Amnesia

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungaba njani ukuvuka ngelinye ilanga ungakhumbuli ukuthi ungubani noma ubukuphi? Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okungajabulisi kungokoqobo kubantu abane-amnesia, isimo esithinta inkumbulo futhi esingaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yansuku zonke. I-Amnesia, ehilela ukulahlekelwa izinkumbulo, ingaphezu nje kokukhohlwa kungashintsha umuzwa womuntu wokuthi ungubani futhi kuphazamise ikhono lakhe lokusebenza ngendlela evamile. 

Iyini i-Amnesia? 

I-Amnesia yisimo esibucayi esihilela ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo okukhulu. Kudlula ukukhohlwa okulula, njengokubeka okhiye ngendlela engafanele noma ukukhohlwa ukwenza umsebenzi othile. Abantu abane-amnesia (ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo) bakuthola kunzima ukukhumbula izehlakalo ezibalulekile noma imininingwane yokuphila kwabo. Igama elithi 'amnesia' livela esiGrekini sasendulo, okusho 'ukukhohlwa', kodwa umthelela wako ujule kakhulu. 

Izimpawu ze-Amnesia 

I-Amnesia inomthelela omkhulu enkumbulweni yomuntu ngamunye, ikhinyabeza ikhono labo lokukhumbula izehlakalo zangaphambilini nokwenza izinkumbulo ezintsha. Okulandelayo ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ze-amnesia: 

• Ubunzima bokukhumbula amagama nobuso 
• Ubunzima bokukhumbula izindawo noma indlela yokufika kuzo 
• Inkinga yokufunda ulwazi olusha 
• Ukulahleka kwenkumbulo okukhethiwe 
• Abantu abanalesi simo bakuthola kunzima ukugcina ulwazi olusha, okwenza kube inselele ukuzivumelanisa nezimo noma izindawo ezintsha. 
• Inkinga yokukhumbula izehlakalo zesikhathi esidlule kanye nemininingwane ejwayelekile ngaphambilini 
• Izinkumbulo zakamuva cishe zilahlekile, kuyilapho izinkumbulo ezikude noma ezijulile zingase zigcinwe. 
• Ngezinye izikhathi, abantu abane-amnesia bangase babe nezinkumbulo ezingamanga eziqanjwe ngokuphelele noma izinkumbulo zangempela ezilahlekile ngesikhathi. 
• Abanye abantu abane-amnesia bangase babe nokudideka, okwenzeka lapho ingqondo izama ngokuzenzakalelayo ukugcwalisa imininingwane yenkumbulo futhi yenza iphutha. Abantu abahlangabezana nokudideka bakholelwa ukuthi inkumbulo yabo iyiqiniso futhi inembile. 

Izinkinga ze-Amnesia 

I-Amnesia inezimbangela ezihlukahlukene eziwela ezigabeni ezimbili eziyinhloko: 

• Izimbangela Zezinzwa: Ukulimala kobuchopho noma ukulimala ezindaweni ezibalulekile ekucubungulweni kwenkumbulo kungaholela ku-amnesia. Izimbangela ezivamile ze-neurological amnesia zihlanganisa: 
  • Stroke 
  • Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho ngenxa yezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane noma ukusabela kwe-autoimmune 
  • I-cerebral hypoxia-ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni 
  • Ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala isikhathi eside kuholela ekuntulekeni kukavithamini B1 (i-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) 
  • Izimila zobuchopho 
  • Isifo i-Alzheimer nezinye izifo zezicubu zezinzwa eziwohlokayo 
  • ukuquleka 
  • Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi ama-sedative 
  • Ukulimala ekhanda kanye nokungqubuzana 
  • I-aneurysms yobuchopho 
  • Isifo sikaParkinson 
  • I-Multiple sclerosis (MS) 
  • Ubuthi nobuthi, njenge-carbon monoxide noma izinsimbi ezisindayo 
  • Izimbangela Zengqondo 
• Izimbangela ezingokwengqondo ze-amnesia ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izehlakalo ezibuhlungu noma ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwengqondo, okuhlanganisa: 
  • Ukuphazamiseka kwe-dissociative, ikakhulukazi i-dissociative amnesia 
  • I-post-traumatic disorder disorder (PTSD) 

