I-Alopecia Areata

I-Alopecia areata, ithinta izigidi emhlabeni wonke, ibangele izinwele eziba zincane, ukuwa kwezinwele ngokweqile, nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo. I-Alopecia areata yisifo se-autoimmune esibangela ukuqothuka kwezinwele esikhumbeni nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lesi sihloko sizosihambisa ngezimbangela, izimpawu, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha i-alopecia areata. 

Iyini i-Alopecia Areata?

Kuyisifo esaziwa kabanzi nge-autoimmune esidala ukuqothuka kwezinwele kungazelelwe. Ngokuvamile iqala ngama-patches abushelelezi ayindilinga noma amise okweqanda esikhumbeni noma esilevini. Nokho, ukulahlekelwa izinwele kungenzeka noma yikuphi emzimbeni, okuhlanganisa amashiya, izinkophe, nemilenze. 

Izinhlobo ze-Alopecia Areata

I-Alopecia areata inezinhlobo eziningana ezihlukene, ngayinye ibangela amazinga ahlukene okuqothuka kwezinwele. 

• Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu i-patchy alopecia areata, okuholela ekubeni amabala anempandla alingana nohlamvu lwemali, ayindilinga noma ayindilinga esikhumbeni noma kwezinye izindawo zomzimba. Leli fomu lingadlulela ezinhlotsheni ezinzima kakhulu, njenge-alopecia totalis, ebangela ukuqothuka okuphelele kwezinwele esikhumbeni sekhanda, noma i-alopecia universalis, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwezinwele okuphelele komzimba, okuhlanganisa amashiya nezinkophe.
• Ezinye izinhlobo zihlanganisa i-ophiasis alopecia, ebonakala ngephethini efana nebhande yokuqothuka kwezinwele emaceleni nangemuva kwekhanda, futhi isakaza i-alopecia areata, ebangela ukuncipha kwezinwele kungazelelwe kuso sonke isikhumba sekhanda. 
• Abanye abantu bangase babe ne-patchy alopecia areata, lapho ukuqothuka kwezinwele kuqhubeka isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokukhula kube amafomu abanzi.

Izimpawu ze-Alopecia Areata

• I-Alopecia areata ngokuvamile iqala ngokuqothuka kwezinwele kungazelelwe kuma-oval noma amabala ayindilinga esikhumbeni sekhanda. Nokho, kungathinta noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, okuhlanganisa amashiya, izinkophe, nentshebe emadodeni. 
• Iziqephu ezingenalutho ngokuvamile azibonisi ukucasuka, ububomvu, noma izibazi. 
• Abanye abantu baba nokuluma, ukusha, noma ukulunywa ngaphambi kokuba izinwele ziqothuke. 
• I-Alopecia areata kwabesifazane ngokuvamile ibonakala njengokuncipha kwezinwele, ukwahlukanisa okunwebekayo, nokunciphisa ububanzi bemiluko yabo.
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-alopecia areata ingaqhubekela ekuqothukeni kwezinwele esikhumbeni sonke (alopecia totalis) noma ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwezinwele zomzimba (alopecia universalis). Ukushintsha kwezinzipho njengamabotho amancane noma imigodi kuvame ukuhambisana nokulahlekelwa izinwele okukhulu. 

Izinkinga ze-Alopecia Areata

Ukuphazamiseka kwe-autoimmune, i-alopecia areata, kwenzeka lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela ngephutha izimpande zezinwele, okubangela ukuqothuka kwezinwele. Lesi simo singathinta noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba ekhulisa izinwele. Nakuba izimbangela eziqondile zingaziwa, izici zofuzo zidlala indima ebalulekile. Abantu abanomlando womndeni we-alopecia areata basengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi simo. 

Ezinye izifo ze-autoimmune, njenge psoriasis, ukuphazamiseka kwe-yegilo, Futhi vitiligo, nazo zixhunyaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe. 

I-Alopecia areata ingase futhi ibangelwe izici zemvelo ezifana nokucindezeleka noma imithi ethile. 

