I-aestrosclerosis

I-Atherossteosis yisimo esithule kodwa esibucayi esithinta izigidi emhlabeni wonke. Sivame ukuzwa ngakho ezingxoxweni zezokwelapha, kodwa yini ngempela i-atherosclerosis? Kuyisifo esidala ukunqwabelana koqwembe emithanjeni, okuholela ekuncipheni nasekuqineni kwale mithambo yegazi ebalulekile. Le nqubo ingaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni, engase ibangele Isifo senhliziyo, imivimbo, nezinye izinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.

Kulesi sihloko, sizocwilisa ekujuleni nasekuphumeni kwe-atherosclerosis futhi sihlole ukuthi yini ebangela lesi simo, izimpawu nezimpawu ze-atherosclerosis, nezici eziyingozi ezenza abanye abantu bathambekele ekusithuthukiseni. 

Iyini i-Atherossteosis?

I-Atherossteosis yisimo esinomthelela emithanjeni. Kwenzeka lapho into enamathelayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-plaque yakheka ngaphakathi kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi. Lolu qweqwe lwamafutha luhlanganisa amafutha, cholesterol, i-calcium, nezinye izinto ezitholakala egazini. Njengoba lolu qweqwe lunqwabelana, lubangela imithambo ukuba ibe ugqinsi futhi ibe nzima, inciphise isikhala sokugeleza kwegazi.

Ungacabanga nge-atherosclerosis njengenqubo ehamba kancane engaqala kusukela ebuntwaneni futhi ibe yimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukuqina kwemithambo" ngoba kwenza izindonga ze-artery zingakwazi ukuguquguquka. Lokhu kuncipha kunganciphisa inani legazi eligcwele umoya-mpilo elifinyelela izitho nezicubu.

I-atherossteosis ingathinta imithambo yegazi kuwo wonke umzimba, okuhlanganisa leyo esenhliziyweni, ebuchosheni, ezingalweni, emilenzeni, nasezinso. I-atherosulinosis ingaholela ezinkingeni zempilo ezahlukahlukene kuye ngokuthi imiphi imithambo ethintekile.

Izinkinga ze-Atherossteosis

Asinaso isiqiniseko ngokuphelele sokuthi yini ebangela isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, kodwa siyazi ukuthi inqubo kancane kancane engaqala ekuqaleni kweminyaka yobusha. Isimo siqala ngokulimala kongqimba lwangaphakathi lomthambo. Lo monakalo ungaba nomthelela emithanjeni yegazi ngenxa yezinto ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa umfutho wegazi ophezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, ukubhema, isifo sikashukela, nokukhuluphala.

Uma udonga lomthambo selulimele, amangqamuzana egazi nezinye izinto ziqala ukwakheka endaweni yokulimala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amafutha, i<em>cholesterol, nezinye izinto ziqoqana ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, zenze uqweqwe. Lolu qweqwe lunciphisa imithambo, lunciphise ukugeleza kwegazi. I-plaque ngezinye izikhathi ingaqhuma, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwehlule legazi.

Ukuvuvukala nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ku-atherosclerosis. Ukuvuvukala okungapheli kungabangela ukukhululwa kwezinto ezihlukahlukene emzimbeni, okuqhubeka kube nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni lesi simo.

Izimpawu ze-Atherossteosis

Abantu ngokuvamile abaziboni izimpawu ze-atherosclerosis ezigabeni zayo zokuqala. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela lapho umthambo uncipha kakhulu noma uvalekile, okungaba nomthelela eqophelweni lempilo. Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-atherosclerosis ikakhulukazi zincike ekutheni iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba ethintekile, njenge:

• Uma lesi simo sithinta imithambo ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni, abantu bangase babe nenkinga yokuphefumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma ukukhathala. 
• Uma i-atherosclerosis ithinta imilenze, ingabangela ubuhlungu noma i-cramping lapho uhamba. 
• Uma i-atherosclerosis ithinta imithambo eholela ebuchosheni, abantu bangase babe nenkinga yenkumbulo noma babe buthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba. 

