I-Aortic stenosis

I-aortic stenosis ithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Lesi simo senhliziyo siqala lapho i-aorta valve incipha, okwenza kube nzima ngenhliziyo ukumpompa igazi kuwo wonke umzimba. I-aortic stenosis ingathinta kakhulu izinga lempilo nempilo yomuntu. Ukuqonda lesi simo senhliziyo kubalulekile ukuze sisheshe sitholakale futhi silashwe ngendlela efanele. Ake siqonde ukuthi iyini i-aortic stenosis, izinhlobo ezahlukene zayo, nokuthi iyini imbangela. 

Siyini Isifo Se-Aortic Stenosis?

I-aortic stenosis yisimo esibucayi se-valve yenhliziyo esenzeka lapho i-valve ye-aorta, eyodwa yamavalvu amane enhliziyweni, incipha noma ivimbe. Lokhu kuncipha kuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi kusuka ku-ventricle yesokunxele ukuya ku-aorta, okwenza kube nzima ngenhliziyo ukumpompa igazi elanele kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Ngenxa yalokho, kunganciphisa inani lomoya-mpilo ofinyelela izitho ezibalulekile nezicubu.

Ivalvu ye-aorta ivamise ukuba nama-flap amathathu (amapheshana) avulekayo ukuze igazi lidlule bese livala ukuze kuvinjwe ukugeleza emuva. Lawa mapheshana angase abe lukhuni, aminyene, noma ahlanganiswe ku-aortic stenosis, avimbele ukusebenza kwawo okufanele. Lesi simo singabangela izimpawu nezimpawu ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphelelwa umoya, nokuquleka. Uma ingelashwa, i-aortic stenosis ingabangela ukulimala kwenhliziyo futhi ibe yingozi empilweni.

Izinhlobo ze-Aortic Stenosis

I-aortic stenosis ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokusekelwe kumsuka wayo nezici. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu yilezi: 

• I-Congenital aortic stenosis yenzeka lapho i-valve ye-aorta ingakhi kahle ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwengane. Ingaveza njengamavalvu e-unicuspid, bicuspid, tricuspid, noma i-quadricuspid. I-congenital aortic stenosis evame kakhulu i-bicuspid aortic valve stenosis, ethinta cishe u-2% wabantu. 
• I-aortic stenosis etholakalayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ivame ukuhlangana nayo. Kuvela ekunciphiseni ukuvuleka kwevalvu ye-aorta ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene, ezifana nokubala noma i-rheumatic Isifo senhliziyo. 
• Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kusiza odokotela ukuthi banqume indlela yokwelashwa efanele kakhulu yeziguli ezine-aortic stenosis.

Izinkinga ze-Aortic Stenosis

I-aortic stenosis inezimbangela eziningana, njenge: 

• Ukuguga: Njengoba abantu bekhula, ama-valve abo e-aortic abalwa. Le nqubo yenza i-valve iqine futhi ibe mncane. 
• Ukukhubazeka Kokuzalwa: Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo yokuzalwa, njenge-valve ye-aortic ye-bicuspid, kungase kuholele ku-aortic stenosis. Emazweni ampofu nasathuthuka, isifo senhliziyo esibuhlungu siyimbangela enkulu. 
• Ukutheleleka: Uma amagciwane avela ezifweni ezingalashiwe, njenge-scarlet fever kanye ne-strep throat, efinyelela ukujikeleza kwegazi, angakha kuma-valve enhliziyo futhi awalimaze.
• Ezinye Izimbangela: Ezinye izici ezibangela i-aortic stenosis zihlanganisa umfutho wegazi ophezulu, amazinga e-lipid angavamile, isifo sikashukela, nesifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona.

Izimpawu ze-Aortic Stenosis

I-aortic stenosis ivame ukukhula kancane kancane; abanye abantu bangase bangaziboni izimpawu iminyaka. Nokho, njengoba isimo siqhubeka, kungase kubonakale izimpawu ezihlukahlukene. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa: 

• ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina
• Ukuphelelwa umoya (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokomzimba noma lapho ulele)
• Ukukhathala okuphazamisa imisebenzi evamile
• isiyezi  
• Ikhanda elikhanyayo noma ngisho nokuquleka 
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, okubhakuzayo
• Abantu ngabanye baqaphela ukwehla kwekhono labo lokwenza imisebenzi evamile yomzimba. 
• Ukuvuvukala emaqakaleni, ezinyaweni nasemlenzeni ongezansi

Izingozi Zezingozi

Kunezici eziningana ezandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-aortic stenosis, njenge: 

