Indle Emnyama

Wake waphosa amehlo endlini yangasese futhi wezwa uvalo lokukhathazeka lapho ubona indle emnyama? Lokhu kushintsha kombala okungalindelekile kungase kuthuse, kushiye abaningi bezibuza ngokubaluleka kwakho. Indle emnyama noma i-melena ngokuvamile ikhombisa inkinga yezempilo edinga ukunakwa. Ukuqonda izimbangela zalesi sigameko kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo enhle nokuthula kwengqondo. 

Indle emnyama ingavela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, kusukela ekukhetheni ukudla okungenangozi kuya ezimeni zezokwelapha ezibucayi kakhulu. Ake sihlole izimbangela ezingenzeka zendle emnyama, izimpawu ezihlobene, nezindlela zokuxilonga. 

Izimbangela f Indle Emnyama 

Indle emnyama, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-melena, ivame ukukhombisa inkinga endaweni ephezulu yokugaya. Okulandelayo ezinye zezizathu ezingase zibe yindle emnyama: 

Ukopha ku-Upper Digestive Tract: Okuvame kakhulu ngokuphathelene nembangela yendle emnyama ukopha endaweni engaphezulu ye-GI (umminzo, isisu, kanye nengxenye yokuqala yamathumbu amancane). Uma igazi livezwa kuma-asidi esisu, liphenduka libe mnyama futhi lihlale, okuholela ku-melena. Izimo eziningana zingaholela kulolu hlobo lokopha: 

• Izilonda ze-Peptic 
• Imithambo ye-Oesophageal 
• kolwelwesi 
• UMallory-Weiss izinyembezi 
• Umdlavuza we-Oesophageal kanye nesisu 

Izimbangela Zokudla: Ukudla okuthile okunombala omnyama kungashintsha okwesikhashana umbala wendle: 

• Ugologo omnyama 
• Amakhukhi ama-sandwich kashokoledi 
• aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka 
• Ijusi lamagilebhisi 
• Ama-Beet 

Umbala omnyama uvamise ukunyamalala uma ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kudla kuyeka.

Imithi: Eminye imithi ingabangela indle emnyama njengomphumela omubi: 

• Izithako zensimbi 
• Imithi ye-Bismuth subsalicylate 
• Amalahle asebenze 

Ezinye Izimo Zezokwelapha: Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha eziningana zingaholela ezindle ezimnyama: 

• Ukwakheka kwemithambo yegazi okungajwayelekile ku-esophagus, isisu, noma i-duodenum. 
• I-Ischemia 
• Ukulimala emgudwini wokugaya ukudla noma ukuba khona kwento yangaphandle kungabangela ukopha. 

Izimpawu Ezihlobene Nendle Emnyama 

Ngenkathi ukubukeka kwendle emnyama, i-tarry kuwuphawu oluyinhloko, abantu bangase babe nezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu zokugaya ukudla, njenge: 

• Ukungakhululeki kwesisu noma ubuhlungu endaweni yesisu. 
• I-nausea kanye nokuhlanza, ikakhulukazi uma kunokopha emgudwini wokudla ongaphezulu. 
• Isilungulela noma indigestion 
• Ukushintsha kwemikhuba yamathumbu 
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka obujwayelekile 
• Isiyezi noma ukuquleka, njengokopha kakhulu, kungaholela ekwehleni komfutho wegazi. 
• Ezimweni ezinzima, ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazwanga 

Izimpawu Eziqondile Ezihlobene Nezimbangela

Ngokuya ngembangela yendle emnyama, izimpawu ezengeziwe zingase zibe khona: 