I-Atherossteosis Risk Factors

Kunezici eziningana ezingandisa amathuba okuthuthukisa i-atherosclerosis. Okunye kwalokhu asikwazi ukukulawula, njengokuguga nomlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo noma unhlangothi. Nokho, kunezici eziningi zobungozi ongazilawula, njenge: 

• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu
• Diabetes
• Amazinga aphezulu e-cholesterol egazini
• Ukungazivocavoci
• Ukukhuluphala
• Ukubhema 
• Izimo ezivuthayo ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis kanye ne-psoriasis  
• Kubantu abaningi, ukwakheka kwama-plaque kuqala ebuntwaneni futhi kuba kubi kakhulu njengoba bekhula, kanti ingozi iyanda ngemva kwama-45 kwabesilisa nama-55 kwabesifazane.

Izinkinga ze-Atherossteosis

I-Atherossteosis ithinta uhlelo lwenhliziyo, kepha izinkinga zayo zingafinyelela kude. Lapho i-plaque yakheka emithanjeni, iyayinciphisa, inciphise ukugeleza kwegazi ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba futhi kuholele ezinkingeni ezibucayi zempilo, njenge:

• Isifo se-artery Coronary
• Ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo 
• Imivimbo noma ukuhlasela kwe-ischemic kwesikhashana
• Isifo se-peripheral artery
• Aneurysms
• Isifo sezinso ezingapheli

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Atherossteosis

Kunezindlela eziningana zokuxilonga i-atherosclerosis:

• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Odokotela bavame ukubuza ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, umlando womndeni, kanye nemikhuba yokuphila. 
• Ukuhlola Umzimba: Odokotela ngokuvamile baqala ngokuhlola umzimba wonke, balalele inhliziyo nokugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni nge-stethoscope. Bangase bezwe umsindo ohlabayo (ukububula), ongabonisa ukuba khona kwe-plaque. 
• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ukuhlola amazinga e-cholesterol nokusebenza kwenhliziyo. 

Kwesinye isikhathi, odokotela bangenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe, njengokuthi:

• Angiography
• Inkomba ye-ankle-brachial
• Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe njengama-X-ray esifuba, ama-CT scan, nama-MRIs enhliziyo 
• I-Echocardiogram
• I-Electrocardiograms
• Ukuhlola ingcindezi 
• I-Ultrasound yemithambo ye-carotid kanye ne-aorta yesisu 
• Amasu amasha afana nezilinganiso ze-carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT).

Ukwelashwa kwe-Atherosclerosis

Izinketho eziningi zokwelapha i-atherosclerosis zihlanganisa izinguquko zokuphila, imithi, nezinqubo zokuhlinzwa: 

• Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila ngokuvamile kwakha isisekelo sokwelashwa, okugxile ohlelweni lokudla okunempilo, ukuvivinya umzimba njalo, nokuyeka ukubhema. 
• Imithi idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni izinto eziyingozi kanye nokwelapha izinkinga. Lokhu kungabandakanya ama-statins okwehlisa i-cholesterol, imishanguzo yomfutho wegazi, kanye nezidakamizwa ze-antiplatelet vimbela amahlule egazi. 
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, odokotela bangenza izinqubo ezifana ne-angioplasty noma ukuhlinzwa kwe-coronary artery bypass ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni evinjiwe.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Kufanele ubonane nodokotela uma usola ukuthi une-atherosclerosis. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezimpawu ze-atherosclerosis kanye nokungeniswa kokwelashwa ngokushesha kungavimbela lesi simo ukuthi singabi sibi kakhulu futhi kwehlise nengozi yakho yezinkinga ezisongela ukuphila. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi banama-plaque akheke kuze kube yilapho behlangabezana nesimo esiphuthumayo esifana nesifo sohlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo. Ungabona izimpawu ze-atherosclerosis uma umthambo wakho uvalekile ngaphezu kuka-70%. Nokho, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi kungenzeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu eziyisixwayiso. Ukuhlolwa njalo kubalulekile, njengoba odokotela bangase babone ukunqwabelana kwama-plaque ngaphambi kokuba kube kubi kakhulu. Uma uba ndikindiki kungazelelwe, ubuthakathaka, ukukhuluma kabi, noma ukulahlekelwa umbono okwesikhashana, kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Prevention

Ungathatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa i-atherosclerosis, kuhlanganise: 

• Ukwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo kubalulekile, kusukela ebuntwaneni futhi uqhubeke kukho konke ukuphila. Lokhu kubandakanya ukungabhemi noma ukufutha kanye nokudla ukudla okunomsoco okunothiswe ezithelweni, imifino, okusanhlamvu, kanye namaprotheni angenalutho.
• Yiba matasa ngokomzimba. Kufanele uhlose okungenani imizuzu engu-150 yokuzivocavoca okunamandla noma imizuzu engu-75 yokuzivocavoca okusheshayo masonto onke. 
• Ukulawula ingcindezi ngemikhuba efana ne-yoga noma ukuphefumula okujulile nakho kungasiza ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi. 
• Uma usengozini ngenxa yomlando womndeni noma i-cholesterol ephezulu, ukuphuza imithi njengoba uyalelwe udokotela wakho kubalulekile. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okuvamile kubalulekile ukuze kuqashwe umfutho wegazi lakho, i-cholesterol, namazinga eglucose egazini.