Izingozi Zezingozi

Kunezici eziningana ezandisa amathuba okuthuthukisa i-alopecia areata, okuhlanganisa: 

• Ukucindezeleka kanye nezici ezingokomzwelo kungase kubangele ukuqala kubantu abathintekayo. 
• Amadoda abhekene nengozi enkulu ye-alopecia areata enzima, njengoba kwenza labo abashintsha izinzipho noma ubude besifo obungaphezu konyaka owodwa. 
• Iminyaka yobudala ekuxilongweni nayo inquma ukubikezela, nokuqala kwengane ngokuvamile kubonisa umbono ongemuhle kangako. 
• Izimo ze-atopic ezifana ne-hay fever kanye ne-eczema zihlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe. 

Izinkinga

Ukuqothuka kwezinwele kungazelelwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibonakalayo, kungalimaza imizwa futhi kunciphise ukuzethemba nokuzethemba emphakathini. Abesifazane abane-alopecia areata bavame ukubhekana nezinselele ezithile, njengoba ukuqothuka kwezinwele kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuziphatheni kwabo. 

Ukwengeza, abanye abantu bangase bahlakulele ukungahambi kahle kwezinzipho, njengokugoba noma ama-ridge, okungabangela ukungakhululeki futhi kuthinte imisebenzi yansuku zonke. 

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Alopecia Areata

Odokotela ngokuvamile baxilonga i-alopecia areata ngokuyihlola ngokomzimba. Bahlola izindawo zokulahlekelwa izinwele futhi bahlole izinzipho nganoma yiziphi izinguquko. Odokotela basebenzisa umshini wokukhulisa ophethwe ngesandla ukuze bahlole izinwele nezimbobo ze-follicle eduze. Kuthathwa umlando ophelele wezokwelapha nomndeni, ogxile ekuqalekeni kokuqothuka kwezinwele kanye nanoma yimuphi umlando womndeni wezinkinga ze-autoimmune. 

Uma ukuxilongwa kuhlala kungaphelele, kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kungafaka: 

• Ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sekhanda ukuthola izimpawu zokutheleleka
• Ukuhlaziywa kwesampula yezinwele
• I-scalp biopsy ukuhlola izifo zesikhumba 
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kukhishwe ezinye izimo ezingabangela amaphethini afanayo okulahlekelwa izinwele.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Alopecia Areata

Izindlela zokwelapha i-alopecia areata ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobunzima bokulahlekelwa izinwele. 

• Ezimweni ezithambile, i-corticosteroids ngokuvamile iyisinqumo sokuqala. Lezi zingasetshenziswa ngezihloko noma zijovwe ngqo ezindaweni ezithintekile ukuze kuncishiswe ukuvuvukala futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kabusha kwezinwele. 
• Njengesixazululo se-topical, i-Minoxidil ingasetshenziswa yodwa noma nezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-alopecia areata ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezinwele. 
• Odokotela bangase batuse i-topical immunotherapy noma imithi yomlomo efana ne-JAK inhibitors ngokulahleka kwezinwele okubanzi. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Uma ubona ukulahleka kwezinwele kungazelelwe noma ukuncipha kwezinwele, kubalulekile ukubonana no-a dermatologist. Bangakwazi ukunquma ukuthi i-alopecia areata noma esinye isimo sibangela ukulahlekelwa izinwele zakho. Ukuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile, njengoba abantu abane-alopecia areata besengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo se-thyroid, i-eczema, noma ezinye izifo ze-autoimmune. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kwalezi zimo kwenza kube lula ukuzilawula. 

I-Alopecia Areata Prevention

Nakuba ingekho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela i-alopecia areata, izinyathelo ezithile zingasiza ukuphatha lesi simo futhi zinciphise umthelela waso. 

