I-blepharospasm

I-blepharospasm, ukuphazamiseka okubangela ukufinyela kwemisipha okungahleliwe eduze kwamehlo, kungase kuholele ekunyakazekeni kwamehlo okungalawuleki. Kungalimaza kakhulu impilo yomuntu yansuku zonke, kwenze imisebenzi elula njengokufunda noma ukushayela kube inselele. Ukuqonda kahle lesi simo kubalulekile kulabo abaphethwe yiso kanye nabathandekayo babo.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola i-blepharospasm nezimpawu zayo, izimbangela kanye nokuxilongwa. Sizophinde sixoxe ngezinketho ezahlukene zokwelapha i-blepharospasm, okuhlanganisa imithi namakhambi asekhaya, ukusiza ukuphatha lesi simo. 

Iyini i-blepharospasm?

I-blepharospasm (i-benign essential blepharospasm) yisimo esidala ukudikiza noma ukucwayiza kwamehlo okungalawuleki. Kuhilela ukufinyela okusheshayo nokuzenzakalelayo kwemisipha ezungeze amehlo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lezi zinhlungu zingaphoqa amehlo ukuthi avale, anciphise ukubona komuntu. I-Blepharospasm ngokuyinhloko ivela izinkinga zenhliziyo, ngamehlo adlala indima yokuthi ama-spasms avela nini futhi kanjani.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-blepharospasm:

• Okuyinhloko (Benign Essential Blepharospasm): Leli fomu lizenzela ngokwalo futhi ngokuvamile alinangozi, nakuba liyaphazamisa.
• Okwesibili: Lolu hlobo lwenzeka ngenxa yesizathu esibonakalayo futhi ngokuvamile luwuphawu lwezinye izimo.

Izimpawu ze-blepharospasm

I-blepharospasm ngokuvamile iqala ngokunyakaziswa kwejwabu leso elikhula kancane kancane. 

• Uphawu oluyinhloko ukucwayiza okungavamile nokunyakazisa okungenangqondo, okuthinta womabili amehlo kanye kanye. 
• Iziguli zivame ukuzwa ukuvalwa kwamehlo ngempoqo, ubunzima bokuvula amehlo azo, kanye nezinga lokucwayiza elandayo. 
• Ezinye izimpawu zihlanganisa ukubona lufifi, ukuzwela ukukhanya, kanye amehlo omile. 
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukufinyela kwemisipha okuqhubekayo kungaholela ebumpumputheni obusebenzayo, nakuba lokhu kuyivelakancane.
• Izici eziyingqayizivele ze-blepharospasm zihlanganisa:
  • Ama-spasms angafuneki futhi angalawuleki
  • Ukudikiza okuvumelanisiwe kwawo womabili amajwabu amehlo
  • Iphethini kune-spasms engahleliwe
  • Ukuthuthukiswa kwesikhashana 'ngamaqhinga enzwa' njengokuvungama noma ukuthinta ubuso
• Lezi zimpawu zingaba nomthelela omkhulu emisebenzini evamile njengokufunda noma ukushayela, zenze ukuxilonga kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni isimo ngempumelelo.

Izinkinga ze-blepharospasm

I-blepharospasm yenzeka lapho ukulawula kobuchopho phezu kwemisipha yejwabu leso kungasebenzi kahle. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi isukela ezinkingeni ze-basal ganglia, exhumanisa ukunyakaza, noma inzwa yobuso (Cranial Nerve VII). Umsebenzi ongajwayelekile kulezi zindawo ungabangela noma ubangele i-blepharospasm.

Lesi simo sinezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

I-Blepharospasm Eyisisekelo: Leli fomu liyi-idiopathic, okusho ukuthi imbangela yayo ayikaziwa.
I-Blepharospasm yesibili: Lolu hlobo lungabangela izici ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

• Okunye ukuphazamiseka kokunyakaza njenge-Meige syndrome
• Izimo zokuvuvukala kwamehlo
• Ukuzwela okukhanyayo
• Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo elapha isifo sikaParkinson

Nakuba i-blepharospasm ngezinye izikhathi isebenza emindenini, futhi abesifazane abaneminyaka engu-40-60 bangathinteka kakhulu, odokotela ngokuvamile abakwazi ukukhomba imbangela ethile ezimweni eziningi.

Izingozi ze-Blepharospasm

Kunezici eziningana ezandisa amathuba okuthuthukisa i-blepharospasm. 

