Imigodi (Ukubola kwamazinyo)

Wake wabubula ubuhlungu obubukhali lapho uluma uswidi ozithandayo? Imigodi yisifo samazinyo esivamile esithinta abantu bayo yonke iminyaka. Kwenzeka lapho ukubola kwamazinyo kulimaza indawo eqinile yamazinyo akho, okuholela emigodini emincane. Ukuqonda imigodi yezinyo kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo enhle yomlomo nokuvimbela izinkinga ezingathi sína zamazinyo. Lesi sihloko sihlola umhlaba wezimbobo zamazinyo, kusukela ekudaleni kwazo kuye kuzinketho zokwelapha izimbotshana zamazinyo. 

Izimpawu ze-Cavities

Izimbobo zivame ukukhula buthule, ngaphandle kwezimpawu eziphawulekayo ezigabeni zokuqala. Njengoba ukubola kwezinyo kuqhubeka ngale koqweqwe lwawo ku-dentin ne-pulp, abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezihlukahlukene, njenge:

• Ukuzwela Izinyo: Enye yezimpawu zokuqala zemigodi ukwanda kokuzwela ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa. Abantu bangase bazizwe bengakhululekile noma ubuhlungu lapho bedla ukudla okushisayo noma okubandayo neziphuzo. 
• Ubuhlungu Nokungakhululeki: Abantu bavame ukuzwa ubuhlungu bezinyo ngenxa yemigodi. Ngezinye izikhathi, umgodi wezinyo ungase ubangele ubuhlungu obuvamile bomlomo.
• Izinguquko Ezibonakalayo: Izimpawu ezibonakalayo zemigodi zihlanganisa:
• Ibala elimnyama noma elinsundu
• Imigodi emincane noma izimbobo eziphawulekayo emazinyweni
• Ukuvuvukala Kobuso
• Umoya omubi (i-halitosis)
• Ukunambitheka okungemnandi emlonyeni
• Ngaphandle kokuzwela kwezinga lokushisa, ukungakhululeki okuqhubekayo ngemva kokudla ukudla okumnandi noma iziphuzo kungabonisa ukuba khona kwemigodi.
• Ngezinye izikhathi, izinsini ezophayo noma ezinye izimpawu zesifo sezinsini zingase zihambisane nezimbobo. 

Cavities Izimbangela

Izimbobo ziyakhula lapho ama-asidi emlonyeni ewohloka ungqimba lwangaphandle oluqinile lwezinyo (koqweqwe lwawo). Le nqubo, ebizwa ngokuthi ukubola kwamazinyo, kwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ihlanganisa izici eziningana ezisebenza ndawonye:

I-Plaque: Ukudla ukudla okunoshukela nesitashi neziphuzo kubangela ukunqwabelana koqweqwe lwamazinyo emazinyweni. Ukuqoqwa koqweqwe olude lwesikhathi eside kungase kubangele amagciwane ukuthi alimaze ukwakheka kwamazinyo futhi aqalise imigodi ngenxa yokudla.

Ukudla okunoshukela omningi: Amagciwane ahlala emlonyeni adla ukudla okunoshukela kanye nesitashi njengesithelo, uswidi, isinkwa, okusanhlamvu, amasoda, ijusi, nobisi. Baguqula ama-carbohydrate abe ama-asidi, ahlangana nezinhlayiya zokudla namathe ukuze abangele imigodi yamazinyo.

Ukungahlanzeki Komlomo Komlomo: Ukungaxubhi nokucwala njalo kungase kubangele ukunqwabelana koqweqwe lwawo kanye nokunqwabelana kwamagciwane, okungase kucekele phansi uqweqwe lwamazinyo futhi kubangele imigodi.

Ukumunca Kaningi: Ukudla ukudla okuvamile, ikakhulukazi ekudleni okunoshukela noma okune-acidic, akuniki amazinyo ethu isikhathi asidingayo ukuze alulame futhi acuphe inqubo yezinyo.

