Ukutheleleka kwe-Chlamydia

I-Chlamydia isifo esithathelwana ngocansi esivamile (STI) esivame ukungabi nazimpawu, okwenza kube yingozi kakhulu uma ingelashwa. Kungase kuholele ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezifana ukungazali, ubuhlungu be-pelvic obungapheli, noma imiphumela emibi yokukhulelwa. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uchaza konke mayelana nokutheleleka kwe-chlamydia, okuhlanganisa izimpawu zako, izimbangela, kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa. 

Iyini I-Chlamydia Infection?

Ukutheleleka kwe-Chlamydia yibhaktheriya izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi okubangelwa i-Chlamydia trachomatis, okwenza ihluke kuma-STI amagciwane. Ima njenge-STI yebhaktheriya ebikwa njalo.

Lesi sifo singathinta izitho ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, kuhlanganise nezitho zangasese, amehlo namaphaphu. Okwenza i-chlamydia ikhathazeke kakhulu ukuthi abantu abaningi abanayo ababi nazo izimpawu. Lesi simo esingasho lutho sokutheleleka ngokuvamile sivumela ukuthi singabonwa futhi singalashwa isikhathi eside.

Amaqembu athile abhekene nengozi enkulu yokuthola ukutheleleka nge-chlamydia:

• Abantu abadala abasebasha abaneminyaka eyi-15-24 (ibalwa ngaphezu kwesigamu sawo wonke amacala atholakele)
• Abesifazane kanye nabantu ababelwe abesifazane ekuzalweni
• Abesilisa abalala nabesilisa
• Abantu abamnyama nabangewona amaSpanishi

Izimpawu Zokutheleleka kwe-Chlamydia 

Kulabo ababa nezimpawu, ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane:

• Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-chlamydia kwabesifazane kanye nabantu abanikezwe abesifazane ngesikhathi sokuzalwa:
  • Ukungcola okumhlophe, okuphuzi, noma okumpunga okungase kube nephunga
  • Ubuhlungu noma ukushisa ngesikhathi sokuchama
  • Ukopha phakathi kokuya esikhathini noma ngemva kocansi
  • Ubuhlungu besisu esingezansi
  • Ubuhlungu ngesikhathi socansi
  • Ukwanda kwesidingo sokuchama
• Izimpawu zokutheleleka kwe-chlamydia emadodeni:
  • Ukukhipha okucwebile noma okuguqubele epipini
  • Ubuhlungu noma ukushisa ngesikhathi sokuchama
  • Ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala kwamasende
• Ukutheleleka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba:
  • Ku-anus, abantu bangase bazwe ubuhlungu, ukukhishwa, noma ukopha
  • Ukutheleleka kwamehlo kungabangela ububomvu, ubuhlungu, nokuphuma kwamanzi
  • Ukutheleleka komlomo nomphimbo kungabangela ubuhlungu noma ububomvu emphinjeni noma emlonyeni, amabala amhlophe abheke ngemuva komlomo, nezilonda emlonyeni.

Izingane ezizalwa omama abane-chlamydia zingase zibe nezifo zamehlo noma inyumoniya, ezidinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwama-antibiotic. Lezi zimpawu kufanele zenze ukunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha, njengoba ukutholakala kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu. 

Izimbangela zeChlamydia Infection 

Ukwenza ucansi ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okufanele kusewumzila oyinhloko wokudluliselwa kwe-chlamydia. 

Ukutheleleka kusakazeka ngokuyinhloko ngalezi:

• Ucansi olungavikelekile lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, somlomo, noma sangemuva
• Ukwabelana ngezinto ezisondelene ngaphandle kokuhlanza okufanele
• Ukutheleleka kusuka kumama kuya enganeni ngesikhathi sokubeletha
• Ukuthintana noketshezi lomzimba oluthelelekile

Izingozi Ezibalulekile:

• Ukuba nabalingani bocansi abaningi phakathi nonyaka
• Ukuzibandakanya emsebenzini wocansi olungavikelekile
• Umlando wangaphambilini wezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi
• Ukuya ocansini uneminyaka engaphansi kuka-25
• Ukusetshenziswa kwekhondomu okungaguquki
• Ukushintsha ozakwethu ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa isimo sokutheleleka

Izinkinga zeChlamydia Infection

Ukutheleleka kwe-chlamydia okungalashwa kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima zezempilo ezithinta izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. 