• Ubudala: Isimo sivame kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nengama-70 ubudala. 
• Ubulili: Abesifazane banamathuba aphindwe kabili kuya kane okuba ne-blepharospasm kunamadoda. 
• Izakhi zofuzo zinomthelela, kanti u-20% kuya ku-30% weziguli ezinomlando womndeni walesi simo.
• Izimo Zemvelo: Amazinga aphezulu okufudukela emadolobheni kanye nemisebenzi ecindezelayo 'ye-white-collar' ihlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe. 
• Imisebenzi Ethize: Imisebenzi ebangela ukukhandleka kwamehlo, njengokufunda isikhathi eside, ukubukela ithelevishini, nokusebenzisa ikhompuyutha, ingase ibhebhethekise isimo. Ukucindezeleka nokukhathala kungase kubangele noma kube nzima nakakhulu izimpawu ze-blepharospasm.
• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Ukuhlukumezeka kwekhanda kwangaphambilini noma ebusweni, izimo zamehlo ezifana namehlo omile noma i-blepharitis, kanye nemithi ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo yesifo sikaParkinson, ingaba nomthelela ekukhuleni kwe-blepharospasm. 
• Izimo Zempilo Yengqondo: Izimo ezithile, okuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuphoqelekile, ukucindezeleka & ukukhathazeka, nazo zixhunyaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Blepharospasm

Ukuxilongwa kwe-blepharospasm kungaba inselele, ngokuvamile kudinga ukubonisana nochwepheshe abaningi. Odokotela bamehlo bavame ukubona iziguli kuqala ngenxa yezimpawu ezihambisana namehlo. Izazi zezinzwa idlala indima ebalulekile ekuxilongweni, njengoba i-blepharospasm ithinta ngokuyinhloko isimiso sezinzwa. Inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile ihilela ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele, ukubuyekezwa komlando wezokwelapha, nokuhlolwa kwezinzwa.

Azikho izindlela zokuxilonga eziqondile ze-blepharospasm. Odokotela bathembele ekuhlolweni komtholampilo ukuze bakhiphe ezinye izimo. Izici ezibalulekile zokuxilonga zifaka:

• Ukuqashelwa kwezinhlungu zamehlo ezizenzekelayo
• Ukuba khona kwamaqhinga ezinzwa akhulula izimpawu okwesikhashana
• Ukucwayiza okwandisiwe
• Ukungakwazi ukucindezela ama-spasms ngokuzithandela

Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bangase benze i-electromyography ukuze babonise ukubandakanyeka kwemisipha, nakuba lokhu kungavamile ekusebenzeni komtholampilo. Ucwaningo lwezithombe nezaselabhorethri ngokuvamile lunosizo olulinganiselwe ekuqinisekiseni ukuxilongwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Blepharospasm

Nakuba lingekho ikhambi le-blepharospasm, izindlela zokwelapha ezimbalwa ezisebenzayo zingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu. 

• Ukwelashwa kwe-blepharospasm komugqa wokuqala okuvamile imijovo ye-onabotulinumtoxinA. Odokotela basebenzisa lezi ukuze benze buthaka imisipha ethile eduze kwamehlo, banciphise izimpawu ezibangela i-spasm ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukucwayiza. Iziguli ngokuvamile zithola imijovo emincane emine kuya kweyisishiyagalombili, eqala ukusebenza phakathi nezinsuku futhi ihlale izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezine.
• Izibuko ezikhethekile ezinemibala egqamile zingasiza labo abazwela ukukhanya. Amalensi e-FL-41, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izibuko ezikhanyayo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka," akhipha amaza amaza aluhlaza futhi anganciphisa izimpawu.
• Uma imijovo ingasebenzi, odokotela bangancoma ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuhilela ukuncipha unomphela imisipha ethintekile. Ezinye iziguli zithola impumuzo nge-acupuncture, nakuba kungavamile.
• Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila nakho kungasiza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulawula ukucindezeleka, ukulala ngokwanele, nokunciphisa ukudla okune-caffeine. 
• Ukwelapha izimo ezikhona, njengeso elomile, kungase futhi kudambise izimpawu.

Izinkinga ze-Blepharospasm

I-blepharospasm ingaholela ekuphazamisekeni okukhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ukunyakaza kwejwabu leso ngokuzenzakalelayo kungenza kube nzima ukubona futhi, ezimeni ezinzima, kuphoqe amehlo ukuthi avaleke ngokuphelele. Isimo singaba nomthelela futhi Impilo yengqondo ukukhathazeka. Abantu abaningi abane-blepharospasm bazizwa bekhathazekile ngokuba nokuhlaselwa esidlangalaleni, okuholela ekuzihlukaniseni nomphakathi kanye nokudangala.

Izinkinga zokwelashwa nazo zingavela. Imijovo yobuthi be-botulinum, ukwelashwa okuvamile, ingase ibangele imiphumela engemihle njenge-ptosis (ijwabu leso elilengayo), i-diplopia (ukubona kabili), nokungaboni kahle. Ezinye iziguli zithola amehlo omile noma ukuchayeka ku-keratitis ngenxa yobuthakathaka emisipha yamehlo. Nokho, lezi zinkinga ngokuvamile ziyehla ngokwelashwa okuphindaphindiwe.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Abantu ngabanye kufanele babonane nodokotela wamehlo uma amajwabu amehlo abo eqhubeka nokunyakaza isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa. Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kuyadingeka futhi uma amehlo evala ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokunyakaziswa noma eminye imisipha yobuso iqala ukudikiza. 