Ukugcwaliswa Kwamazinyo Okugugile kanye Nedivayisi Yamazinyo Engafanelekile: Ukugcwaliswa kwamazinyo kwamazinyo agugile kuvumela i-plaque ukuba yakheke kalula futhi yenze ukuyikhipha kube nzima, ithuthukise imigodi. Ngokufanayo, izisetshenziswa zamazinyo ezingafanelekile zivumela ukubola kuqale ngaphansi kwawo.

I-Eating Disorder: Ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla (i-anorexia ne-bulimia) kungaba yimbangela yokuguguleka kwamazinyo amaningi kanye nemigodi yamazinyo. I-gastric acid ephuma ekuhlanzeni ngokuphindaphindiwe igeza phezu kwamazinyo futhi igugule uqweqwe lwawo, okuholela ekutheni amazinyo abhoboke.

Izinto Eziyingozi Zemigodi Yamazinyo

Kunezici ezimbalwa ezingakhuphula amathuba okuthuthukisa imigodi:

• Amazinyo angemuva, njenge-molars kanye nama-premolars, anengozi enkulu yokwakhiwa kwemigodi. Lawa mazinyo anemisele eminingi, imigodi, nezimpande eziningi eziqoqa izinhlayiya zokudla, okwenza kube nzima ukukuhlanza kunamazinyo angaphambili abushelelezi.
• Umlomo owomile (xerostomia)
• Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwemikhiqizo neziphuzo ezinoshukela noma ezinesitashi
• Umlando womndeni wokubola kwamazinyo
• Ukuwohloka kwezinsini
• Umlando we ukwelashwa kwemisebe ukwelapha umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo

Izinkinga    

Imigodi engalashwa ingaholela emiphumeleni emibi edlulela ngalé kokuqaqamba kwamazinyo, njenge:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu nokungaphatheki kahle
• Ithumba lamazinyo
• Izifo zezinsini
• Ukulimala kwesakhiwo emazinyweni
• bekhanda
• Ubunzima bokuhlafuna kanye nezinkinga zokudla okunomsoco
• Ukubeka amashifu amazinyo aseduze
• Izimbobo zamazinyo angaphambili zibonakala kakhulu, zithinta ukumamatheka nokuzethemba

Sifo

Ukuthola imigodi kuhilela inhlanganisela yokuhlola okubonakalayo kanye namathuluzi okuxilonga athuthukile: 

Ukuhlola Okubonwayo: Odokotela bamazinyo babheka amachashaza agugekile emazinyweni, angase abonakale emhlophe noma emnyama kunoqweqwe oluzungezile. 

Ukuhlola Okuthintekayo: Odokotela bamazinyo basebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile wamazinyo ukuzwa izindawo ezithambile noma izimbobo emazinyweni. 

I-Radiographic imaging: I-X-ray yamazinyo ibalulekile ekutholeni imigodi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingabonakali kalula ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okubonakalayo. 

I-Advanced Diagnostic Technologies: Lokhu kwenza odokotela bamazinyo bakwazi ukubona imigodi ezigabeni zangaphambili futhi baqaphe ukusebenza kokwelashwa kokuvimbela:

1. I-Fibre-optic transillumination (FOTI)
2. Amadivayisi asekelwe ku-fluorescence
3. Ukuhamba kukagesi
4. Amadivayisi afana ne-PTR-LUM ne-laser fluorescence 
5. Izikena zomlomo zangaphakathi

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelashwa kwezimbobo zamazinyo kuncike ekuqineni kokubola kwamazinyo. 

Ukwelashwa kwe-Fluoride: Ukwelashwa kwe-fluoride kungalungisa koqweqwe lwawo olulimele ngokubuyisela amaminerali ezigabeni zokuqala zokubola kwamazinyo, okungase kubuyisele emuva izimpawu zokuqala zemigodi. 