Isiphetho

I-Atherossteosis inomthelela empilweni ngezindlela abantu abangaziboni ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kuyisimo esisinyonyobela, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwezimpawu kuze kube yilapho sesithuthuke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekela impilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kubalulekile. Ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila ehlakaniphile, ukuhlala uphezulu ekuhlolweni kwakho kwezempilo, nokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha lapho kudingeka, unganciphisa ingozi ye-atherosclerosis kanye nezinkinga zayo. Khumbula, impilo yenhliziyo yakho isezandleni zakho, futhi izinyathelo ezincane namuhla zingaholela ezinzuzweni ezibalulekile emgwaqeni.

FAQ sika

1. Ingabe isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi singelashwa?

Ukwelashwa kwesifo se-atherosulinosis kufaka phakathi izinguquko zokuphila, imithi, kanye nezinqubo zokuhlinzwa ngezinye izikhathi. Ithimba lakho lezokunakekelwa kwempilo lingakha uhlelo oluqondene nawe lokwehlisa amathuba okuba namahlule egazi, livimbele izinkinga, lidambise izimpawu, futhi lithuthukise ukugeleza kwegazi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukulandela ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca njalo, nokuyeka ukubhema. Imithi ingasiza ekulawuleni izinto eziyingozi njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, nesifo sikashukela. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, izinqubo ezifana ne-angioplasty noma ukuhlinzwa kwe-bypass kungase kudingeke ukuze kwandiswe imithambo yegazi noma ukudlula ukuvaleka.

2. I-atherosclerosis iqala eminyakeni emingaki?

I-atherosulinosis ingaqala ebuntwaneni, yize ukubonakaliswa kwayo komtholampilo kuvame ukuvela eminyakeni ephakathi. Ucwaningo lwe-autopsy lubonise ubufakazi bokuthi ama-fatty streaks emithanjeni yezingane ezineminyaka engu-10-14 ubudala. Inqubo ingaqala zisencane, ngolunye ucwaningo oluthola ama-fatty streaks ku-29% we-aortas kulabo abangaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala. Nokho, lezi zinguquko zincane ezinganeni eziningi futhi zingancishiswa noma zivinjwe ngendlela yokuphila enempilo.

3. Uqinisekisa kanjani i-atherosclerosis?

Ungaqinisekisa i-atherosclerosis ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezihlukahlukene zokuxilonga. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola i-cholesterol namazinga kashukela egazini kanye nezinqubo zokucabanga ezifana ne-angiography, i-electrocardiograms (ECG), ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka, nama-CT scan. Amasu amasha afana nezilinganiso ze-carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) angathola izinguquko zakuqala zemithambo, ngisho nasezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebasha.

4. Yikuphi ukudla okwehlisa i-atherosclerosis?

Ungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi ye-atherosclerosis ngokudla ukudla okunothiswe kuma-antioxidants nama-omega-3 fatty acids. Izinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphakeme nge-omega-3s, zingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka kwama-plaque emithanjeni. Utamatisi no-anyanisi aqukethe izinhlanganisela ezisekela impilo ye-artery. Izithelo ezisawolintshi zinikeza ama-flavonoid angase abe nenzuzo. Izinongo ezinjenge-ginger nesinamoni, imbewu yefilakisi, imifino ye-cruciferous, ama-beet, ama-oats, amantongomane, imifino enamaqabunga, ushokoledi omnyama namafutha omnqumo konke kuxhumene nokuvimbela ukuqina kwe-atherosclerosis. 

UDkt. Chanakya Kishore Kammaripalli

MBBS, MD, DM (Cardiology) (AIIMS), FACC, FSCAI
CARE Medical Center, Tolichowki, Hyderabad, CARE Hospitals, HITEC City, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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