Ingalo Ephukile

Ingalo ephukile noma ephukile ukulimala okuvamile okuthinta abantu bayo yonke iminyaka. Kwenzeka lapho ithambo elilodwa noma amaningi engalweni ethola ukuphuka noma ukuqhekeka, okubangela ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, nokuhamba okulinganiselwe. Ukulimala okuvame kakhulu ukuwa okungase kwenzeke kunoma ubani, okuhlanganisa izingane kanye nabantu abadala abadala.Masihlole inqubo yokuxilongwa, izinketho zokwelashwa kwengalo ephukile, kanye nezinkinga ezingase zibe khona. 

Izinhlobo Zezikhali Eziphukile

Ingalo ephukile ingenzeka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ithinte ithambo elilodwa noma ngaphezulu kwengalo emithathu: i-ulna, i-radius, ne-humerus. 

Izinhlobo ezejwayelekile zifaka:

• Ukuqhekeka Okuvaliwe: Isikhumba sihlala siqinile, singenanxeba langaphandle.
• Ukuqhekeka Okuvulekile (Inhlanganisela): Ithambo eliphukile libonakala ngaphandle kwesikhumba, lidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka.
• I-Displaced Fracture: Izingcezu zamathambo azihambelani kahle, okungenzeka zidinga ukuhlinzwa ukuze ziqondaniswe kahle.
• I-Comminuted Fracture: Ithambo liphuka libe yizicucu eziningi, ngokuvamile ezidinga ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa.
• I-Greenstick Fracture: Okuvamile ezinganeni, ithambo liyaqhekeka kodwa aliphuki ngokuphelele, lifana nenduku eluhlaza egobile.
• I-Torus (I-Buckle) Ukuphuka: Uhlangothi olulodwa lwethambo lucindezela, okwenza olunye uhlangothi lugobe. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu ezinganeni ngenxa yamathambo azo athambile, athambile.

Izimpawu Zengalo Ephukile

Ingalo ephukile ngokuvamile ibangela ubuhlungu obukhulu obukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abantu bangase bezwe i-snap noma i-crack ngesikhathi sokulimala. Ukuvuvukala kanye nemihuzuko ngokuvamile kuvela ngokushesha ngemva kokuphuka kwethambo lengalo, futhi indawo ethintekile ingase izizwe ifudumele. Abantu abaningi bavele babambe izingalo zabo ukuze bagweme ukuphatheka kabi.

Izimpawu ezibonakalayo zengalo ephukile zingabandakanya ukugoba okungavamile noma ukukhubazeka. Abanye abantu bayahlangabezana isicanucanu, isiyezi, noma isikhumba esiphaphathekile, esineqhwa ngenxa yokushaqeka. Izimpawu ezibonakala kancane zingase zihilele ubuhlungu obubuhlungu, ububomvu, nokuvuvukala okuncane, ikakhulukazi ekuqhekekeni kwezinwele. Izinzwa zokugaya noma zokugaya kungenzeka lapho uhambisa ingalo ephukile.

Esinye isibonakaliso siwukuthi ubuhlungu butholakala ngqo ethanjeni, ikakhulukazi lapho kufakwa ingcindezi. Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuluma kungabangela ithambo eliphukile lifake ingcindezi ezinzwa ezizungezile. 

Izimbangela Zokuphuka Kwengalo

Ingalo ephukile ngokuvamile ibangelwa ukuhlukumezeka. 

• Isizathu esivame kakhulu ukuwela esandleni eseluliwe noma indololwane. 
• Ukulimala kwezemidlalo futhi kuholela ekuqhekekeni kwengalo, ikakhulukazi emidlalweni yokuxhumana. 
• Ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu, njengezingozi zemoto noma zebhayisikili, kungaphuka noma yiliphi ithambo lengalo. 
• Kubantu abancane, ukuwa usuka phezulu kuyizigebengu ezivamile. 
• Kubantu asebekhulile abanamathambo abuthakathaka, ngisho nohambo nokuwa ukusuka endaweni emile kungabangela ingalo ephukile. 
• Ngeshwa, ukuhlukunyezwa kwezingane nakho kungaholela ekuphukeni kwezikhali ezinganeni. 

Sifo

Odokotela baxilonga ingalo ephukile ngokuyihlola nokuhlolwa kwezithombe. 