Ukugcwaliswa Kwamazinyo: Inqubo yokugcwalisa umgodi wamazinyo iba kudingekile uma i-cavity isithuthuke ngaphezu koqweqwe lwawo. Izinto ezijwayelekile zokugcwalisa zifaka:

• I-Composite resin (inombala wamazinyo)
• Silver amalgam
• I-GIC (i-glass ionomer Cement)

Imiqhele: Umqhele yisembozo esifakwe ngokwezifiso noma "ikepisi" elibekwe phezu kwezinyo ukuze livikeleke futhi liqiniswe. Ezimweni lapho umgodi omkhulu ucekele phansi ingxenye enkulu yezinyo, odokotela bangase baphakamise umqhele wamazinyo, i-onlay kanye nokubeka umqhele.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Root Canal: Ukwelashwa kwe-Root canal kungase kudingeke lapho ukubola kwamazinyo kufinyelela ku-pulp (impahla yangaphakathi yezinyo). 

Ukukhipha Izinyo: Ezimeni ezinzima lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingenakwenzeka, ukukhipha izinyo kungaba ukuphela kwendlela. 

Nini Ukubona Udokotela Wamazinyo

Izimpawu ezithile ze-cavities zidinga ukunakwa ngokushesha kudokotela wamazinyo, njenge:

• Ukuthola ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu lapho udla ukudla okushisayo, okubandayo, noma okumnandi neziphuzo
• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo emazinyweni owodwa noma ngaphezulu
• Ukuvuvukala emlonyeni noma emlonyeni
• Izinsini zokopha, ikakhulukazi lapho uxubha noma ushayela
• Ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu ngenkathi udla
• Umkhuhlane noma ubomvu ezungeze izinyo
• Ubuso obuvuvukile
• Ukushintsha kwezinsini noma amazinyo

Indlela Yokuvimbela Imigodi

Ukuvimbela imigodi yamazinyo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokugcina impilo enhle yomlomo. Abantu banganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yabo yokubola kwamazinyo ngokuthatha imikhuba embalwa elula nokwenza izinguquko zokuphila, okuhlanganisa:

Gcina Inhlanzeko Yomlomo Enhle:

• Ukuxubha amazinyo kabili ngosuku nge-fluoride toothpaste 
• Ukucwebezela okungenani kanye ngosuku kusiza ekukhipheni uqweqwe lokudla kanye nezinhlayiya zokudla ezinamathele phakathi kwamazinyo

Izinguquko Zokudla kanye Nendlela Yokuphila:

• Nciphisa ukudla okulula okunoshukela phakathi kokudla
• Gwema ukufaka ushukela etiyeni noma ekhofini
• Yidla okumnandi ngesikhathi sokudla esikhundleni sokudla okulula okuhlukene
• Khetha amanzi kampompi ngaphezu kweziphuzo ezithambile noma ijusi
• Ukusebenzisa umuthi wokuxubha one-fluoride nokuphuza amanzi kampompi ane-fluoridated ukufaka i-fluoride esimisweni somuntu sansuku zonke. 

Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela Ezengeziwe:

• Hlafuna ushingamu ongenashukela ngemva kokudla. Lokhu kungase kwenyuse ukugeleza kwamathe
• Hlala ugcwele amanzi ngokuphuza izingilazi ezingu-6-8 zoketshezi nsuku zonke
• Cabangela ama-dental sealant ukuthola imifantu ejulile emazinyweni uma kunconywe udokotela wamazinyo.
• Hlanza umlomo wakho ngamanzi ngemva kokudla ukudla okunoshukela noma iziphuzo uma ukuxubha ngokushesha kungenzeki.

Ukwelashwa Kwezinyo Lemvelo

Nakuba ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo okuqeqeshiwe kusalokhu kubalulekile ekwelapheni izimbotshana, amakhambi emvelo amaningana angasiza ukuvimbela ukubola kwamazinyo futhi asekele impilo yomlomo. 

