atrial Fibrillation

I-Atrial fibrillation (AF) isifo esivamile sesigqi senhliziyo. Kungaba nomthelela eqophelweni lempilo yomuntu. I-Atrial fibrillation, evame ukubizwa nge-AFib, kwenzeka lapho amagumbi angaphezulu enhliziyo eshaya ngokungavamile futhi engavumelani namagumbi angaphansi. Lokhu kungabangela izimpawu nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene, okwenza ukuqonda nokuphatha kubaluleke kakhulu. 

Iyini i-Atrial Fibrillation? 

I-Atrial fibrillation, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-AFib noma i-AF, iwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesifo esingavamile sesigqi senhliziyo. Kwenzeka lapho amagumbi angaphezulu enhliziyo (atria) ethola ukusebenza kukagesi okungavamile, okubangela ukuba aqhaqhazele noma "ama-fibrillate". Ngokufanelekile, kufanele babe nenkontileka evamile. Lokhu kuholela ekushayeni kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile futhi okuvamise ukushesha, okungaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomuntu. 

Enhliziyweni enempilo, izinga ngokuvamile liphakathi kuka-60 no-100 ukushaya ngomzuzu lapho uphumule. Kodwa-ke, nge-atrial fibrillation, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kungase kube okungavamile kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kudlule ukushaya kwe-100 ngomzuzu. Lokhu kungahambi kahle kusho ukuthi inhliziyo ayilimpompa igazi ngendlela efanele, okungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukene. 

Izinhlobo ze-Atrial Fibrillation (Afib) 

I-Atrial fibrillation (AFib) ihlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuthi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi isabela kanjani ekwelashweni: 

• I-Paroxysmal AFib: Ibonakala ngeziqephu ezifika zidlule, ngokuvamile ezithatha isikhathi esingaphansi kweviki. Lezi ziqephu zivame ukuma phakathi namahora angu-48 ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Abantu abane-paroxysmal AFib bangase bahlangabezane nezenzakalo ezimfushane ezidlula ngaphandle kwezimpawu noma bazizwe ngokuqinile. 
• I-AFib eqhubekayo: Ihlala okungenani izinsuku eziyisikhombisa zilandelana futhi ngokuvamile idinga ukwelashwa ukuze kubuyiselwe isigqi esivamile. Lolu hlobo luyathuthuka, okusho ukuthi lungaba lubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi lungagcina luhlala njalo. I-Persistent AFib ivamise ukuvela kubantu abebekade bene-paroxysmal AFib. 
• I-AFib Ephikelela Isikhathi Eside: Kulolu hlobo, isigqi senhliziyo esingavamile sihlala isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka ngaphandle kokuthuthuka. Lolu hlobo lwe-AFib luyinselele kakhulu ukuyelapha futhi lungadinga ukungenelela okunolaka. 
• I-AFib ehlala njalo: Ikhona ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi ayithuthuki ngokwelashwa. Kulesi simo, ukugxila kushintshela ekulawuleni izimpawu nokuvimbela izinkinga kunokuzama ukubuyisela isigqi senhliziyo esivamile. 

Izimpawu ze-Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) 

Izimpawu ze-Atrial fibrillation zingahluka kumuntu ngamunye, futhi abanye abantu bangase bangaziboni nhlobo izimpawu eziphawulekayo. Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-atrial fibrillation yilezi: 

• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile: Abantu bavame ukuchaza ukuzwa umuzwa osheshayo, obhakuzayo, noma oshaya ngamandla esifubeni sabo. 
• Ukukhathala: Ukukhathala ngokweqile kuwukukhononda njalo phakathi kwalabo abane-atrial fibrillation. 
• Ukuphelelwa umoya: Lokhu kungenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngokomzimba noma ngisho nalapho uphumule. 
• Isiyezi noma i-Lightheadedness: Isigqi senhliziyo esingavamile singabangela ukucwiliswa komfutho wegazi (hypotension), okuholela kule mizwa. 
• Ubuthakathaka: Abanye abantu bangase bazizwe bentula amandla noma amandla. 
• Ubuhlungu Besifuba noma Ukucindezela: Lolu phawu ludinga ukunakwa ngokushesha, okungase kubonise a isifo senhliziyo. 
• Amandla Okuzivocavoca Ancishisiwe: Abantu abane-atrial fibrillation bangase babe nobunzima bokwenza imisebenzi yomzimba. 
• ukukhathazeka: Ukuqaphela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile kungabangela imizwa yokukhathazeka noma yokungakhululeki. 