• Uma indle emnyama ingenxa yezithako zensimbi, abantu bangase baphathwe isisu, isicanucanu, ukuqunjelwa kanye nokuqunjelwa. ukushaya kwenhliziyo. 
• Imithi ye-bismuth subsalicylate ingabangela indle emnyama futhi ingase iholele olimini olumnyama nomsindo onkenenezayo noma obhuza ezindlebeni. 
• Uma isilonda esophayo sibangela indle emnyama, abantu bangase bazizwe bebabi kakhulu futhi baphatheke kabi ngokugaya ukudla okwengeziwe. 
• Ezimweni zokopha okuvela emithanjeni yomthombo, kungase kube negazi elibomvu elikhanyayo esitulweni noma ukuhlanza okubukeka njengesisekelo sekhofi. 
• Esimeni sokukhala kweMallory-Weiss, iziguli zingase zibe nezimpawu ezengeziwe njengokuhlanza okubomvu okukhanyayo, ubuthakathaka, isiyezi, ukuphefumula kanzima, isikhumba esiphaphathekile, isifo sohudo, nobuhlungu besisu noma esifubeni. 

Ukuxilongwa Kwezindle Ezimnyama 

Odokotela basebenzisa indlela ebanzi yokuhlonza imbangela eyinhloko yendle emnyama, njenge: 

• Umlando Wezokwelapha kanye Nokuhlolwa Komzimba 
  • Odokotela babuza imibuzo enemininingwane mayelana nezinguquko zakamuva zokudla, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi, nezimo ezaziwayo zesisu. Lolu lwazi lusiza ekukhipheni izizathu ezingabangela indle emnyama, njengokudla ukudla okuthile noma imithi equkethe i-bismuth. Ngemva komlando wezokwelapha, udokotela ugxila ezimpawini zokuthamba kwesisu nokunye okutholakele okufanelekile. 
• Ukuhlolwa Kwaselabhorethri: Odokotela bavame uku-oda uchungechunge lokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri ukuze baqoqe idatha eqondile. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise: 
  • Isibalo segazi esiphelele (CBC) ukuze kutholwe ubukhona nobukhulu bokopha. 
  • Ukuhlolwa kwegazi elisebenza ngendle ukuze kutholwe igazi elifihliwe esitulweni, okuqinisekisa ukuthi umbala omnyama ungenxa yokopha noma ezinye izici. 
  • Umkhuba wendle ukuthola ubukhona bamagciwane ayingozi noma izimuncagazi 
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-Helicobacter pylori Infection 
• Izifundo Zokucabanga: Ezimweni eziningi, odokotela bangase bacebise ngalezi zifundo zezithombe ezilandelayo: 
  • I-Endoscopy: Ukuhlola umgudu wamathumbu ongenhla, okuhlanganisa umminzo, isisu, ne-duodenum. 
  • I-Colonoscopy: Ukuhlola umgudu wamathumbu ophansi, ugxile kukholoni kanye ne-rectum. 
  • I-Upper Gastrointestinal Series: Lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kuveza uhlelo olungenhla lokugaya ukudla. 
  • Angiography: Ukubuka imithambo yegazi emgudwini wamathumbu. 
  • I-Capsule Endoscopy: Le ndlela entsha ihilela ukugwinya iphilisi lekhamera elincane elithwebula izithombe zamathumbu amancane njengoba lidlula. 

Ukwelashwa Kwendle Emnyama

Ukwelashwa kwendle emnyama kuncike kumbangela ewumsuka. Odokotela bagxila ezicini ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukwelapha ukopha, ukumisa ukopha, nokuxazulula umsuka wenkinga: 

