I-Anal Fissures

Umfantu wendunu ukudabuka noma ukuqhekeka kolwelwesi lwendunu. Ingenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zobuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuthunjwa kanye ukopha okungunxande futhi ngokuvamile kuthinta izinsana nabesifazane abakhulelwe. 

Iyini I-Anal Fissure?

Umfantu wendunu ukudabuka okuncane noma ukusikeka olwelweni lwendunu. Lokhu kudabuka kuholela ezinhlungwini nokopha lapho kudlula indle. Ezimweni eziningi, kungenxa yokuqunjelwa noma ubunzima bokudlula indle eqinile. Lesi simo singaba sibi kakhulu noma singamahlalakhona, kodwa izimo eziningi ziba ngcono ngezinyathelo ezilula njengokuthatha i-fiber eyengeziwe noma ukucwiliswa emanzini afudumele. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke imithi noma ukuhlinzwa ukuze kwelashwe i-anal fissure.  

Izimpawu Zokubhoboza Endunu

Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ze-anal fissure zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwamathumbu 
• Igazi elibomvu elikhanyayo esitulweni 
• Ukuluma noma ukucasuka eduze kwe-anus 
• Ubuhlungu obungase buhlale amahora ambalwa ngemva kokunyakaza kwamathumbu.
• Ukuqhekeka okubonakalayo esikhumbeni endunu.
• Ithegi yesikhumba noma isigaxa esincane endaweni yesikhumba eduze komfantu wendundu.

Izimbangela zokufiphala kwe-Anal

Ziningana izici ezinomthelela ekwakhekeni kwemifantu endunu:

• Ukuzikhandla ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwamathumbu kungase kulimaze izicubu zangemuva ezizwelayo.
• Ukudlula indle eqinile noma enkulu 
• Okungapheliyo isifo sohudo 
• Zokubeletha 
• Ucansi lwendunu 

Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuqhekeka kwe-anal yilezi:

• Isifo sikaCrohn noma esinye isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo.
• I-Syphilis.
• HIV.
• Umdlavuza wendunu.
• Isifo sofuba.

Sifo

Ngaphezu kokubuyekeza umlando wakho wezokwelapha, udokotela wakho cishe uzokwenza ukuhlola ngokomzimba okuhlanganisa ukuhlola ngokucophelela indawo yakho yangasese. Ukuze unqume ukuthi unenkinga ewumsuka yini, umhlinzeki wakho angaluleka ngokuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Ukuhlola kungase kuhlanganise:

• I-Anoscopy noma i-sigmoidoscopy: Ishubhu elincane elikhanyisiwe lisetshenziswa kulezi zinqubo ukuhlola ididi nerectum eduze. 
• I-Colonoscopy: Ishubhu eliguquguqukayo lifakwa ku-rectum yakho ukuze libuke ikholoni yakho yonke phakathi nale nqubo.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Anal Fissure

Imifantu engemuva ingase iphole ekhaya ngemva kwamaviki ambalwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele. Ukwandisa i-fiber eningi kungasiza ukuthambisa indle futhi kuvimbele ukuqunjelwa, okungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuqhekeka kwendunu. Uma izimpawu zakho zingaqedi ngamakhambi emvelo e-anal fissure, cishe uzodinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe. Izinga kanye nokuphikelela kwezimpawu kunquma inkambo yokwelapha imifantu ye-anal:

• Imithi yokwelapha: Ukufakwa kokhilimu noma amafutha okugcoba ukuphumuza i-anal sphincter nokukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa.
• Umjovo we-botulinum toxin: Lokhu kungasiza ukukhulula umsipha we-anal sphincter.
• Imithi yomfutho wegazi: Imithi eyehlisa umfutho wegazi futhi iphumuze i-anal sphincter.  
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu noma ama-fissures angapheli, ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa kungase kudingeke ukuze kulungiswe izinyembezi.