Prevention

Nakuba ingekho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela i-blepharospasm ebalulekile, abantu ngabanye bangathatha izinyathelo zokulawula izimpawu futhi banciphise ubukhali bazo. 

• Ukugwema izibangeli ezifana nokukhanya okukhanyayo noma ukwelapha izimo ezikhona njenge-blepharitis noma iso elomile kungasiza nge-blepharospasm yesibili. 
• Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawulweni kwezimpawu. Lokhu kubandakanya ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka, ukuqinisekisa ukulala ngokwanele, nokunciphisa ukudla okune-caffeine. 
• Ukusebenzisa amalensi anombala ogqamile noma izigqoko kungadambisa ukuzwela kokukhanya. 
• Abanye abantu bathola impumuzo ngamasu ezinzwa, abangawafunda futhi bawasebenzise. 
• Ezimweni lapho imithi ibangela i-blepharospasm, ukulungisa umthamo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezokwelapha kungase kunikeze impumuzo. 

Khumbula, nakuba ukuvimbela kungenzeki, ukuphathwa ngokushesha kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo yalabo abane-blepharospasm.

Isiphetho

I-blepharospasm ingaba nomthelela omkhulu ezimpilweni zansuku zonke zalabo abathintekile, ibangele izinselele emisebenzini elula futhi engase iholele ekuzihlukaniseni nomphakathi. Ukuqonda izimpawu zayo, izimbangela, kanye nokwelashwa okutholakalayo kunikeza abantu amandla okulawula isimo sabo. Nakuba lingekho ikhambi, izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuphatha, kusukela ekujovweni kobuthi be-botulinum kuya ekushintsheni kwendlela yokuphila, kungasiza ekudambiseni izimpawu futhi kuthuthukise izinga lempilo.

Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nendlela yokwelashwa ehambisanayo kubalulekile ukuphatha ngempumelelo i-blepharospasm. Abantu abane-blepharospasm bangazulazula esimweni sabo ngokuzethemba ngokwengeziwe ngokusebenzisana eduze nodokotela nokuhlala benolwazi mayelana nentuthuko yakamuva. Khumbula, ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokusekelwa, abantu abaningi abane-blepharospasm baphila impilo eyanelisayo, bazivumelanisa nezimpawu zabo futhi bathole izindlela zokuchuma naphezu kwezinselele.

FAQ sika

1. Iyini imbangela ehamba phambili ye-blepharospasm?

Imbangela eqondile ye-blepharospasm ayikaziwa. Ochwepheshe basola izinkinga ku-basal ganglia noma inzwa yobuso (Cranial Nerve VII) ingaba nomthelela. Nakuba ezinye izimo zenzeka emindenini, odokotela ngokuvamile abakwazi ukukhomba imbangela ethile.

2. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-blepharospasm ne-ptosis?

I-blepharospasm ihilela ukuvala ijwabu leso ngokuzenzakalelayo ngenxa yokufinyela kwemisipha. I-Ptosis, nokho, ukushona phansi kwejwabu leso eliphezulu okubangelwa ubuthakathaka emisipha ewuphakamisayo.

3. Ingabe i-blepharospasm ingelapheka?

Alikho ikhambi le-blepharospasm, kodwa ukwelashwa kungalawula izimpawu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imijovo yobuthi be-botulinum, amalensi anombala ogqamile, futhi, kwezinye izimo, nokuhlinzwa.

4. Ingabe i-blepharospasm ibuhlungu?

I-blepharospasm ingabangela ukungakhululeki eduze kwamehlo, okuhlanganisa ukungezwani kanye nobunzima bejwabu leso. Ezinye iziguli zibika umuzwa wokuklolodela njalo.

5. Uphatha kanjani i-blepharospasm ekhaya?

Imithi yokwelapha yasekhaya ihlanganisa ukulawula ingcindezi, ukulala ngokwanele, nokunciphisa ukudla okune-caffeine. Abanye bathola impumuzo besebenzisa amalensi anombala ogqamile noma izigqoko ukuze banciphise ukuzwela kokukhanya.

6. Uyihlola kanjani i-blepharospasm?

Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukubandakanya ukubhekwa komtholampilo nge- ophthalmologist noma udokotela wezinzwa. Babheka izimpawu ezifana ne-stereotyped, i-spasms yamehlo ezinhlangothi zombili kanye nokucwayiza okukhulayo.

UDkt. Radhika Bhupathiraju

MBBS, DO, FCO
I-CARE Hospitals Outpatient Centre, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

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