Izimbangela Nezingozi Ze-Atrial Fibrillation 

Kunezici eziningana ezingaba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-atrial fibrillation. Kunjalo: 

• Izimo zenhliziyo njenge-hypertension, isifo se-coronary artery, nesifo se-valve yenhliziyo 
• Izinkinga zezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa indlala yegilo esebenza ngokweqile, izifo zamaphaphu (njengeCOPD), kanye ne-apnea yokulala 
• Iminyaka yobudala idlala indima ebalulekile, namathuba okukhula kwe-atrial fibrillation njengoba abantu bekhula, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engama-65. 
• Umlando womndeni kanye nezakhi zofuzo kwandisa ukuthambekela kulesi simo 
• Izinketho zendlela yokuphila njengokuphuza utshwala ngokweqile, ukubhema, nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni 
• Ukukhuluphala & ukucindezeleka nakho kungaba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwe-atrial fibrillation 

Izinkinga ze-Atrial Fibrillation 

I-Atrial fibrillation ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo uma ingelashwa. Lokhu kubandakanya: 

• Amahlule Egazi: Lapho amagumbi angaphezulu enhliziyo evevezela esikhundleni sokuba abambe ngendlela evamile, igazi linganqwabelana bese kwakheka amahlule. Lawa mahlule angase ahambe ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, okubangela izinkinga ezinkulu. 
• Istroke: Abantu abanalesi simo banamathuba aphindwe kahlanu okuba nesifo sohlangothi uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abangenaso. Ihlule elifika ebuchosheni lingavimba ukugeleza kwegazi, lincishe amangqamuzana obuchopho umoya-mpilo futhi libangele umonakalo ongaba ukuphila engozini. 
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo: Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile nokusheshayo ku-Afib kungawenza buthaka umsipha wenhliziyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuba buthakathaka kwenza kube nzima ngenhliziyo ukupompa igazi ngokuphumelelayo, okuholela ezimpawu ezinjengobuthakathaka, ukukhathala, nokuphefumula. 
• Ukopha Ezithweni: I-Afib ingabangela ukopha epheshaneni le-GI, ipheshana lomchamo, noma ubuchopho. 

Sifo 

Ukuxilongwa kwe-atrial fibrillation (Afib) kuhilela inhlanganisela yomlando wezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa komzimba, nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene. Uphenyo lungabandakanya: 

• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG noma EKG): I-Atrial fibrillation IECG ikala ukusebenza kukagesi wenhliziyo, ikhombisa isigqi kanye nokuthi inhliziyo ishaya ngokushesha kangakanani. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Bahlola izimo ezingase zithinte inhliziyo noma zibangele ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, njengesifo se-thyroid futhi babonise ukuthi isibindi nezinso kusebenza kahle kangakanani. 
• I-Echocardiograms: Basebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuze benze izithombe zenhliziyo eshayayo, ezibonisa indlela igazi eligeleza ngayo enhliziyweni nasemavalve. 

Ukwelashwa kwe-Atrial Fibrillation 

Ukwelapha i-atrial fibrillation kuhilela inhlanganisela yezindlela zokulawula isigqi senhliziyo, ukuvimbela amahlule egazi, nokuphatha izimo ezingaphansi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise: 

• Imithi: Izinto ezinciphisa igazi zisiza ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlule egazi enhliziyweni. Odokotela bangase banikeze ama-calcium channel blockers noma ama-beta-blockers ukulawula izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo. 
• I-Cardioversion: Kuyinqubo esebenzisa ukushaqeka kukagesi noma imithi ukusetha kabusha isigqi senhliziyo. 
• I-Catheter Ablation: Odokotela bangase batuse ukukhishwa kwe-catheter kulabo abangaphenduli kahle emithini. Le nqubo ihilela ukudala izibazi ezincane esicutshini senhliziyo. Lezi zibazi ziphazamisa izimpawu zikagesi ezingavamile, okubangela ukuqhuma kwe-atrial.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Atrial Fibrillation Okuthuthukisiwe: Lokhu kuhlanganisa inqubo ye-Maze, eyenza uhlaka lwezicubu ezibaziyo enhliziyweni ukulawula isigqi esingavamile, noma ukufakwa kwe-pacemaker ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela 