• Ukudonsa Amafutha: Lo mkhuba wasendulo we-Ayurvedic uhlanganisa ukuxubha ngamafutha (sesame noma amafutha kakhukhunathi) emlonyeni wakho cishe imizuzu engamashumi amabili. 
• I-Aloe Vera Tooth Gel: Izakhiwo zayo zokulwa namagciwane zingasiza ekunciphiseni imigodi yamazinyo ngokuvimbela ukunqwabelana kwamagciwane ayingozi emlonyeni. 
• I-Vitamin D namaminerali: Ukudla okwanele Vitamin DAmaminerali afana ne-calcium, i-phosphorus, ne-magnesium abalulekile ekugcineni amazinyo anempilo. 
• I-Liquorice Root: Impande ye-Liquorice inezindawo zokulwa namagciwane eziqondise i-Streptococcus mutans.
• I-Gum engenashukela: Ukuhlafuna ushingamu ongenashukela ngemva kokudla kuye kwaboniswa ukunciphisa amazinga amagciwane alimaza uqweqwe lwawo. 
• I-Fluoride: Inhlanzi yamazinyo ene-fluoride ephezulu noma ukufaka i-fluoride eqondile kusiza ukuvuselela uqweqwe lwamazinyo. 

Isiphetho

Impilo enhle yomlomo ibalulekile ekuvimbeleni imigodi nokuqinisekisa inhlalakahle yonke. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile komlomo, ukuxubha ngendlela efanele kanye namasu okuntanta ngohlelo lokudla okunempilo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni amazinyo enempilo. Amakhambi emvelo angakwazi ukuhambisana nale mikhuba, enikeza ukwesekwa okwengeziwe emazinyweni nasezinsini.

FAQ sika

1. Ingabe uyazikhipha izimbotshana?

Izimbobo, noma ukubola kwamazinyo, yizimbobo ezincane emazinyweni angeke akhishwe ngokwemvelo ekhaya. Udokotela wamazinyo kuphela ongavala imbobo. 

2. Ngiyimisa kanjani imigodi yami?

Umuntu kufanele agxile ekuhlanzekeni komlomo okuhle kanye nemikhuba yokudla ukuze avimbe imigodi ukuthi ingathuthuki. Nazi ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo:

• Geza amazinyo okungenani kabili ngosuku, ugxile endaweni yomgodi ukuze ususe izinhlayiya zokudla
• Sebenzisa i-fluoride toothpaste
• Hlafuna ushingamu ongenashukela oqukethe i-xylitol ngemva kokudla 
• Geza amazinyo nsuku zonke ukuze ukhiphe imfucumfucu yokudla kanye noqweqwe oluphakathi kwamazinyo
• Hlanza ngamanzi ngemva kokudla
• Gwema ukudla okunoshukela neziphuzo
• Yidla ukudla okunothiswe ngamaminerali afana ne-calcium, i-phosphorus, ne-magnesium
• Qinisekisa ukuthi uthola uvithamini D owanele

3. Ingabe kufanele uxube umgodi?

Yebo, umuntu kufanele aqhubeke exubha amazinyo ngisho noma enembobo, njengoba ukuxubha kahle kungasiza ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kwesikhala. 

4. Indlela yokugcwalisa izinyo ngokwemvelo?

Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukugcwalisa imbobo yamazinyo ngokwemvelo ekhaya, amanye amakhambi emvelo angasiza ekubambezeleni ukuqhubeka kwemigodi yesigaba sangaphambi kwesikhathi futhi asekele impilo yonke yamazinyo.

5. Zivame kangakanani izimbotshana?

I-Cavities yizimo ezivame kakhulu. Ocwaningweni olwenziwa e-India, ukusabalala sekukonke kwe-caries yamazinyo bekungama-54.16%, nama-62% ezigulini ezingaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-18 kanye nama-52% phakathi kweminyaka emi-3-18 ubudala.

UDkt. Sreenivasa Rao Akula

BDS, MDS, Fellow ICOI (USA), Dental Surgeon Periodontist & Implantologist
Izibhedlela ze-CARE, Nampally, Hyderabad, CARE Hospitals Outpatient Centre, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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