Izinhlobo ze-Amnesia 

I-Amnesia ibonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngayinye enezici ezihlukile. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko 
yilezi: 

• I-Anterograde Amnesia: Abantu abane-anterograde amnesia bagcina izinkumbulo zangaphambi kokulimala kodwa bayazabalaza ukudala izinkumbulo ezintsha ngemva kokuqala kwesimo. Lokhu kuvame ukuphumela ekuhlukumezekeni kobuchopho, njengokushaywa ekhanda. 
• I-Retrograde Amnesia: Abantu abane-amnesia ye-retrograde abakwazi ukukhumbula izehlakalo ezenzeka ngaphambi kokuhlukumezeka kwabo kodwa bangakha izinkumbulo ezintsha ngemva kwakho. 
• I-Transient Global Amnesia: Lolu hlobo lwesikhashana nolungavamile lokulahlekelwa inkumbulo luvame kakhulu kubantu abadala asebekhulile abanesifo semithambo. Kubandakanya ukulahlekelwa yonke inkumbulo kafushane futhi, ezimweni ezinzima, ubunzima bokwenza izinkumbulo ezintsha. 
• I-Traumatic Amnesia: Lolu hlobo lwenzeka ngenxa yokushaywa kanzima ekhanda, njengengozi yemoto. Ngokuvamile kuhilela ukulahlekelwa ukwazi noma ukuquleka. 
• I-Dissociative Amnesia: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-fugue, yisimo esingandile lapho abantu bekhohlwa okwedlule kanye nobunikazi babo. Isehlakalo esibuhlungu ngokuvamile siyasibangela futhi singahlala ukusuka emaminithini kuya ezinsukwini. Inkumbulo yesigameko sokuqala ingase ingabuyi ngokugcwele. 

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Amnesia 

Uhambo lokuxilonga ngokuvamile lubandakanya izinyathelo ezimbalwa nezivivinyo, ezifana nalezi: 

• Umlando Wezokwelapha kanye Nengxoxo: Inqubo iqala ngomlando wezokwelapha onemininingwane. Njengoba abantu abalahlekelwa inkumbulo bengase bangakwazi ukunikeza ulwazi oluphelele, odokotela bavame ukuthembela kumalungu omndeni, abangani, noma abanakekeli ukuze bathole imininingwane eyengeziwe. 
• Ukuhlolwa Komzimba Nezinzwa: Udokotela wenza ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwemizwa ukuze ahlole ama-reflexes, ukusebenza kwezinzwa, nokulinganisela. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukukhomba noma yiziphi izimpawu ezibonakalayo ezingase zikhomba imbangela ye-amnesia. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo: Ukuhlola kuvame ukufaka izivivinyo ezihlobene nokucabanga, ukwahlulela, kanye nenkumbulo. Umuntu angacelwa ukuthi: 
  • Khumbula ulwazi lomuntu siqu kanye nemicimbi edlule 
  • Khombisa ulwazi lolwazi olujwayelekile, njengokuqamba umongameli wamanje 
  • Phinda izinhlu zamagama 
• Izivivinyo zokuxilonga kanye ne-Imaging: Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga okuningana nokuskena kwezithombe kunomthelela ekuxilongweni: 
  • I-MRI ne-CT scans ukusiza ukukhomba ukulimala kobuchopho noma izinguquko 
  • Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kutholwe izifo, ukuntuleka komsoco, noma ezinye izinkinga 
  • I-Electroencephalogram (EEG) ukuthola umsebenzi wokuquleka 
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-Neuropsychology kokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwemisebenzi yokuqonda kwengqondo 
  • Umpompi womgogodla (ukubhoboza i-lumbar) ukuhlola uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal ngezimbangela ezingase zibe khona 

Ukwelashwa kwe-Amnesia 

Nakuba lingekho ikhambi elilodwa le-amnesia, izindlela ezihlukahlukene zingasiza abantu ukuba balawule isimo sabo futhi bathuthukise izinga lempilo yabo, njenge: 