Ngokushesha funa isiqondiso sezokwelapha uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezishiwo ngezansi: 

• Uma uzwa ushintsho kungazelelwe enhliziyweni yakho isigqi 
• Uma nawe uhlangabezana isiyezi noma ukuphelelwa umoya. 
• Uma unobuhlungu besifuba obufika futhi buhambe, noma buyanyamalala ngokushesha 
• Uma uhlangabezana nokucinana kwesifuba kungazelelwe noma ubuhlungu obusakazekela ehlombe, ezingalweni, entanyeni, emhlathini, noma emhlane 

Prevention 

Ukuvimbela i-atrial fibrillation kuhilela ukukhetha indlela yokuphila enempilo. Lokhu kubandakanya: 

• Ukuzivocavoca Okuvamile: Nikeza okungenani isigamu sehora ukuze wenze umsebenzi womzimba olinganiselayo (ukuhamba ngokushesha, ukubhukuda, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili) izinsuku ezingu-5-6 ngeviki. 
• Ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo: Gxila ekudleni ukudla okunosawoti omningi, amafutha agcwele, ne-cholesterol. Faka phakathi izithelo eziningi eziphilayo, imifino, nokusanhlamvu okuphelele. Cabangela ukwamukela ukudla okunesitayela saseMedithera, okuboniswe ukuthi kuzuzisa impilo yenhliziyo. 
• Ukuphatha Izimo Eziyisisekelo: Gcina umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu, nesifo sikashukela ngaphansi kokulawula ngokusebenzisa imithi kanye nezinguquko zokuphila. Uma une-apneea yokulala, funa ukwelashwa okufanele, njengoba lesi simo siye sahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokuphazamiseka kwe-atrial fibrillation. 
• Indlela Yokuphila Enempilo: Ukugwema uphuzo oludakayo, ukuyeka ukubhema nokukhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwe-caffeine nakho kungasiza ekuvimbeleni iziqephu ze-AFib. 
• Ukulawula Ukucindezeleka: thola izindlela zokunciphisa nokuphatha ingcindezi ngokusebenzisa amasu okuphumula, i-yoga, noma ukuzindla.

Isiphetho 

Ukuphila ne-atrial fibrillation akusho ukuyeka ukuphila okugcwele nokusebenzayo. Abantu banganciphisa amathuba okuba nezinkinga ngokwenza ukukhetha okunempilo, njengokuhlala umatasatasa, ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo, nokulawula ukucindezeleka. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokuxhumana okuvulekile nodokotela kuyisihluthulelo sokuhlala uphezu kwalesi simo. Ngendlela efanele, labo abathintekayo yi-fibrillation ye-atrial bangaphila impilo enempilo, eyanelisayo ngenkathi begcina izinhliziyo zabo ngesigqi. 

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa 

1. Ingabe i-atrial fibrillation ibeka ukuphila engozini? 

I-Atrial fibrillation ingaholela emiphumeleni engathi sína, njengokushaywa unhlangothi uma ingelashwa, njengoba i-AFib ingabangela amahlule egazi akheke enhliziyweni. Lawa mahlule angase ahambe aye ebuchosheni, okungenzeka abangele isifo sohlangothi. 

Umfutho wegazi ophansi (i-hypotension) ngokwayo ayibangeli i-atrial fibrillation. Nokho, kungaba wuphawu lwezimo ezingaphansi ezingase zibe nomthelela ku-AFib. Uma uba ne-BP ephansi eqhubekayo nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, thintana nodokotela ukuze akuhlole kahle. 

UDkt. Varun Bhargava

MD, PGIMER
I-Ganga CARE Hospital Limited, eNagpur

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529