I-Allergies Ezinganeni

Izigidi zezingane zinohlobo oluthile lokungezwani nokudla, futhi lezi zibalo zikhule kakhulu kule minyaka embalwa edlule. Abazali nabanakekeli abakwazi ukuziba lokhu kukhathazeka kwezempilo okukhulayo.

Umzimba wengane usabela ngendlela engavamile ezintweni ezingenangozi ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-allergen. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudla okuthile, uthuli, impova yezitshalo, noma imithi. Umlando womndeni udlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukungezwani komzimba. Ezinganeni ezingenawo umlando womndeni, amathuba mancane kakhulu. Kodwa lapho bobabili abazali benza, ingozi iba phezulu kakhulu. Ikhala eligcwele, ukuthimula, ukulunywa, kanye nekhala eligelezayo yizimpawu ezivelele. I-rhinitis yokungezwani kuseyisifo esivame kakhulu sobuntwana esibangela ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile.

I-Allergies ingathinta noma iyiphi ingane, kungakhathaliseki ubudala bayo, ubulili, uhlanga, noma isimo senhlalo-mnotho. Amantongomane, amantongomane esihlahla, inhlanzi, nezimbaza kubangela ukusabela okubi kakhulu. Lokhu kungezwani komzimba kuvame ukuqhubeka kukho konke ukuphila. Ukuhlonza izibangeli ezithile zengane yakho kubaluleka ukuze ulawule futhi uphathe isimo sayo ngempumelelo.

Iyini I-Allergies Ezinganeni?

Ingane iqala ukungezwani nezinto ezithile lapho amasosha omzimba esabela ngokuqinile ezintweni abantu abaningi abazibekezelela kahle. Umzimba ukhipha amakhemikhali afana ne-histamine ukuze avikele kulokho okubona njengezinsongo. Lezi zimpendulo zokungezwani komzimba zingathinta isikhumba sengane, ukona, imigudu yokuphefumula noma uhlelo lokugaya ukudla.

Izinhlobo Zokungezwani Ezinganeni

• I-Allergic rhinitis (hay fever): I-Hay fever ingenye yezifo ezivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezithinta amacici namehlo. 
• Ukwelashwa kokudla ezinganeni: Izingane zingaphinde zibe nokungezwani komzimba nokudla, ikakhulukazi uma zizwela amakinati, ubisi, noma amaqanda. 
• Ezinye izinhlobo: 
  • Ukungezwani komzimba nesikhumba (eczema)
  • I-allergies yokuphefumula (ufuba)
  • Ukusabela ekulumeni kwezinambuzane 
  • Ukungezwani nemithi

Izimpawu Zokungezwani Ezinganeni

Izimpawu ziyehluka ngokuya nge-allergen nalapho ukusabela kwenzeka khona. Izimpawu zisukela ekucasukeni okuncane kuye ezimpendulweni ezinzima. Izingane zivame ukuzwa:

• Sneezing
• Iphutha le-Runny, ukugcwala emakhaleni
• Amehlo alumelayo
• Ukuphuza isikhumba
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Izinkinga zokugaya

Izimbangela Zokungezwani Ezinganeni

Ama-allergener amaningana angabangela lokhu kusabela:

• Impova yezihlahla, utshani nokhula
• Isikhumba sezilwane, umchamo kanye namafutha esikhumba
• Izibungu zothuli namaphela
• isikhunta
• Ukudla (ikakhulukazi amakinati, amaqanda, ubisi)
• Imithi nokulunywa yizinambuzane

Izingozi Zezingozi

I-Allergies ingathinta noma iyiphi ingane, kodwa ezinye izingane zibhekana nezingozi eziphezulu:

• Umlando womndeni wokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile wenza izingane zibe maningi amathuba okuba zithuthuke. 
• Izingane ezine-eczema zinengozi ephindwe kahlanu yokungezwani nokudla ukudla. 
• Abafana nezingane abaqala ukudla izinhlanzi kamuva (emva kwezinyanga ezingu-9) nabo babonisa ukwanda kwezingozi zokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile.

Izinkinga

I-Allergies idinga ukuphathwa okufanele ukugwema izinkinga zempilo:

• Izingane zingase zibe nezifo ezindlebeni, izifo ze-sinus, kanye izifo zesifuba. 
• Ukuminyana kwamakhala isikhathi eside kuphoqa izingane ukuba ziphefumule ngemilomo yazo, okuthinta ukukhula kwazo kwamazinyo kanye nekhwalithi yokulala. 
• Ukungezwani komzimba okungalashwa nakho kungenza izimo ezikhona njengesifuba somoya kanye ne-eczema zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Allergies Ezinganeni

Odokotela kudingeka benze izivivinyo ezifanele ukuze bathole izimbangela eziqondile zokungezwani komzimba nengane. Udokotela wengane yakho uzongena esimeni sayo futhi abuyekeze umlando wayo wezempilo ophelele ngaphambi kokuncoma ukuhlolwa okuqondile kokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile.

Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba kuyindlela eshesha kakhulu yokuhlola ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile. Lokhu kuhlola kuhilela ukuthinta izinto ezingezwani nezixutshiwe esikhumbeni ngokusebenzisa izimbokodo ezincane. Iqhubu elincane, eliphakanyisiwe elivela phakathi nemizuzu engu-15 libonisa ukuzwela. 

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungakala amasosha omzimba e-IgE egazini futhi kube usizo ikakhulukazi uma unokusabela okunzima noma izimo zesikhumba ezivimbela ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba. 

Odokotela bangase benze izivivinyo eziyinselele ukuze baqinisekise imiphumela ngokunikeza ngokucophelela amanani amancane amagciwane okusolakala ukuthi akuphi ngaphansi kokuqapha ngokucophelela.

Ukwelashwa Kwezinto Ezingezwani Nezinye Ezinganeni

Indlela ebanzi enamasu amathathu abalulekile isiza ekulawuleni ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile.

• Ukugwema - Yehlisa ukuthintana nezinto ezibangela ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile:
  • Gcina ingane yakho ingaphakathi phakathi nenani eliphezulu lempova
  • Qalisa i-air conditioner kunokuvula amafasitela
  • Qiniseka ukuthi ingane yakho iyashawa ngemva kokudlala ngaphandle
  • Vikela amagumbi okulala ngamakhava angangeni ndawo
• Imithi - Izinketho zokwelapha eziningana zisiza izimpawu ezahlukene:
  • Ama-Antihistamine asiza ukuvimba imiphumela ye-histamine
  • Izifutho zamakhala zinciphisa ukuvuvukala
  • Ama-decongestants asiza ukusula amakhala agxilile (gwema ukunikeza izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emi-4)
• Immunotherapy - Izinketho zokusiza ezihlala isikhathi eside zihlanganisa:
  • I-Allergy shots (i-subcutaneous immunotherapy)
  • Amaphilisi angaphansi kolimi (i-sublingual immunotherapy) 
  • Izingane eziningi zibonisa ukuthuthuka nge-immunotherapy phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-12-18, nakuba izinzuzo zingavela ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezingu-6-8.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Ingane yakho idinga ukunakwa uma izimpawu ziqhubeka futhi ziphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Phuthuma ekunakekelweni kwezimo eziphuthumayo uma ubona:

• Izinkinga zokuphefumula noma isifuba
• Ukusabela okunzima kokudla, ikakhulukazi isifuba noma ukuvuvukala
• Izimpawu ezingaphenduli emithini ethengwayo
• Ukutheleleka kwendlebe njalo noma i-sinus kusuka ku-allergies

Indlela Yokuvimbela I-Allergies Ezinganeni

Ucwaningo olusha olwanyatheliswa ngo-2015 ngabacwaningi lubonisa ukuthi ukwethulwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezifo ezivamile ezinsaneni kusebenza kangcono kunokubambezeleka. Abazali kufanele bethule ukudla okunjengamakinati, amaqanda, nobisi phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-4-6 ngenkathi beqhubeka ibele uma kwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyasiza ukunciphisa ukuchayeka entuthuni kagwayi ngaphambi nangemuva kokuzalwa ukuze kwehliswe ingozi yesifuba somoya.

Amakhambi Asekhaya E-Allergies Ezinganeni

Ukwelashwa kwemvelo kungahambisana nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngezimpawu ezithambile: 

• Ukuhogela ngesitimu kusula izono eziminyene
• Ama-compress apholile asiza ukupholisa ukulunywa kwesikhumba. 
• Ijeli ye-aloe vera noma izinto zokuthambisa ezingenaphunga zingadambisa ukusabela kwesikhumba okuthambile. 
• Kuhle ukusho ukuthi amakhambi emvelo akufanele athathe indawo yokwelashwa uma kunezinkinga ezinzima - hlala ubuza udokotela wengane yakho ngaphambi kokuzama izindlela ezintsha.

