoma ukuhlolwa okukodwa noma kokubili kwalokhu okulandelayo:
• I-Skin Prick Test
• I-Allergy Blood Test

Ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, odokotela bangaphakamisa ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kokuxilonga:

• I-Nasal Allergen Challenge (NAC)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Basophil Activation (BAT)
• Ukuhlola Iphunga
• Ukulinganisa Kwabalamuli Abavuvukalayo

Ukwelashwa

Ukuphatha ngempumelelo i-rhinitis ye-allergic kuhilela inhlanganisela yemithi, i-immunotherapy, nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila.

• Umuthi we-Allergic Rhinitis 
  • Ama-Antihistamine ngokuvamile awumugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela, ovimbela imiphumela ye-histamine ekhishwa ngesikhathi sokungezwani komzimba.
  • I-nasal corticosteroids ibhekwa njengemithi ephumelela kakhulu kubantu abaningi abane-hay fever. 
  • Ama-decongestants anikeza impumuzo yesikhashana ekuzibeni kwamakhala nokucindezela
  • Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, odokotela bangancoma i-corticosteroids yomlomo njenge-prednisone ukuze isetshenziswe isikhathi esifushane
• immunotherapy 
  • immunotherapy kungaba ngemijovo (izithombe zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile) noma amaphilisi abhalwe ngolimi oluncane.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Bonana nodokotela uma izimpawu ze-rhinitis engezwani nazo ziphazamisa ukuphila kwansuku zonke, ukusebenza komsebenzi, noma amaphethini okulala. Ukuminyana okuqhubekayo, ukukhwehlela, noma amehlo agcwala amanzi aphazamisa ukulala noma akwenza kube inselele ukusebenza emsebenzini kudinga usizo lwezokwelapha. Ukwengeza, udokotela angaphakamisa ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-rhinitis yokungezwani komzimba uma imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta idala imiphumela engemihle efana nokozela.

Abantu abanezinye izimo zempilo ezifana Isifo senhliziyo, isifo se-thyroid, isifo sikashukela, i-glaucoma, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-prostate ekhulisiwe, isifo sesibindi, noma isifo sezinso kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi uthintane nodokotela ngaphambi kokuzelapha ngokwakho. 

Prevention

Ukuvimbela kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokwelapha i-rhinitis yokungezwani komzimba ekhaya. Ukuvimbela i-rhinitis ye-allergic kuhilela ukulawula ukungezwani komzimba ngaphambi kokuba umzimba uphendule kabi ezintweni. 

• Impova:
  • Uma ama-pollens eqala ukungezwani komzimba, ukuthatha ama-antihistamine ngaphambi kokulungiselela kungasiza. 
  • Ukuhlala endlini ngesikhathi samahora aphezulu empova
  • Ukugeza ngokushesha ngemva kokuba ngaphandle
  • Ukugcina amawindi evaliwe ngesikhathi sokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile
  • Ukugwema ilondolo ezomisa ulayini ngaphandle
• Izibungu Zothuli:
  • Ukuze unciphise ukuchayeka ezibungwini zothuli, dala indawo engafanele yokukhula kwazo:
  • I-Mop emanzi phansi eqinile esikhundleni sokushanela
  • Sebenzisa i-vacuum ngesihlungi se-HEPA sikakhaphethi
  • Faka uthuli ezindaweni eziqinile njalo
  • Geza okokulala masonto onke ngamanzi ashisayo
  • Sebenzisa imicamelo namakesi okuvimbela ukungezwani komzimba
• I-Pet Dander:
  • Nciphisa ukuchayeka ezilwaneni ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile
  • Hlanza zonke izindawo njalo
  • Geza izandla ngokushesha ngemva kokuthinta izilwane ezifuywayo
  • Gcina izilwane ezifuywayo emibhedeni
  • Geza izingubo ngemva kokuvakashela amakhaya nezilwane ezifuywayo
  • Geza izinja okungenani kabili ngeviki ukuze unciphise ukubola

Isiphetho

Ukuvimbela kungenye yengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni i-rhinitis yokungezwani komzimba. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokunciphisa ukuchayeka ezintweni ezingezwani nomzimba nokudala izindawo ezinokwaliwa, abantu banganciphisa imvamisa nokuqina kwezimpawu zabo. Ukubonisana njalo nodokotela kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokwelapha zihlala zisebenza futhi zihambisana nesikhathi. Ngokuphathwa ngendlela efanele kanye nendlela esheshayo, labo abathintwe i-rhinitis yokungezwani komzimba bangaphila ukuphila okunethezekile nokwanelisayo, kungakhathaliseki isizini noma indawo ebazungezile.

FAQ sika

1. Abantu bavame ukuyithola nini i-hay fever?

I-hay fever ingaba ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, umsebenzi, noma ingapheli (unyaka wonke). Ngokuvamile, abantu baba ne-hay fever phakathi nezinkathi zonyaka ezilandelayo:

• Intwasahlobo (ekupheleni kuka-April noMeyi): Impova yesihlahla yiyona imbangela eyinhloko ngalesi sikhathi.
• Ehlobo (ekupheleni ngoMeyi kuya phakathi noJulayi): Utshani nempova yokhula yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko.
• Ikwindla (ngasekupheleni kuka-August kuya kusithwathwa sokuqala): Impova ye-Ragweed iyimbangela evame kakhulu.

2. Ivamise kangakanani i-rhinitis ye-allergic (hay fever)?

I-Allergic rhinitis yisimo esisabalele esithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke. E-United States iyodwa, kuthinta abantu abalinganiselwa ku-30%, okuyenza ibe esinye sezimo ezivamile ezingalapheki.

3. Zingaki izinsuku lapho i-allergic rhinitis ihlala khona?

Ubude besikhathi sezimpawu zokungezwani ne-rhinitis zingahluka kakhulu futhi kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-allergen, ukuzwela komuntu ngamunye, kanye nezimo zemvelo. Ukungezwani komzimba nenkathi ethile ingahlala amasonto ambalwa noma ngisho nezinyanga inqobo nje uma i-allergen eqalayo ihlala endaweni ezungezile. Ukungezwani komzimba okungapheli kungaqhubeka unyaka wonke ngenxa yokuchayeka njalo ezintweni ezingezwani nasendlini njengezibungu zothuli noma i-pet dander.

4. Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-hay fever kanye nokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile?

Nakuba amagama athi "hay fever" kanye "ne-allergies" evame ukusetshenziswa ngokungafani, kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okufanele ukuqaphele:

CARE Medical Team

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