• Kwabesifazane: Inkinga enkulu kakhulu yiPelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), edinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela futhi engabangela ukulimala okungapheli ezithweni zokuzala. I-PID ingaholela ku:
  • Ubuhlungu be-pelvic obungapheli
  • Ukungazali ngenxa yezibazi zamashubhu e-fallopian
  • Ingozi eyengeziwe yokukhulelwa kwe-ectopic
  • ukukhulelwa izinkinga, okuhlanganisa ukulethwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi
• Kwabesilisa: Abesilisa babhekana nezinkinga ezihlukile kodwa ezinzima ngokulinganayo lapho i-chlamydia ihlala ingelashwa:
  • I-Epididymitis (ukuvuvukala kweshubhu elithwele isidoda)
  • I-Prostatitis (ukuvuvukala kwe-prostate gland)
  • Ukuncipha kokuzala ngenxa yokulimala kwesidoda
  • Ukuvuvukala kwe-urethra
• Izinkinga Ezijwayelekile: Ukutheleleka kungasakazekela ngaphandle kwesistimu yokuzala, kubangele izinkinga zempilo ezengeziwe:
  • Isifo samathambo esisebenzayo esithinta amalunga
  • Ukuvuvukala kwamehlo
  • Ukwanda kwengozi yokutheleleka nge-HIV
  • Izifo zomphimbo
  • Kubantu abakhulelwe, i-chlamydia engelashiwe ibeka engcupheni ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, okungase kubangele izifo zamehlo (conjunctivitis) noma inyumoniya. 

Sifo

Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu nenembile i-nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), ethola i-DNA ye-chlamydia bacteria.

Odokotela benza lokhu kuhlola ngokusebenzisa:

• Isampula yomchamo olula
• I-swab yoketshezi oluphuma esithweni sangasese sowesifazane, emlonyeni wesibeletho, noma ku-urethra
• Amasampula avela emphinjeni noma endunu, kuye ngengozi yokuchayeka
• Ama-swabs wamehlo uma kusolakala ukuthi une-chlamydia eye

Ukwelashwa kweChlamydia Infection

Izindlela zokwelapha eziphumelelayo zikhona zokutheleleka kwe-chlamydia, nama-antibiotics okuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha. Odokotela ngokuvamile banikeza umuthi owodwa wemithi embalwa eqinisekisiwe engasusa ukutheleleka phakathi kwamaviki angu-1-2.

Izinketho Zokwelashwa Eziyinhloko:

• I-Doxycycline: 100 mg izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku izinsuku ezingu-7
• I-Azithromycin: Umthamo owodwa gram 1
• I-Levofloxacin: 500 mg kanye ngosuku izinsuku ezingu-7

Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi i-doxycycline iphumelela kakhulu kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha, ikakhulukazi izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Kubantu abakhulelwe, odokotela bavame ukuncoma i-azithromycin njengendlela yokwelashwa ekhethwayo.

Iziguli kumele zilandele iziqondiso ezithile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukululama ngempumelelo. Kufanele bagweme ukwenza ucansi kuze kuqedwe ukwelashwa kanye nezinsuku eziyisikhombisa ngemuva kokwelashwa ngomthamo owodwa. Ukwengeza, bonke abalingani bocansi bamanje kufanele bahlolwe futhi belashwe ukuvimbela ukuphinda batheleleke.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Umuntu ngamunye kufanele afune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha kulezi zimo:

• Ngemva kokufunda umlingani wabo ocansini uhlolwe ukuthi une-chlamydia
• Uma uhlangabezana nokuphuma okungavamile esithweni sangasese, umthondo, noma i-rectum
• Uma ekhona ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuchama
• Lapho uqaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile zesitho sangasese, kuhlanganise nezilonda noma ukuqubuka
• Ngemva kokuhlanganyela emisebenzini yocansi engavikelekile

Prevention

Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-chlamydia kuncike ekuziphatheni okuphephile kocansi kanye nokugcina ukuhlolwa kwezempilo okuvamile. 