Isiphetho

Ukungezwani komzimba nengane kudala izinselelo emindenini ebhekene nalokhu kukhathazeka kwezempilo. Lokhu kusabela kwamasosha omzimba kuthinta izigidi zezingane emhlabeni wonke, kungakhathaliseki isizinda sazo.

Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezimpawu kwenza umehluko obaluleke kakhulu. Amakhala agcwele, ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, kanye nokusabela kokudla kungase kuzizwe kungaphezu kwamandla. Kodwa ukuzibona ngendlela efanele kuqondisa ukuphathwa okungcono. Ukuhlolwa okuvela kubahlinzeki bezempilo kuyindlela enhle yokuthola ulwazi olunembile mayelana nezibangeli ezithile.

Abazali kufanele bazizwe benamandla, bangesabi. Ziningi izindlela zokwelapha ezikhona - kusukela ekugwemeni izibangeli kuya emithini kanye ne-immunotherapy. Izingane ngokuvamile zisabela kahle kulezi zindlela futhi zibonise ukuthuthuka okucacile phakathi nezinyanga.

Indlela ozizwa ngayo njengomzali ibaluleke kakhulu. Izimpawu ezithambile zingase zibe ngcono ngamakhambi asekhaya afana nokuminyanisa okupholile noma umusi. Kodwa ungalokothi ulinde ukuthola usizo lwezokwelapha ukuze uthole ukusabela okunzima. Ukuqapha kwakho kugcina ingane yakho iphephile.

Ulwazi, ukwesekwa kwezokwelashwa, namasu asebenzayo kusiza izingane ukuba ziphile impilo enempilo, ematasa ne-allergies. Uhambo lungase lube nezindawo ezimbi, kodwa imindeni ilawula lezi zimo ngempumelelo nsuku zonke - eyakho ingakwazi, futhi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ingabe i-allergies ingabangela umkhuhlane ezinganeni?

Igama elithi "hay fever" lingase lizwakale lidukisa ngoba ukungezwani nomzimba empeleni akubangeli imfiva ezinganeni. Izinga lokushisa lengane yakho elingaphezu kuka-100.4°F (38°C) cishe likhomba okuthile okuhlukile kunokungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile. Amasosha omzimba asebenza ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokungezwani komzimba futhi angenza izingane zibe sengozini enkulu yokutheleleka noma amagciwane abangela imfiva.

• Ukushisa okunezimpawu zokungezwani komzimba kungase kubonise:
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane njengomkhuhlane noma umkhuhlane
• Ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya okudingayo kwemithi elwa namagciwane
• Ukutheleleka kwe-sinus kwenzeka ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba okuqhubekayo

2. Ngibhekana kanjani nokungezwani komzimba ezinganeni?

Uhlelo lwengane yakho lokulawula ukungezwani komzimba kufanele lugxile ezindleleni ezintathu ezibalulekile. Isu lokuqala libandakanya ukugwema ngokuphelele izibangeli. Okwesibili kuhlanganisa izinketho zemithi efana nama-antihistamine avimbela imiphumela ye-histamine, ama-decongestants asula amacici amakhala, nama-nasal steroids alawula ukuvuvukala. Isu lesithathu lisebenzisa i-immunotherapy ngokusebenzisa isibhamu sokungezwani komzimba noma amaphilisi angama-sublingual ukwakha ukubekezelelana kancane kancane.

3. Uyiyeka kanjani i-allergies ezinganeni ebusuku?

Izimpawu zokungezwani komzimba zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu ebusuku. Lawa maqhinga angasiza:

• Isikhathi semithi ngendlela efanele - Nikeza umuthi wokungezwani komzimba ngaphambi kokulala njengoba izimpawu zivame ukuba phezulu phakathi kuka-4-6 ekuseni
• Yenza amakamelo okulala angaguli:
  • Mboza omatilasi nemicamelo ngezinto ezivikela umzimba
  • Hlanza izingubo zokulala emanzini ashisayo masonto onke
  • Gcina izilwane ezifuywayo kude nezindawo zokulala
  • Engeza izinto zokuhlanza umoya ukuze uthuthukise ikhwalithi yomoya
• Siza ukusula amakhala aminyene - Ukukhululwa ekuminyaniseni:
  • Sebenzisa izifutho ezinosawoti ukuhlanza imigudu yamakhala
  • Buza ngezifutho ze-nasal steroid ezinconywe udokotela
  • Vumela ingane yakho ilale iphakamise ikhanda kancane

UDkt. Vittal Kumar Kesireddy

MBBS, MD, Uzakwethu ku-Neonatology
I-CARE Hospitals Outpatient Centre, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529