• I-genetic predisposition ingase ibe nengxenye kwabanye abantu. 
• Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. Ukuvama kwe-calcific aortic sclerosis, isandulela se-aortic stenosis, kusuka ku-9% kuya ku-45% ezigulini ezineminyaka engu-54 kuya ku-81. 
• Abesilisa yibo abathinteka kakhulu. 
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Ukukhuluphala, ikakhulukazi ukusatshalaliswa kwamafutha esisu
• Ukubhema
• Amazinga e-lipid angejwayelekile
• Diabetes 
• Isifo sezinso ezingapheli 

Izinkinga ze-Aortic Stenosis

I-aortic stenosis ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu uma ishiywe ingalashwa, njenge: 

• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kuyinkinga evamile, njengoba inhliziyo idonsa kanzima ukumpompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo. 
• Lesi simo singabangela ukuqina nokuqina kwemisipha yenhliziyo, okuholela ekuphathekeni kwesifuba. 
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wamaphaphu kungenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwengcindezi ku-ventricle yesokunxele.
• Ezigabeni ezithuthukile, iziguli zingase zibe nezikhathi zokuquleka noma zilahlekelwe ukwazi.
• Ezinye iziguli zingase futhi zibe sengcupheni ye-cerebral noma i-systemic emboli kusukela ekufakweni kwe-calcific ku-valve.
• Ukufa kungazelelwe kuyingozi, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezinezimpawu ezinzima. 
• Ezinye izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zihlanganisa ukungahambi kahle, ukwanda kwengozi ye-endocarditis ethathelwanayo, nezinkinga zokopha. 

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Aortic stenosis

Ukuxilongwa kwe-aortic stenosis kuhilela inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa ngokomzimba kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kokuxilonga. 

• Ukuhlolwa Komzimba: Odokotela babheka izimpawu ezivamile ze-aortic stenosis, njengokuvuvukala emilenzeni nasezinyaweni zakho eziphansi. Besebenzisa i-stethoscope, bangase futhi bezwe ukububula kwenhliziyo, uphawu oluphawulekayo lwe-aortic stenosis.  
• I-Echocardiography: Ithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuqinisekisa i-aortic stenosis i-echocardiography, esiza ukuhlola i-valve morphology, ukunyakaza kokuvula, nokuqina kodonga. 
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG noma EKG): Lokhu kuhlola kukala ukusebenza kukagesi wenhliziyo.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Doppler: Izilinganiso ze-Doppler zisiza ukukala ubulukhuni be-aortic stenosis ngokulinganisa isivinini esiphezulu se-transvalvular, i-mean pressure gradient, kanye nendawo ye-aortic valve. 
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: I-Angiography, izikena ze-cardiac computerized tomography (CT) kanye ne-MRIs yenhliziyo inikeza isithombe esinemininingwane senhliziyo nezakhiwo zamavalvula. 
• I-Catheterization: Kwezinye izimo, i-catheterization yenhliziyo ingase idingeke ukuze kutholakale ukuxilongwa okuqondile.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Aortic stenosis

Indlela yokwelapha i-aortic stenosis incike ebukhoneni bezimpawu kanye nobukhulu besimo. 

• Ukuqapha: Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila kungase kwanele ezimweni ezithambile. Nokho, njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, kudingeka ukungenelela okunonya. 
• Ukwelashwa Kwezokwelapha Kwe-Aortic Stenosis: Odokotela banikeza imithi ehlukahlukene yokuphatha nokwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo. 
• Ukungenelela Ngokuhlinzwa: Izinketho zokwelashwa eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukulungiswa kwe-valve nokushintshwa. 
• I-Balloon valvuloplasty, inqubo ehlasela kancane, inganweba i-valve ewumngcingo, inikeze ukukhululeka kwesikhashana. 
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, odokotela basikisela inqubo yokushintsha i-valve. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okuvulekile kwendabuko noma kusetshenziswa amasu amasha, angavaleli kakhulu njenge-transcatheter ukushintshwa kwe-aortic valve (TAVR). 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Uma usola ukuthi une-aortic stenosis, kubalulekile ukubonana nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngokushesha. Thola usizo lwezempilo uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba noma ukuqina, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphelelwa umoya, noma ukuquleka. Uma ucabangela ukukhulelwa futhi une-aortic stenosis, kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho kusengaphambili. Kulabo asebevele baxilongwa, thintana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona izimpawu ezintsha noma eziba nzima, njengokukhathala okwenyukayo, amaqakala avuvukele, noma ubunzima bokulala.