Amaqhinga Abalulekile Okuvikela:

• Sebenzisa amakhondomu ngendlela efanele ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho uya ocansini
• Cabanga ngamadamu amazinyo ocansi lomlomo
• Gcina ubudlelwano bokushada nomuntu oyedwa nozakwethu ohloliwe
• Hlanza futhi uhlanze izinto ezisondelene okwabelwana ngazo
• Thola ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwe-STI, ikakhulukazi uma uya ocansini
• Ukukhawulela umsebenzi kumlingani oyedwa osondelene naye kuphela kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka. 

Isiphetho

Ukutheleleka kwe-Chlamydia kuseyinkinga enkulu yezempilo, kodwa ulwazi kanye nesenzo esifanele kungavimbela ukusabalala kwayo kanye nezinkinga. Ukuhlola okuvamile, ikakhulukazi kulabo abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-25 noma abanozakwethu abaningi, kusebenza njengomugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela kulokhu kutheleleka okuvamise ukuthule.

Ukuvikelwa ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini, ukuxhumana okuvulekile nozakwethu, kanye nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ophawulweni lokuqala lwezimpawu kwakha isisekelo sokuvikela ngempumelelo. Abantu kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi nakuba i-chlamydia ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu uma ingelashwa, ama-antibiotics angakwazi ukwelapha ukutheleleka ngokuphelele uma kuthathwa njengoba kunqunyiwe.

Odokotela bagcizelela ukuthi noma ngubani ocabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uke wachayeka ku-chlamydia kufanele ahlolwe ngokushesha, ngisho nangaphandle kwezimpawu. Lesi sinyathelo esilula, esihlanganiswe nezinqubo zocansi eziphephile kanye nokuhlolwa kwezempilo okuvamile, kusiza ukuvikela kokubili impilo yomuntu ngamunye kanye neyomphakathi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kwenzekani uma une-chlamydia?

Ukutheleleka kwe-chlamydia okungalashwa kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu namathuba okutheleleka okusakazekela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba futhi kubangele izinkinga ezihlukahlukene:

• I-Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) edinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela
• Ukwanda kwengozi yokutheleleka nge-HIV
• Izinkinga zokuzala kwabesilisa nabesifazane
• Izinkinga zokukhulelwa kanye nezingozi ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa

2. Ibuhlungu kangakanani i-chlamydia?

Ubuhlungu beChlamydia buhluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Abantu abaningi abezwa nhlobo ubuhlungu, okwenza ukutheleleka kube yingozi kakhulu njengoba kungabonakali. Lapho ubuhlungu buvela, ngokuvamile bubonakala kanje:

• Umuzwa ovuthayo ngenkathi uchama
• Ukungakhululeki ngesikhathi socansi
• Ubuhlungu besisu esingezansi
• Ubuhlungu besende emadodeni

3. Ingabe i-chlamydia iyelapheka?

Yebo, ukutheleleka kwe-chlamydia kuyelapheka ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele ngama-antibiotic. Odokotela ngokuvamile banikeza i-azithromycin noma i-doxycycline. Isifo ngokuvamile siphela phakathi kwamaviki angu-1-2 ngokwelashwa okufanele.

4. Ingabe i-chlamydia iyelapheka ekhaya?

Cha, i-chlamydia ayikwazi ukwelapha ekhaya. Nakuba amanye amakhambi asekhaya angasiza ekudambiseni izimpawu, awakwazi ukuqeda ukutheleleka ngebhaktheriya. Ama-antibiotics kadokotela kuphela angakwazi ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwe-chlamydia. Ukuzama ukwelapha i-chlamydia ekhaya kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu futhi kuvumele ukutheleleka kusakazeke ngokuqhubekayo.

UDkt. Neha V Bhargava

MS, DNB (obgyn), MNAMS, Fellow (Gynae Oncology)
I-Ganga CARE Hospital Limited, eNagpur

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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