• I-X-ray iyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokuxilonga, eliqinisekisa ukuphuka kanye nokwembula izinga lokulimala kwamathambo. I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) inikeza umbono obanzi wendawo ephukile, kuhlanganise nezicubu ezizungezile njenge-cartilage nemigqa. 
• Izikena ze-Computed Tomography (CT) zinikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi kune-X-ray, kusiza ukuhlela ukwelashwa.
• Ukuskena amathambo kungase kusetshenziselwe ukwephuka okungabonakali kuma-X ray, nakuba lokhu kudinga ukuvakashelwa kabili okuhlukaniswe amahora amane. 
• Odokotela bangase futhi benze uphenyo lwegazi ukuze bahlole izimo ezingaphansi ezithinta impilo yamathambo noma ukuphulukiswa.

Ukwelashwa Kwengalo Ephukile

Ukwelashwa kwengalo ephukile kuncike ohlotsheni lokuphuka kanye nobukhulu besimo. Nansi inkomba evamile yokwelashwa kwengalo ephukile:

• Odokotela ngokuvamile qala ngezinketho ezingezona zokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusetha ithambo, okungase kudinge iziphumuli zemisipha noma ama-sedative ukuze ulawule ubuhlungu. 
• Ukunganyakazi kubalulekile ekwelapheni, okuvame ukuzuzwa ngama-splints, ama-slings, ama-braces, noma ama-cast. Odokotela bavamise ukulinda ukuthi ukuvuvukala kwehle ngaphambi kokufaka ukhonkolo, okungathatha izinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisikhombisa. 
• Ukuphathwa kwezinhlungu kuhilela i-counter-the-counter noma imithi kadokotela, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala kungase kuvimbele ukuphulukiswa kwamathambo. 
• Ukuvuselela kuqala ngokushesha ngemva kokwelashwa kokuqala ukuze kuncishiswe ukuqina. 
• Ezimeni ezinzima kakhulu, kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa ukuze kuzinziswe ingalo ephukile kusetshenziswa izinto zokulungisa njengezintambo, amapuleti, izinzipho, noma izikulufu.

Izinkinga

Ingalo ephukile ingaholela ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene. Izici eziyingozi zezinkinga zihlanganisa ukuguga, isifo sikashukela, ukubhema, amazinga aphansi kavithamini D, kanye nemithi ethile. Ingalo ephukile ingase ibangele izinkinga ezilandelayo:

• Izimpawu zokucindezeleka (ukushintsha kwesifiso sokudla nezindlela zokulala) zivamile ngemva kokuphuka.
• I-osteoarthritis kungabangela ubuhlungu obungapheli kanye nokuwohloka kwamalunga, ikakhulukazi ekwaphukeni kwemilenze engezansi.
• Amanye amathambo angase angapholi kahle, ngisho nokwelashwa okufanele.

Izinkinga ezinkulu zihlanganisa: 

• Isitsha segazi kanye nokulimala kwezinzwa
• Izifo 
• I-compartment syndrome, ebangelwa ukuvuvukala ngokweqile, ingabangela ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa nokusebenza, okudinga ukungenelela okuphuthumayo kokuhlinzwa. 
• Ukuphuka okuvulekile kuveza amathambo angenalutho endaweni ezungezile, okwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka. 

Izingozi Zezingozi

Izici zobungozi zihlanganisa ukuba yingane noma osemusha, ukubamba iqhaza kwezemidlalo ezithintana naye, nokuba ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-65. Abantu abanezimo ezithinta ukuminyana kwamathambo, njenge-osteoporosis, babhekene nengozi enkulu yokuphuka kwengalo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuwa.

Ngesikhathi sokubona udokotela

Abantu kufanele babonane nodokotela wamathambo ngokushesha uma besola ukuthi ingalo ephukile. Lokhu kubalulekile lapho uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu, ukungakwazi ukuhambisa ingalo, noma ukukhubazeka okuphawulekayo. Uma ithambo libonakala esikhumbeni, ukuvuvukala kwenzeka, noma ukulimaza okusha kubonakala eceleni kwezinye izimpawu, ukuvakashela ekamelweni eliphuthumayo kuyadingeka. Ngisho noma ubuhlungu bukhulu kakhulu kodwa buvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwengalo evamile, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela ngokushesha. 