• Ukuvuselelwa Kwengqondo: Abelaphi basebenza neziguli ukwenza amasu okuhlela ulwazi, okwenza kube lula ukukhumbula. Ukuqeqesha inkumbulo ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusebenzisa izinkumbulo eziphelele njengesisekelo sokuthola ulwazi olusha. Le ndlela isiza abantu ukuthi baqonde kangcono izingxoxo nokusebenzelana nabanye. 
• Izinsiza Zenkumbulo: Kokubili izinsiza zenkumbulo ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezobuchwephesha obuphansi zingaba wusizo olukhulu kubantu abane-amnesia: 
• I-Smart Technology: Omakhalekhukhwini namathebulethi, lapho esetshenziswa ngokuqeqeshwa nokuzijwayeza okufanele, angasebenza njengabahleli be-elekthronikhi futhi akhumbuze abantu ngemicimbi ebalulekile noma baphuze imithi. 
• Izinsiza zobuchwepheshe obuphansi: Amanothibhuku, amakhalenda odongeni, ongqondongqondo bamaphilisi, nezithombe zabantu nezindawo kungasiza ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke nokukhumbula inkumbulo. 
• Ukwesekwa Kwengqondo: Ukwelashwa kwengqondo kokuziphatha (CBT) noma ukwelashwa kwengqondo kungaba yinzuzo kwabanye abantu abane-amnesia. 
• Ukusekela Komndeni: Ukubonisa izithombe zezehlakalo zesikhathi esidlule, ukuveza umuntu emahokweni ajwayelekile, nokudlala umculo ojwayelekile kungasiza ekubuyiseni inkumbulo nokwesekwa ngokomzwelo. 
• Ukungenelela Kwezokwelapha: Nakuba kungekho mithi ethile ekhona yokubuyisela izinkumbulo ezilahlekile, ukwelashwa kwezimbangela eziyinhloko kungaba usizo. 

Izinkinga ze-Amnesia 

Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ze-amnesia ubunzima obudalayo emsebenzini nasezilungiselelweni zemfundo. Abantu bangase bazabalaze ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngempumelelo noma bahlangabezane nezidingo zemfundo, kuthikameze ukusebenza kanye nokukhiqiza. 

Ukusebenzelana komphakathi nakho kuba nzima kakhulu njengoba bezabalaza ukukhumbula amagama, ubuso, noma ulwazi oludlule olwabiwe nabangani nomndeni. 
Abanye abantu bangase badinge ukugadwa njalo ukuze baqinisekise ukuphepha nokuphila kahle kwabo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. 

Izingozi ze-Amnesia 

Kunezici eziningana ezingandisa ingozi yomuntu yokuba ne-amnesia, okuhlanganisa: 

• Iminyaka yobudala: Abantu baba sengozini yokulahlekelwa inkumbulo kanye nokuncipha kwengqondo njengoba bekhula. 
• Ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka okungamahlalakhona kungaba nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwenkumbulo, okungase kuholele ezinkingeni zenkumbulo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. 
• Ukuntuleka Kobuthongo: Ukuswela ubuthongo kungenye into ebalulekile, njengoba ukulala ngokwanele kubalulekile ukuze kuqiniswe inkumbulo kanye nempilo yonke yengqondo. 
• Ukuphuza Utshwala: Ukusebenzisa utshwala isikhathi eside kungaholela ekuntulekeni okukhulu kwevithamini B1, okuholela ku-Korsakoff Syndrome, uhlobo lwe-amnesia. 
• Ukulimala: Ukuhlukumezeka kwekhanda, okufana nokungqubuzana noma ukulimala okukhulu kwengqondo, kungabangela i-amnesia yangemva kokuhlukumezeka. 
• Ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nezinkinga zenkumbulo kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokuba ne-amnesia. 
• Izimo Ezihlelekile: I-Hypertension ne-Down syndrome nazo zihlotshaniswa nethuba eliphezulu lokulahlekelwa inkumbulo. 
• Imithi: Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi i-sedative kanye nezidakamizwa ze-anesthesia, ingathinta ukwakheka kwenkumbulo nokukhumbula. 
• Izinto Zemvelo: Ukuchayeka kubuthi nobuthi, njenge-carbon monoxide noma izinsimbi ezisindayo, kungaholela ekulimaleni kobuchopho kanye nezinkinga zenkumbulo ezilandelayo. 
• Ifa: Abantu abanomlando womndeni we-amnesia bangase babe nengozi eyengeziwe yokuzithuthukisa ngokwabo. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela 

Abantu abalahlekelwa inkumbulo ngendlela engachazeki, ukulimala ekhanda, noma ukudideka kufanele bafune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. 