• Ukugwema ukuhlukumezeka kwezinwele okungadingekile noma ekhanda 
• Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka ngokusebenzisa amasu okuphumula noma ukwelulekwa 
• Ukuhlaziya ukudla kwakho nokuqinisekisa ukudla okufanele 
• Ukuqapha izimpawu zezinye izimo ze-autoimmune, njengesifo se-thyroid noma i-lupus. 
• Ukuhlola okuvamile kungahumushela ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi nasekulawuleni lezi zimo ezihlobene.

Amakhambi Emvelo E-Alopecia Areata

Nawa amanye amakhambi asekhaya e-alopecia areata:

• I-Aloe Vera Gel: Ithambisa isikhumba futhi ikhuthaze ukukhula kwezinwele.
• Ijusi ka-anyanisi: Iqukethe isulfure ukuvuselela izimpande zezinwele.
• Amafutha eRosemary: Athuthukisa ukukhula kwezinwele nokujikeleza.
• Amafutha kakhukhunathi: Athambisa futhi aqinise isikhumba sekhanda.
• Amafutha e-Peppermint: Athuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi ezimpandeni zezinwele.
• I-Green Tea: Icebile ngama-antioxidants, ingasekela impilo yezinwele.
• Amafutha e-Lavender: Akhuthaza ukukhula kwezinwele futhi anciphise ukulahlekelwa izinwele okubangelwa ukucindezeleka.
• Ukudla okunothe nge-Biotin: Amaqanda, amantongomane, nembewu kusekela amandla ezinwele.

Isiphetho

I-Alopecia areata inethonya elibalulekile ezimpilweni zalabo abathintekile, akubangeli izinguquko zomzimba kuphela kodwa nezinselele ezingokomzwelo. Ukuqonda izimbangela, izimpawu kanye nezinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo kunikeza abantu amandla okuphatha lesi simo ngempumelelo. Nakuba lingekho ikhambi, ukwelashwa okuhlukahlukene kungakhuthaza ukukhula kwezinwele futhi kuthuthukise izinga lempilo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-alopecia areata ayibonisi impilo yonke futhi ayiholeli ezinkingeni ezinkulu zezokwelapha.

• Izifo ezizenzakalelayo 
• Iziguli zingalahlekelwa izinwele, kusukela ekuncipheni kuya ekulahlekelweni okuphelele esikhumbeni nasemzimbeni.
• Lesi simo sivame ukwenzeka nezinye izifo ezizimele ezifana ne-hypothyroidism, i-anemia, i-psoriasis, ne-rheumatoid arthritis.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, kungenzeka ngokuzumayo, futhi izinwele zingashintsha umbala zibe mhlophe.
• Kwezinye izimo, ingakwazi ukuzixazulula ngokwayo ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
• Ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, nomfutho wegazi ophezulu, futhi isifuba somoya singenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu.
• Udokotela wesikhumba oqeqeshiwe kufanele elaphe i-Alopecia Areata ngemva kokuhlolwa okufanele.
• Imithi eminingi yomlomo neye-topical iyatholakala, kodwa kufanele inikezwe udokotela.

FAQ sika

1. Iyini imbangela enkulu ye-alopecia areata?

I-Alopecia areata, isimo sokuncipha kwezinwele, sinethonya esimisweni sokuzivikela ezifweni, okusibangela ukuba sihlasele izimpande zezinwele ngephutha. Nakuba izimbangela eziqondile zingaziwa, izici zofuzo zidlala indima ebalulekile. 

2. Iyiphi indlela esheshayo yokwelapha i-alopecia?

Ayikho indlela eshesha kakhulu yokwelapha i-alopecia areata. 

3. Iqala iminyaka emingaki i-alopecia?

I-Alopecia areata ingakhula kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. 

4. Ingabe ukuntuleka kwevithamini D kungabangela i-alopecia areata?

Cha, ukuntuleka kwevithamini D kungase kungabi nomthelela ekulahlekelweni izinwele.

5. Yini okufanele uyigweme ku-alopecia areata?

Lutho, ngoba yi-autoimmune disorder.

UDkt. PL Chandravathi

MBBS, MD, FAAD, FISD
CARE Hospitals Outpatient Centre, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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