Isifo Sokuqaqamba Kwamalunga

Ubuwazi ukuthi isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga sithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke? Lesi simo esivamile sibangela ubuhlungu, ukuqina, nokuvuvukala emalungeni ahlukahlukene, okwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe inselele kulabo abaphila nayo. Isifo samathambo singathinta kakhulu izinga lempilo, kodwa ukuqonda izimpawu zaso, izimbangela, nezindlela zokwelashwa kungasiza abantu ukuba balawule isimo sabo ngokuphumelelayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-arthritis, izimpawu zazo, kanye nezimbangela ezingase zibe khona. 

Kuyini Isifo Samathambo?

I-arthritis ngokwezwi nezwi isho ukuvuvukala kwamalunga. Ibhekisela eqenjini lezifo ezithinta amalunga, ezibangela ubuhlungu, ukuqina, nokuvuvukala. Amalunga yilapho kuhlangana khona amathambo amabili, njengendololwane, iminwe noma idolo. Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-arthritis zihlanganisa ubuhlungu, ukuqina, ukuhamba okulinganiselwe, nokuvuvukala emalungeni kanye nezicubu ezizungezile.

Izinhlobo ze-Arthritis

I-arthritis ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100, ngalinye lithinta amalunga ngezindlela ezihlukile. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa: 

• I-osteoarthritis
• rheumatoid arthritis 
• Isifo samathambo we-Psoriatic 
• fibromyalgia 
• sifo 
• Ezinye izinhlobo zihlanganisa i-lupus, engathinta amalunga nezitho eziningi, kanye nesifo samathambo sezingane, esenzeka ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16.

Izimpawu ze-Arthritis

I-arthritis ibonakala ngezimpawu ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezithinta amalunga. 

• Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:
• ubuhlungu Joint, kusukela kokumnene kuya kokunzima 
• Ukuqina noma ibanga elincishisiwe lokunyakaza
• Ukuvuvukala noma ukuvuvukala endaweni ethintekile
• Ubumnene noma ukuzwela ukuthinta 
• Abantu abanesifo samathambo bangase babone ukuguquguquka kwesikhumba emalungeni abo, ngokuvamile abonakale ebomvu noma evuvukele. 
• Abanye abantu baba nomuzwa wokushisa noma ukufudumala eduze kwamalunga abo, okungaba uphawu lokuvuvukala okusebenzayo.

Izinkinga ze-Arthritis

I-arthritis inezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngohlobo oluthile, okuhlanganisa: 

• I-osteoarthritis, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, yenzeka ngokwemvelo njengoba abantu bekhula. Kubangelwa ukuguga nokulimala koqwanga olubamba iziphetho zamathambo emalungeni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo monakalo ungaholela ekutheni amathambo agaye ngqo ethanjeni, okubangela ubuhlungu nokunyakaza okuvinjelwe. Ukulimala kwamalunga noma izifo kungasheshisa le nqubo.
• Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-rheumatoid arthritis yisifo esizimele. Amasosha omzimba ahlasela ngephutha ulwelwesi lwe-capsule ehlangene, okubangela ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala. Lokhu kuvuvukala kungagcina kucekele phansi i-cartilage nethambo ngaphakathi kwelunga.
• I-Gout iqala lapho kune-uric acid eningi egazini. 
• Ukutheleleka ngegciwane, okuhlanganisa i-COVID-19, ingabangela isifo samathambo esibangelwa amagciwane. 
• Ngezinye izikhathi, i-arthritis ivela ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile, odokotela ababiza ngokuthi i-idiopathic arthritis.

Izinto Eziyingozi Ze-Arthritis

I-arthritis ingathinta noma ubani, kodwa izici ezithile zandisa amathuba okuba nalesi simo, njenge: 

• Ingozi yezinhlobo eziningi ze-arthritis (i-osteoarthritis, i-rheumatoid arthritis, ne-gout) iyanda njengoba abantu bekhula.
• Abesifazane bathambekele kakhulu ekubeni ne-osteoarthritis, i-rheumatoid arthritis, ne-fibromyalgia, kuyilapho amadoda ebhekene nengozi enkulu ye-gout.
• Abantu abanabazali noma izingane zakini ezinesifo samathambo bangase babe maningi amathuba okuba bahlakulele lesi simo ngokwabo.
• Ukukhuluphala ibeka ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe emalungeni, ikakhulukazi amadolo, izinqulu, nomgogodla, okwandisa ingozi ye-knee osteoarthritis.
• Ukulimala okuhlangene kwangaphambilini, okufana nalokhu okuqhubekayo phakathi nemidlalo, kungaholela ku-osteoarthritis endaweni ethintekile kamuva ekuphileni.
• Ukubhema kuphakamisa ingozi ye-rheumatoid arthritis futhi kungenza izimpawu ezikhona ze-arthritis zibe zimbi.
• Ukutheleleka okuthile kubangela ukuvuvukala kwamalunga, okungase kwandise ingozi ye-arthritis.
• Eminye imisebenzi ehilela ukucindezeleka kwamalunga okuphindaphindiwe noma ukuchayeka ezintweni ezithile ingase yandise ingozi yesifo samathambo.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Arthritis

Ukuxilonga isifo samathambo kungaba yinselele ngenxa yokuba khona kwezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezinezimpawu ezifanayo. Odokotela bamathambo basebenzisa indlela ebanzi yokwenza ukuxilongwa okunembile. 

• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Odokotela babuyekeza umlando wezokwelapha wesiguli, bebuza ngezifo zangaphambilini, ukulimala, umlando womndeni we-arthritis, nemithi yamanje. Baphinde babuze ngezimpawu ezithile, okuhlanganisa indawo yobuhlungu, ubude besikhathi, ukushuba, kanye nezici ezizenza zibe zimbi kakhulu noma ezidambisayo.
• Ukuhlola Umzimba: Odokotela bazohlola amalunga ukuthi avuvukele, abomvu, futhi afudumele yini. Bahlola ububanzi bokunyakaza kwesiguli kanye nomsebenzi ohlangene jikelele. 
• Ukuhlolwa Kwaselabhorethri: 
  • Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Isithombe segazi sisiza ukukala amazinga e-antibody, inani legazi eliphelele, nezimpawu zokuvuvukala njenge-C-reactive protein kanye ne-erythrocyte sedimentation rate. 
  • Ukuhlaziywa Koketshezi Oluhlangene: Ukuhlaziya uketshezi oluhlangene olufisayo nge-arthrocentesis kunganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile.
  • Izindlela Zokucabanga: Ama-X-ray, ama-MRIs, nama-CT scan anikeza isithombe esicacile sempilo ehlangene. 
  • I-Arthroscopy: Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase benze i-arthroscopy ukuze bahlole ingaphakathi lejoyinti ngokuqondile.

Ukwelapha Isifo Samathambo

Nakuba lingekho ikhambi le-arthritis, amakhambi ahlukahlukene esikhathi esifushane nawesikhathi eside e-arthritis asiza ukuphatha lesi simo ngempumelelo.

• Ukwelashwa Kwesikhashana: 
  • Imithi efana ne-nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) ukudambisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala
  • Ukwelapha ukushisa nokubanda
  • I-Joint immobilisation kanye ne-massage
  • Ukuvusa izinzwa kagesi ka-Transcutaneous (Tens)
  • I-acupuncture noma ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphikisayo ezifana nokhilimu oqukethe i-menthol noma i-capsaicin
• Ukwelashwa Kwesikhathi Eside:
  • Izidakamizwa eziguqula izifo ze-antirheumatic (DMARDs) ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwe-arthritis ye-rheumatoid nokuvimbela ukulimala kwamalunga
  • I-Corticosteroids kanye ne-hyaluronic acid therapy ezinye izinketho
  • Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kungase kudingeke, okuhlanganisa ukulungiswa kwamalungu, ukushintshwa, noma ukuhlanganiswa

Izinkinga ze-Arthritis

I-arthritis ingabangela izinkinga ezihlukahlukene uma ishiywe ingagadiwe noma ilawulwa kabi, njenge:

• Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele kwe-arthritis, ukuvuvukala kungabangela umonakalo unomphela emathanjeni aseduze, uqwanga, nama-tendon. 
• I-Rheumatoid arthritis ingaholela ekuvuvukeni kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, okuhlanganisa amaphaphu, inhliziyo, amehlo, nemithambo yegazi, okuholela ezimweni eziningi, njenge-pleurisy, i-pericarditis, i-scleritis, ne-vasculitis.
• I-Carpal tunnel syndrome ingenye inkinga evamile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abane-arthritis ye-rheumatoid. Lesi simo sibangela ukuqaqamba, ukuba ndikindiki, nokuluma ezandleni ngenxa yokucindezelwa kwemizwa ephakathi.
• Ingozi yesifo senhliziyo iyanda kubantu abanesifo samathambo, okungase kuholele ezinkingeni ezisongela ukuphila njenge kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo futhi imivimbo. 
• I-rheumatoid arthritis yesikhathi eside ingandisa ingozi ye-myelopathy yomlomo wesibeletho, isimo esibucayi esithinta umgogodla esingadinga ukuhlinzwa.
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, isifo samathambo singenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe inselele, ithinte ikhono lomuntu lokuhamba ngokunethezeka noma ukugcina ukuma okufanele. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Kutuswa ukuthi wenze i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela uma:

• Izimpawu zamalunga ziqhubeka izinsuku ezintathu noma ngaphezulu
• Iziqephu eziningana zezimpawu ezihlangene zenzeka phakathi nenyanga
• Ukwelashwa kwasekhaya akusizanga ngemva kweviki
• Ubuhlungu buthinta amalunga amaningi
• Amalunga abuhlungu kakhulu
• Ubuhlungu abupheli ngemva kokuphumula
• Amalunga avele abomvu noma ashise

Prevention

Nakuba isifo samathambo singenakuvinjelwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, abantu bangathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa amalunga abuhlungu njengoba bekhula. 