Uma umuntu oneamnesia ebonakala edidekile noma engakwazi ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokuzimela, kubalulekile ukumsiza ukuthi athole usizo lwezokwelapha oludingekayo. 

Prevention 

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela zigxile ekugcineni impilo yobuchopho isiyonke kanye nokugwema izimbangela ezingase zibe khona zokulahlekelwa inkumbulo, njenge: 

• Ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo 
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni 
• Ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini ebekela ingqondo inselele, efana nezindida zamagama, ukufunda, ukufunda insimbi yomculo, noma ukuzama izinto ezintsha zokuzilibazisa 
• Ukuvolontiya ezikoleni zasendaweni noma emaqenjini omphakathi nakho kunikeza ukukhuthazeka kwengqondo ngenkathi kukhuthaza ukuxhumana nabantu. 
• Ukusebenzelana komphakathi kusiza ukunciphisa ukudangala nokucindezeleka 
• Abantu kufanele badle izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu, kanye nemithombo yamaprotheni anamafutha amancane (inhlanzi, ubhontshisi, nezinkukhu ezingenasikhumba) 
• Ukulala okwanele (amahora angu-7 kuya kwangu-9 okulala okunekhwalithi ubusuku ngabunye) 

Ezinye Izinyathelo: 

• Gwema utshwala obuningi noma ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa 
• Gqoka izigqoko ezivikelayo ngesikhathi semidlalo engcuphe kakhulu ukuze uvimbele ukulimala ekhanda 
• Sebenzisa ibhande uma uhamba ngemoto 
• Hlala unamanzi amaningi, njengoba umnene kwamanzi emzimbeni ingathinta ukusebenza kobuchopho. 
• Lawula izimo zempilo ezingase zibe nomthelela empilweni yobuchopho 
• Yeka imikhiqizo kagwayi 

Isiphetho 

Nakuba lingekho ikhambi elilingana nelilodwa le-amnesia, izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zokwelapha i-amnesia namasu okubhekana nazo zingasiza abantu balawule isimo sabo futhi bathuthukise izinga labo lempilo. Kusukela ekuvuselelweni kwengqondo kanye nezinsiza zenkumbulo kuya ekusekelweni komndeni kanye nokungenelela kwezokwelapha, indlela ehlukahlukene ngokuvamile iveza imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Ngokuhlala benolwazi ngezici eziyingozi nezinyathelo zokuvimbela, abantu bangathatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo ukuze balondoloze impilo yabo yengqondo nokunciphisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga zenkumbulo esikhathini esizayo. 

FAQ sika

1. Ungakwazi yini ukululama ku-amnesia? 

Ukubuyiselwa kwenkumbulo ezimweni ze-amnesia kuyehluka kakhulu futhi kuncike kumbangela nobukhulu obuyisisekelo. Nakuba ukubuyisa izinkumbulo ngemva kokuthola i-amnesia kungenzeka, izinga lempumelelo liyahluka. I-Transient global amnesia, ifomu yesikhashana, ivamise ukuxazululeka phakathi kwamahora angu-24, nezinkumbulo ezivame ukululama. Kodwa-ke, i-amnesia ebuhlungu noma engokwemvelo ebangelwa ukulimala kobuchopho noma ukugula iveza izinselele ezengeziwe. 

2. Ingabe i-amnesia iyazihambela yodwa? 

Ezimweni eziningi, i-amnesia ixazulula ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Kodwa-ke, ubude besikhathi nokuxazululwa kwe-amnesia kuncike kumsusa wayo. 

3. Yiminyaka emingaki i-amnesia? 

I-Amnesia ingathinta abantu banoma iyiphi iminyaka. Nokho, izinhlobo ezithile ze-amnesia zingase zivame kakhulu emaqenjini athile eminyaka yobudala. Isibonelo, i-amnesia yomhlaba wonke yesikhashana ivame ukubonwa kubantu abadala asebekhulile. 

4. Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungabangela ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo? 

Yebo, ukucindezeleka kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwenkumbulo. Kungavimbela indlela abantu abakha futhi babuyise ngayo izinkumbulo, ekugcineni kuthinte inkumbulo.

CARE Medical Team

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