Izingozi Zezingozi

Izici ezithile zandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa imifantu ye-anal:

• Ukuqunjelwa okungapheli noma isifo sohudo
• Ukudla okune-fiber ephansi
• Ukukhuluphala
• Zokubeletha 
• Iminyaka yobudala (izinsana ezisencane nabantu abadala basengozini enkulu)
• Isifo samathumbu okuvuvukala, isifo sikaCrohn noma i-ulcerative colitis

Izinkinga

Izinkinga zemifantu engemuva engalashwa zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu obungapheliyo
• Ukuphinda. 
• Ukwakheka komfantu ongapheli wendunu
• Ukutheleleka
• Ukwakheka kwe-abscess noma i-fistula
• Unyembezi olufinyelela emisipheni eseduze

Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga ngokushesha kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezempilo uma:

• Ubuhlungu nokopha akupheli ngamakhambi asekhaya.
• Ubona izimpawu zokutheleleka (ubuhlungu obandayo, ukuvuvukala, ukukhishwa)
• Unemifantu ephindelelayo endunu

Amakhambi Asekhaya E-Anal Fissure

Ukwelashwa kwe-anal fistula ekhaya, amakhambi asebenzayo asekhaya afaka:

• Ukwandisa i-fiber yokudla kwakho
• Izithambisa indle: Imithi etholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta ingasiza ukuthambisa indle.
• Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi ukuze ulondoloze indle ethambile.
• Ukucwiliswa emanzini afudumele imizuzu engu-10-15 izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.
• Ukuba nesisu ngaphandle kokuzikhandla. 

Nakuba lawa makhambi asekhaya angasebenza, kubalulekile ukuthintana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ukuze uthole izimpawu eziqhubekayo.

Indlela Yokunqanda I-Fissure

Izindlela zokuvimbela i-anal fissure zingabandakanya:

• Gcina ukudla okune-fiber ephezulu
• Hlala u-hydrated 
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo
• Zijwayeze ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwendunu

Isiphetho

Imifantu ephuma endunu ijwayeleke kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile ayibucayi. Nokho, zingaba buhlungu kakhulu. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi ziyavinjelwa futhi ziyalawuleka ngoshintsho oluthile ekudleni, emithini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, nezinqubo zezokwelapha. Kuyancomeka ukuthi uthintane nodokotela uma izimpawu ziqhubeka isikhathi eside noma kukhona into oyibheka njengefanele ukunakwa udokotela ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okufanele kanye nencwadi kadokotela. Ukuqonda imifantu endunu kungasiza umuntu enze izinqumo ezingcono zezempilo futhi athole ukunakekelwa okufika ngesikhathi kwalesi simo esibuhlungu. 

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Q1. Ingabe imifantu engemuva ivamile?

Izimpendulo. Yebo. Ukuqhekeka kwe-anal kuvamile kakhulu. Abantu babo bonke ubudala bangathola imifantu endunu, ngisho nezingane zisencane kanye nabantu asebekhulile. Nakuba zihlangene nazo ukuqunjelwa kanye nokucindezela ngenkathi kudlula ukunyakaza kwamathumbu, kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yezinye izizathu futhi kungumthombo oyinhloko wobuhlungu nokungahambi kahle esifundeni se-anus.

Q2. I-fissure yangemuva ingahlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Izimpendulo. I-acute fissure yangemuva ayihlali isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili kuya kwamane uma ilawulwa ngokwanele. Uma ithatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ayisithupha, ingabhekwa 'njengengapheli'' futhi ingase idinge ukwelashwa okwengeziwe noma ukungenelela okwengeziwe kwezokwelapha ukuze kwelapheke.

Q3. Kungani ngilokhu ngithola imifantu endunu?

Izimpendulo. Ukuqunjelwa, isifo sohudo noma ukucindezelwa ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwamathumbu kuyimbangela evamile yokuqubuka kwemifantu endunu. Ukungena emanzini okwanele, ukuntuleka kwe-fiber eyanele, kanye nezimo zezokwelapha ezingaphansi ezifana nesifo samathumbu okuvuvukala kungaba nomthelela omkhulu.

UDkt. Unmesh Takalkar

MS, MEDS FUICC, FAIS, FIAGES, FACG, FASGE, MSSAT
Izibhedlela Ezihlangene ze-CIIGMA (Iyunithi Yezibhedlela ze-CARE), Chh. Sambhajinagar

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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