Ukuvimbela

Nakuba ungeke ukwazi ukuvimbela ngokuphelele i-aortic stenosis, izinguquko ezithile endleleni yokuphila zingasiza ukugcina impilo yenhliziyo futhi ingase ibambezele ukuqhubeka kwayo, njenge:

• Ukudla ukudla okunenhliziyo enhle okucebile ngezithelo, imifino, nokusanhlamvu kuyilapho unciphisa usawoti oweqile namafutha agcwele kubalulekile. 
• Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, njengokuhamba ngokushesha imizuzu engu-30 nsuku zonke, kungasiza ekulawuleni isisindo nokulawula izici eziyingozi. 
• Ukuyeka ukubhema nokulawula ingcindezi nge-yoga, ukucabangela, noma amaqembu okusekela nakho kunenzuzo. 
• Kubalulekile ukulawula ezinye izimo zenhliziyo njenge-hypertension kanye namazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini. 
• Ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo njalo kubalulekile, njengoba kunokuhlobana phakathi kwesifo sezinsini nokuvuvukala kwenhliziyo. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo kwaminyaka yonke kungasiza ekutholeni izimpawu zokuqala ze-aortic stenosis noma ezinye izifo ze-valve yenhliziyo.

Isiphetho

I-aortic stenosis yisimo esibucayi senhliziyo esithinta izigidi emhlabeni wonke. Kwenzeka lapho i-aorta valve incipha, okwenza kube nzima ngenhliziyo ukupompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo. Ukuqonda i-aortic stenosis kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale kusenesikhathi nokuphathwa ngendlela efanele. Nakuba ingenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo kungasiza ekugcineni impilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Uma uba nezimpawu ezinjengokuphelelwa umoya, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ukuquleka, bonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokwelashwa, abantu abaningi abane-aortic stenosis bangaphila impilo egcwele futhi esebenzayo.

FAQ sika

1. I-aortic stenosis ivame kangakanani?

I-aortic stenosis ivame kakhulu ngokuya ngeminyaka. Kuthinta cishe u-5% wabantu abaneminyaka yobudala engama-65, futhi ukwanda kwesifo kuyanda emaqenjini abantu abadala. Kulabo abaneminyaka engu-75 nangaphezulu, ukusabalala kukhuphukela ku-12.4%, nge-aortic stenosis enzima ekhona ku-3.4% yaleli qembu lobudala.

2. Ingabe ukuhlinzwa ukuphela kwendlela yokuqina kwe-aortic?

Ukuhlinzwa akuyona njalo ukuphela kwendlela ye-aortic stenosis. Isu lokwelapha ngokuvamile lincike ekubeni khona kwezimpawu kanye nobukhulu besimo. Ezimweni ezibucayi, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kanye noshintsho lwendlela yokuphila kungase kwanele. Imithi ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu, kodwa ayikwazi ukwelapha lesi simo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukulungiswa kwe-valve noma ukushintshwa kungase kudingeke.

3. Ungakwazi yini ukululama ku-aortic stenosis?

Ukubuyiselwa kwe-aortic stenosis kuncike endleleni yokwelapha. Izindlela zokuhlinza ngokuvamile zinezikhathi zokululama ezinde kunezindlela ze-transcatheter njengebhaluni i-valvuloplasty ne-TAVR. Ngokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi noma kusenesikhathi, umbono we-aortic stenosis ngokuvamile muhle kakhulu. 

4. Ingabe ukuhamba kuhle nge-aortic stenosis?

Ukuzivocavoca umzimba njalo, kuhlanganise nokuhamba, kungazuzisa abantu abane-aortic stenosis. Nokho, odokotela kufanele balungise izinga lomsebenzi ukuze livumelane nesimo somuntu. Odokotela bavame ukutusa ukuvivinya umzimba okuvamile kwalabo abane-aortic stenosis ethambile noma abangenazo izimpawu. Iziguli ezine-aorta stenosis emaphakathi zingase zidinge ukunciphisa umsebenzi wazo. Hlala uthintana nodokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko esiqondene nawe.

5. Yikuphi ukudla okungcono kakhulu kwe-aortic stenosis?

Nakuba kungekho ukudla okuqondile okuqinisekisiwe ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha i-aortic stenosis, odokotela ngokuvamile batusa uhlelo lokudla okunempilo yenhliziyo. Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa ukudla ukudla okunosawoti omncane namafutha okucebile nezithelo, imifino, nokusanhlamvu. Ukuzivivinya okuvamile kanye nohlelo lokudla olulinganiselayo kungasiza ukuphatha izici eziyingozi ezihlobene ne-aortic stenosis.

6. Abantu bathola i-aortic stenosis eneminyaka emingaki?

I-aortic stenosis ingenzeka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, kodwa ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Akuvamile kulabo abaneminyaka engaphansi kuka-65 ngaphandle uma kukhona okungavamile kokuzalwa. Ingozi ikhula kakhulu ngokukhula, ngokukhuphuka okuphawulekayo kokuvama ngemva kweminyaka engama-65. I-aortic stenosis ivame ukubangelwa isifo se-bicuspid aortic valve emaqenjini amancane.

CARE Medical Team