Prevention

Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuvimbela zonke izingozi, abantu ngabanye bangathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ubungozi bokuphuka kwengalo. 

• Ukugcina impilo enhle yamathambo ngokudla okune-calcium eningi kanye nokuzivocavoca okuvamile okuthwala isisindo kuqinisa amathambo futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuphuka. 
• Vitamin D Ukudla ngokuchayeka elangeni noma izithasiselo kusiza ukumuncwa kwe-calcium. 
• Ukudala indawo ephephile ekhaya nasemsebenzini ngokususa izingozi zokukhubeka nokusebenzisa amathuluzi afanele okufinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme kungavimbela ukuwa. 
• Ukugqoka amagiya afanele okuvikela ngesikhathi semidlalo nemisebenzi kubalulekile. 
• Kubantu abadala asebekhulile, ukusebenzisa izinsiza zokuhamba njengezinduku noma abahamba ngezinyawo uma kunesidingo kungavimbela ukuwa. 
• Ukuhlola ukuminyana kwamathambo okuvamile kwalabo abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65 noma abanomlando womndeni we-osteoporosis kungasiza ekuhlonzeni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga ezingase zibe khona kusenesikhathi.

Isiphetho

Nakuba izingozi zingenakugwenywa ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokugcina impilo yamathambo nokudala izindawo eziphephile kunganciphisa ingozi yokuphuka kwengalo. Ngokuhlala unolwazi mayelana nezimbangela, izimpawu, kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa kwezingalo eziphukile, abantu ngabanye bangalungela kangcono ukuphatha lokhu kulimala uma kwenzeka. Khumbula, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha kanye nokulandela ukwelashwa okunqunyiwe kanye nokubuyisela esimweni kubalulekile ekululameni okuphelele.

FAQ sika

1. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ngemva kokuphuka kwengalo?

Isikhathi sokululama sengalo ephukile siyahluka futhi sincike ezintweni ezifana nohlobo lokuphuka nendawo yakhona. Ngokuvamile, kuthatha cishe amasonto ayisithupha ukuze ithambo liphole. Kodwa-ke, ukululama okuphelele, okuhlanganisa ukuphinde uthole amandla nokuvumelana nezimo, kungathatha iminyaka emibili. Abantu abaningi badinga izinyanga ezimbalwa zokwelapha ngokomzimba ukuze babuyisele amandla emisipha nokunyakaza kwamalunga.

2. Yiziphi izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlukene zokuphuka kwengalo yengalo?

Ukwelashwa kwengalo yengalo ephukile ngokuvamile kuncike ezinhlotsheni zokuphuka kwengalo nobukhulu besimo. Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukunganyakazi ngokhonkolo noma ukuluka, ukuncishiswa okuvalekile, ukuhlinzwa ngamapuleti noma izikulufu zokuphuka okukhulu, kanye ukwelashwa ngokomzimba ukubuyisela amandla nokuvumelana nezimo ngemva kokululama.

3. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ingalo ephukile ukuze iphole?

Ingalo ephukile ngokuvamile ithatha amasonto angu-12 ukuze ilulame ngokugcwele. Inqubo yokuphulukisa incike ezicini ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nobukhulu bokulimala, ubudala, umsoco, kanye nempilo yonke. Izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela kanye nemikhuba efana nokubhema noma ukusebenzisa utshwala kungathinta isikhathi sokuphulukiswa. 

4. Ingabe ingalo ephukile ingaphola ngokwemvelo?

Nakuba amathambo enekhono lemvelo lokuphulukisa, ukwelashwa okufanele kubalulekile ukuze ingalo ephukile iphole ngendlela efanele. Ithambo lingase lingaphuluki ngendlela efanele ngaphandle kokulungiswa okwanele kanye nokungakwazi ukuhamba, okuholela ezinkingeni. 

5. Kwenzekani uma ungayinaki ingalo ephukile?

Ukuphuka okungalashwa kungaholela ekuthelelekeni, ukulimala kwezinzwa zesikhathi eside, noma ukuphulukiswa okungalungile (i-malunion). Lokhu kungabangela ukukhubazeka, ubuhlungu obungapheli, nokusebenza okulinganiselwe. Ukwengeza, ukucindezeleka emisipha ezungezile kanye nemigqa kungase kwande, okuholela ekubeni buthaka noma ukungakhululeki. 

CARE Medical Team

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