• Ukuhlola Isimo: Uma isiguli silethe indle emnyama, odokotela bahlola isimo saso sonke futhi balungise uhlelo lokwelapha ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kungafaka: 
  • Uketshezi lwe-Intravenous (IV) ukubuyisela umthamo wegazi 
  • Ukumpontshelwa igazi ngokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwegazi 
  • Ukunakekelwa okujulile kwamacala abucayi 
  • Uma indle emnyama ibangelwa ukudla okunombala omnyama noma izithako zokusansimbi, ukunciphisa ukudla izinsuku ezimbalwa kungase kuxazulule inkinga. 
• Ukumisa ukopha: Enye yezinhloso eziyinhloko ekwelapheni indle emnyama ukumisa ukopha okusebenzayo futhi uvimbele ukulahleka kwegazi okwengeziwe. Ngesikhathi se-endoscopy ephezulu, odokotela bangasebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene ukuze bavale isilonda futhi bamise ukopha: 
  • Electrocautery ukuvala indawo yokopha 
  • Ukujova umuthi enxebeni 
  • Ukubekwa kweziqeshana noma amabhande emithanjeni yegazi 
  • Ukuthunga kwezinye izimo 
• Imithi 
  • Kuye ngembangela yendle emnyama, odokotela bangase banikeze imithi, efana ne-proton pump inhibitors (uma kwenzeka izilonda, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuguguleka kolwelwesi lwamathumbu) kanye nama-antibiotics (lapho izifo zibangela indle emnyama). 
• Izinguquko Zendlela Yokuphila: Ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila kungasekela impilo yokugaya futhi kuvimbele ukuvela kwendle emnyama: 
  • Ukulungiswa kokudla ukuze kugwenywe ukudla okungase kucasule uhlelo lokugaya ukudla 
  • Izindlela zokulawula ingcindezi zokunciphisa umthelela wengcindezi empilweni yokugaya ukudla 
  • Ngokuvamile Ukuvivinya ukukhuthaza inhlalakahle jikelele 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela 

I-Melena ingaba yimbangela yokukhathazeka, futhi kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelashwa nini, njengokuthi: 

• Uma indle emnyama inokungaguquguquki okunamathelayo kanye nephunga elinamandla, elingemnandi 
• Kuhlanza igazi noma ukuhlanza okubukeka njengezindawo zekhofi 
• Ukuzizwa unesiyezi, ubuthakathaka, noma unekhanda elilula 
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokuphelelwa umoya 
• Uma indle emnyama iqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku noma ezimbili 
• Uma umuntu ebona noma yiliphi inani legazi esitulweni sakhe 

Prevention 

Ukuvimbela indle emnyama kuhilela ukuqonda izizathu ezingase zibe khona zendle emnyama nokuthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ukuze kugcinwe impilo yokugaya ukudla. Nawa amanye amasu okusiza ukuvimbela indle emnyama: 

• Uma kuvela indle emnyama ngemva kokudla ukudla okunombala omnyama, banganciphisa ukudla kwabo izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze babone ukuthi kuyawenza yini umehluko. 
• Ukugcina ukudla okunomsoco okunothiswe ku-fibre, izithelo, nemifino kusekela impilo yokugaya ukudla. 
• Ukunciphisa ukudla okuvusa amadlingozi, okubabayo, ukudla okuthosiwe, uphuzo oludakayo, neziphuzo ezine-caffeine. 
• Imithi equkethe i-bismuth subsalicylate noma izithasiselo zensimbi ingashintsha indle ibe mnyama. Abantu ngabanye kufanele babonane nodokotela wabo mayelana nezinye izindlela eziphephile noma ukulungisa umthamo. Sebenzisa ama-NSAID kuphela njengoba uyaliwe noma uwathathe nokudla ukuze unciphise ukucasuka kwesisu. Ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokunciphisa ingcindezi njengokuzindla, i-yoga, noma ukuvivinya umzimba njalo kungagcina uhlelo lokugaya ukudla olunempilo. 
• Yeka ukubhema 

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile nokuhlolwa kungathola izinkinga ezingaba khona zokugaya ukudla kusenesikhathi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanomlando womndeni wezinkinga zesisu. 