• Ukugcina isisindo somzimba esinempilo kubalulekile, njengoba amakhilogremu amaningi ebeka ingcindezi emalungeni athwala isisindo. Ukulahlekelwa iphawundi elilodwa nje kungathatha amakhilogremu angu-4 okucindezela emadolweni kubantu abane-knee osteoarthritis.
• Ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kunendima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukuqaqamba kwamalunga. Iqinisa imisipha ezungeze amalunga, iwaqinise futhi ivikele ekugugeni. Odokotela noma abelapha ngokomzimba bangancoma inhlanganisela yokuzivocavoca:
  • Izivivinyo zokukhuthazela njengokuhamba noma ukubhukuda (imizuzu engama-30, izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto)
  • Ukuzivocavoca amandla usebenzisa izisindo noma amabhande okumelana (amaseshini ama-2 masonto onke)
  • Ukuzivocavoca okuvumelana nezimo njengokuzelula noma i-yoga (izinsuku ezi-4-5 ngesonto)
  • Linganisa ukuzivocavoca njenge-tai chi (izikhathi ezimbalwa ngesonto)
• Ezinye izinyathelo zokuvimbela zihlanganisa:
  • Ukusebenzisa izinto zokuphepha ezifanele ngesikhathi semidlalo
  • Ukuyeka ukubhema, okunganciphisa ingozi ye-rheumatoid arthritis
  • Ukusetha izindawo zokusebenza ze-ergonomic ukuvimbela ubunzima obuhlangene
  • Ukulawula ushukela wegazi, njengoba isifo sikashukela sixhunyaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe ye-osteoarthritis

Isiphetho

Nakuba i-arthritis ingase ingagwemeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, abantu ngabanye bangathatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokunciphisa ubungozi futhi balawule izimpawu ngempumelelo. Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, nokwamukela imikhuba yokuphila enempilo kubalulekile ukuze uvikele impilo yamalunga. Ngokuhlala unolwazi mayelana nesifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga nokusebenzisana eduze nodokotela, abantu bangakha amasu okuzenzela ukuze baphile kahle nalesi simo futhi banciphise imiphumela yaso ezimpilweni zabo.

FAQ sika

1. Sivame kangakanani isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga?

Isifo samathambo sithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngaphezu kwe-15% yabantu bane-arthritis emalungeni abo. I-osteoarthritis, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu, ithinta cishe amaphesenti angama-80 abantu abadala abadala kuno-55, cishe ama-60% anezimpawu ezibonakalayo.

2. I-arthritis ivame ukuqala eminyakeni emingaki?

Isifo samathambo singakhula kunoma ibuphi ubudala, ngisho nasezinganeni nasebancane. Nokho, iminyaka yokuqala iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo:

• I-osteoarthritis ngokuvamile ihlasela abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50.
• I-Rheumatoid arthritis ivame ukuqala phakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nengama-60.
• I-Gout ingahlasela amadoda aphakathi kweminyaka yawo-20 nabesifazane ngemva kokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini.
• I-Ankylosing spondylitis ivame ukwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka engama-20 no-30.

3. Iyiphi indlela eshesha kakhulu yokuqeda ubuhlungu be-arthritis?

Ukuze unciphise ngokushesha ubuhlungu be-arthritis, zama:

• Ukuthatha amaphilisi ezinhlungu 
• Ukusebenzisa ukushisa noma ukwelashwa okubandayo
• Sebenzisa ama-NSAID creams
• Ukuzivocavoca umzimba okumnene
• Ukuzama izindlela zokuphumula

4. Ingabe izinhlobo ezithile zesimo sezulu zenza isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga sibe sibi nakakhulu?

Abantu abaningi babika ukuthi isimo sezulu sithinta ubuhlungu babo be-arthritis. Izinsuku ezibandayo, ezinemvula kanye nezinguquko zokucindezela kwe-barometric ngokuvamile kubangela ukuqubuka. Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuhlobana phakathi kobuhlungu obuhlangene nomswakama, ukucindezela komoya, nesivinini somoya. Kodwa-ke, ubufakazi besayensi buxubile, futhi imiphumela ingahluka kumuntu nomuntu.

UDkt. Mir Zia Ur Rahaman Ali

MBBS, D.Ortho, DNB Ortho, MCh Orth (UK), AMPH (ISB)
CARE Medical Center, Tolichowki, Hyderabad, CARE Hospitals, Malakpet, Hyderabad, CARE Hospitals Outpatient Centre, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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