Ikhala Eliphukile

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuthinteka okungazelelwe ebusweni bakho kukushiya nekhala elibuhlungu nelivuvukele. Ikhala eliphukile liphakathi kokulimala kobuso okuvamile okuthinta abantu abaningi, ngokuvamile okubangelwa izingozi zezemidlalo, ukuwa, noma ukuxabana ngokomzimba. Lesi simo sihilela ukulimala kwethambo noma uqwanga emakhaleni, okubangela ukungakhululeki futhi okungenzeka kuguqule ukubukeka kwalo. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uzohlola izimpawu, izimbangela, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha ikhala eliphukile. 

Liyini Ikhala Eliphukile (Ikhala Eliphukile)? 

Ikhala eliphukile, noma ikhala eliphukile, ukulimala kobuso okuvamile okubandakanya ukulimala kwamathambo ekhala noma uqwanga. Kwenzeka uma kukhona ukuphuka kwethambo noma uqwanga phezu kwebhuloho lekhala, udonga oluseceleni, noma i-septum. Amathambo ekhala kanye ne-septum kungamathambo avame ukuphuka kuhlaka lwamathambo obuso ngenxa yobuthakathaka bawo obulinganiselwe kanye nokuma kobuso okuvelele kwekhala. Ithambo eliphukile ekhaleni lingathinta kokubili ukubukeka nokusebenza kwekhala. 

Yiziphi Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokuphuka Kwekhala? 

Okulandelayo yizinhlobo zamakhala aphukile: 

• Ukuphuka Kwethambo Lamakhaleni: Ukuqhekeka kwethambo lamakhala kungase kube unilateral noma izinhlangothi zombili, kungabi nendawo noma kucindezeleke kakhulu. 
• Ukuphuka Kwe-Cartilage Yamakhala: Kuhilela uqwanga emakhaleni. 
• Ukuphuka kwe-Nasal Septal: Kuhilela ukuphumula ku-septum yamakhala, uqwanga oluhlukanisa amakhala.

Isiqondiso somthelela sidlala indima ekunqumeni iphethini yokuphuka, ngokushaywa kwangemuva okubangela imiphumela ehlukile kunemithelela eqondiswe ngqo ku-dorsum yamakhala. 

Izimpawu Zekhala Eliphukile 

Ukuphuka kwekhala kuveza izimpawu ezihlukahlukene ezingaba zisuka kokuncane kuye kwezinzima. Okulandelayo ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zekhala eliphukile: 

• Ubuhlungu nokuzwela kuvamile, ikakhulukazi lapho uthinta ikhala. 
• Ukuvuvukala endaweni yamakhala 
• Ukulimala ngaphansi kwamehlo 
• I-Nosebleeds 
• Ukuphefumula kanzima ngamakhala abo 
• Umsindo oqhephukayo noma oshwabezelayo ungase uzwakale lapho uthinta ikhala, okubonisa ukulimala okungenzeka koqwanga. 
• Kwezinye izimo, ikhala lingase libonakale ligwegwile noma lingashintshile. 
• Ukuvaleka kwamakhala kungabangela umuzwa wokuvaleka emakhaleni. 
• Abanye abantu bangase babone ukuphuma kwe-mucus emakhaleni abo. 

Izimbangela Zokuphuka Ikhala 

Kunezici ezahlukahlukene ezingaholela kulokhu kulimala, njenge: 

• Ukuhlukumezeka okunamandla ekhaleni kuyimbangela eyinhloko yokuphuka kwekhala. 
• Ukulimala kwezemidlalo kuyimbangela evamile, ikakhulukazi emidlalweni yokuxhumana lapho ukushayisana kuvame. 
• Izingozi zezimoto nazo zibeka ingozi enkulu, njengoba umthelela ungabangela ukuhlukumezeka okukhulu ebusweni. 
• Ukungqubuzana ngokomzimba nokuwa ngezinye izimbangela ezivamile zokuphuka kwekhala. 

Izinkinga 

Ikhala eliphukile lingaholela ezinkingeni eziningana uma lingelashwa ngokushesha. 

• Enye inkinga ebucayi ukwakheka kwe-septal haematoma, lapho igazi liqoqana ngaphakathi kwekhala. Uma kuyekwa kungelashwa, lokhu kungabangela ukuba uqwanga lwamakhala lufe, kubangele ukugoqeka kwekhala. 
• Izinkinga zezimonyo zesikhathi eside, njengekhala eligobile, zingase zenzeke uma ukuphuka kuphulukiswa ngaphambi kokulungiswa kabusha okufanele. 
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula ngenxa yokuvaleka kwamakhala noma ukuwa nakho kungenzeka. 
• Izimpawu zesikhathi eside zekhala eliphukile zingase zihlanganise ukucinana kwekhala okuphikelelayo, umuzwa wephunga oshintshile, ukukhubazeka noma i-asymmetry, ubuhlungu obungapheli, nokuphuma kwegazi njalo. 
• Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuphuka kwekhala kungalimaza amathambo axhuma ikhala kugebhezi, okungase kubangele ukuvuza kwe-cerebrospinal fluid. Lo monakalo ungase uvumele amagciwane ukuthi afinyelele ubuchopho nomgogodla, okuholela i-meningitis. 

Ukuxilongwa Kwekhala Eliphukile 

Ukuhlola ikhala eliphukile kuhilela umlando ophelele kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Odokotela bacindezela ngobumnene ibhuloho lekhala futhi bahlole imigudu yamakhala ukuze babone ukuthi kunezithiyo. Babheka izimpawu ezinjengokuvuvukala, imihuzuko, ukukhubazeka, nokuthamba. I-Epistaxis, i-ecchymosis, kanye ne-crepitation yizinkomba ezivamile. 

Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwesithombe kungenasidingo ngaso sonke isikhathi, odokotela bangase batuse ama-X-ray noma ama-CT scan uma kusolwa ukuhlukumezeka kobuso okwengeziwe. Ama-X-ray anozwela oluphezulu lokuthola ukuphuka kwe-nasal dorsum kodwa ukuzwela okuphansi kokuqhekeka kodonga lwamakhala. Izikena ze-CT zinikeza ukunemba okukhulu kodwa ngokuvamile zigcinelwe izimo zokuhlukumezeka okukhulu kwe-maxillofacial ngenxa yezindleko nokuchayeka emisebeni. 

Ukwelashwa Kwekhala Eliphukile 

Ukwelashwa kokuphuka kwamathambo ekhaleni ngokuvamile kuncike ebukhulu bokulimala. 

• Ukuphumula, amaphakethe eqhwa, nezidambisi zinhlungu kungasiza ukuphatha izimpawu zezingane ukuphuka. Izimo ezinzima kakhulu zingadinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha. 
• Uma ikhala ligwegwile, kungase kudingeke inqubo yokunciphisa ukuze kulungiswe kabusha amathambo. 
• I-hematoma ye-septal ingase yakhe ngezinye izikhathi, idinga ukugeleza kwamanzi ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga. 
• Odokotela bangase basikisele ukuhlinzwa kwekhala lokuphuka ngenxa yokuqhekeka okuvulekile kanye nokuthungwa nokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela 

Ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze uthole ikhala eliphukile kubalulekile kulezi zimo ezilandelayo: 

• Ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala kuyaqhubeka ngemva kwezinsuku ezi-3 kuya kweziyi-5 
• Ukopha okungalawuleki noma izinguquko eziphawuleka ekhaleni elingahlobene nokuvuvukala 
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula 
• Ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni njalo 
• Umkhuhlane, unzima izinhlungu zekhanda, ubuhlungu bentamo, oluhlanzayo, noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi okuhambisana nokulimala kwekhala 
• Uketshezi olucacile, olunamanzi oluphuma emakhaleni

Prevention 

Abantu bangasebenzisa amasu amaningana okuvimbela ukunciphisa ingozi yekhala eliphukile, njenge: 

• Ukugqoka izicathulo ezine-traction enhle kusiza ukuvimbela ukuwa, okungaholela ekulimazeni ebusweni. 
• Igiya lobuso elivikelayo ngesikhathi semidlalo yokuxhumana lingavikela ikhala ukuthi lingathinteki. 
• Omakalabha bavikela ukuphuka kwekhala ngenkathi uhamba ngebhayisikili, isithuthuthu, i-skateboarding, i-skiing, noma i-snowboarding. 
• Ezimotweni, ukubopha amabhande ezihlalo kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izingane ziboshwe ngendlela efanele ezihlalweni zokuphepha ezifanele ubudala kunciphisa amathuba okulimala ekhaleni ngesikhathi sezingozi. 

Isiphetho 

Ikhala eliphukile lithinta ukubukeka nokusebenza, ngokuvamile okubangelwa izingozi noma ukungqubuzana ngokomzimba. Ulwazi oluningiliziwe lwezimpawu, izimbangela nezinketho zokwelapha kubalulekile ekulawuleni ngempumelelo lokhu kulimala okuvamile ebusweni. Isenzo esisheshayo nokunakekelwa okufanele kubalulekile ukuze uvimbele izinkinga futhi uqinisekise ukuphulukiswa okuphelele. 

FAQ sika 

1. Kuvame kangakanani ukuphuka kwamathambo ekhala? 

Ukuphuka kwekhala kuvame kakhulu, okubalelwa ku-40% kuya ku-50% wakho konke ukuphuka kobuso. Abesilisa banamathuba aphindwe kabili okuthola ikhala eliphukile uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane. 

2. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ekhaleni eliphukile? 

Ukululama ekhaleni eliphukile ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto amathathu kuya kwayisithupha. Inqubo yokuphola nobude besikhathi kungase kwehluke kuye ngobunzima bokuphuka kanye nanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase ziphakame. 

3. Ingabe ukuphuka kwekhala kungaphola ngokwako? 

Ikhala eliphukile lingaziphilisa ngokwalo emasontweni ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuhleleka okufanele futhi uvimbele izinkinga ezingase zibe khona. Uma ikhala eliphukile liphulukisa ngaphandle kokungenelela kochwepheshe, kungase kubangele ukukhubazeka unomphela noma ubunzima bokuphefumula. 

4. Ngililungisa kanjani ikhala eliphukile ngokwemvelo? 

Nakuba ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqeqeshiwe kubalulekile ekhaleni eliphukile, amanye amakhambi ekhala aphukile angasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu. Ukufaka iqhwa eligoqwe ngendwangu izikhawu zemizuzu engu-15 kunganciphisa ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala. Ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezidambisa izinhlungu ezitholakala ngaphandle kwekhawunta kanye nokusebenzisa iziqeda amandla emakhaleni (uma udokotela encoma) nakho kunganikeza impumuzo. Ukuphakamisa ikhanda ngenkathi ulele kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala. 

5. Ikhala lingaphuka lingaphumi? 

Yebo, ikhala eliphukile alibangeli ukopha ngaso sonke isikhathi. Nakuba ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni kuvamile ngokuphuka kwekhala, abanye abantu bangase bathole ezinye izimpawu ngaphandle kokopha. Lokhu kungabandakanya ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, imihuzuko emakhaleni noma emehlweni, ubunzima bokuphefumula ngamakhala, noma ukuguquka kwesimo esibonakalayo.

CARE Medical Team

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