Isiphetho 

Ukuqonda izimbangela zendle emnyama nemithelela kunomthelela omkhulu endleleni yethu yempilo yokugaya. Kusukela emathonyeni okudla kuye ezimweni zezokwelapha ezingase zibe khona, ukuqaphela izici ezihlukahlukene ezingase zibe umphumela walolu phawu kusenza sikwazi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ngempilo yethu. Ukugcina impilo yokugaya ukudla kuhilela inhlanganisela yokudla okunengqondo, ukuphatha kahle imithi kanye nokukhetha indlela yokuphila. Ngokuhlala siphapheme mayelana namasiginali emizimbeni yethu kanye nokufuna iseluleko sochwepheshe lapho sidingeka, singathatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo ukuze siqinisekise inhlalakahle yethu iyonke. 

FAQ sika 

1. Indle emnyama ikhombisani? 

Indle emnyama, noma i-melena, ngokuvamile ibonisa ukuba khona kwegazi eligaywe endle. Lolu phawu ngokuvamile lubonisa ukopha endaweni engenhla yesisu (GI), okuhlanganisa umminzo, isisu, kanye ne-duodenum. 

2. Kufanele ukhathazeke nini ngendle emnyama? 

Nakuba indle emnyama ingaba nezimbangela ezingenangozi, akufanele neze indiva, ikakhulukazi uma iphikelela noma ihambisana nezinye izimpawu. Umuntu ngamunye kufanele afune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma: 

• Indle emnyama iphuzi futhi inephunga elinamandla, elibi 
• Umbala omnyama uphikelela isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbili 
• Kukhona okuhambisana nobuhlungu besisu noma ukungaphatheki kahle 
• Ezinye izimpawu, njengokuhlanza igazi, isiyezi, ubuthakathaka, noma ukuphelelwa umoya, akhona 

3. Yiziphi izimpawu ezingase zihambisane nendle emnyama? 

Izimpawu ezihlukahlukene zingahambisana nendle emnyama, kuhlanganise: 

• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukungakhululeki 
• I-nausea nokuhlanza 
• Isilungulela noma ukungagayeki kokudla 
• Ukukhathala nokubuthakathaka 
• Isizungu noma ukuquleka 
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe 
• Isikhumba esiphezulu 
• Ukuphelelwa umoya 

4. Ingabe ukudla okuthile noma iziphuzo kungabangela indle emnyama? 

Ukudla okuthile neziphuzo kungabangela indle ukuthi ibonakale imnyama ngaphandle kokukhombisa ukukhathazeka kwezempilo. Ezinye zezinkinga ezivamile zihlanganisa: 

• Ugologo omnyama 
• aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka 
• Amakhukhi kashokoledi omnyama 
• Ijusi lamagilebhisi 
• Ama-Beet 
• Isoseji yegazi 
• Iwayini elibomvu 
• Izithako zensimbi 
• Amalahle asebenze 

5. Isiphi isihlalo sombala esingajwayelekile? 

Nakuba umbala wezihlalo ungahluka ngokusekelwe ekudleni nezinye izici, imibala ethile ingase ibonise izinkinga zempilo eziyisisekelo: 

• Okumnyama noma okunsundu okumnyama: Lokhu kungabonisa ukopha epheshaneni eliphezulu le-GI noma imithi. Okubomvu okukhanyayo noma oku-maroon: Lokhu kungase kubonise ukopha endaweni ephansi ye-GI, njengethumbu elikhulu noma i-rectum. 
• Okumhlophe noma okunobumba: Lokhu kungase kubonise izinkinga zesibindi noma zenyongo. 
• Okuphuzi: Izihlalo eziphuzi kakhulu zingase zibonise inkinga ngokumuncwa kwamafutha noma ukutheleleka kwe-giardia. 

6. Yikuphi ukuntula kwamavithamini okubangela indle emnyama? 

Ukushoda kwamavithamini ngokuvamile akubangeli indle emnyama. Eqinisweni, kuvame ukuba ukwelashwa kokushiyeka okuthile okungaholela kulolu phawu. Ikakhulukazi, i-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi kanye nokwelashwa kwayo kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokushintsha kombala wendle. 

CARE Medical Team

57