I-Cholesteatoma

I-Cholesteatoma yisimo sezindlebe esibucayi esingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuzweni kanye nempilo yonke. Lokhu kukhula kweseli okungavamile endlebeni emaphakathi noma ithambo le-mastoid likhula kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwezimpawu eziyisixwayiso zakuqala. Uma singelashwa, isifo se-cholesteatoma singaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezindlebe nezinye izinkinga, kwenze ukusheshe kutholakale nokuphathwa ngendlela efanele. Ake sihlole izimbangela zayo, izimpawu, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo. 

Iyini i-Cholesteatoma? 

I-Cholesteatoma Indlebe yisimo esingajwayelekile kodwa esingaba sibi kakhulu esithinta indlebe emaphakathi. Naphezu kwegama layo, eliphakamisa ukuthi i-cholesterol noma ukuba khona kwamafutha, ihlanganisa iqoqo elingavamile lamaseli esikhumba ekujuleni kwendlebe, ikakhulukazi ethanjeni le-mastoid noma ngemuva kolwelwesi lwe-tympanic. Lokhu kukhula okuhle kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ezakhiweni ezizungezile uma kushiywe kungelashwa. 

Okulandelayo yizinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-cholesteatoma: 

• I-Congenital Cholesteatomas: Lokhu kukhula kokuzalwa kuyivelakancane kakhulu futhi kuvela ku-squamous epithelium evaleleke ngaphakathi kwethambo lesikhashana ngesikhathi sokukhula. 
• I-Cholesteatomas etholakala ngokuyinhloko: Lezi cholesteatomas zibangelwa izinguquko zokucindezela endlebeni ephakathi, okwenza isigubhu sendlebe sithambekele ekugoqekeni futhi sidale iphakethe lapho amangqamuzana esikhumba afile enqwabelana khona. 
• I-Cholesteatomas etholakala okwesibili: Bakhula ngenxa yokulimala okuqondile ku-eardrum, ngokuvamile kusukela ukutheleleka noma ukuhlukumezeka. 

Izimbangela kanye Nezingozi Zobungozi be-Cholesteatoma 

Nazi ezinye izimbangela ezivamile ze-cholesteatoma: 

• Izinkinga ezihambisana ne-Eustachian Tube: Leli payipi lixhuma indlebe ephakathi nomphimbo. Uma leli shubhu lehluleka ukusebenza ngendlela efanele, lingakha umfutho ongemuhle endlebeni ephakathi, okubangela ukuba i-eardrum ihlehle futhi yakhe iphakethe. Leli phakethe lingakwazi ukuqoqa amangqamuzana esikhumba afile, okuholela ku-cholesteatoma. 
• I-Congenital Factor: Akuvamile ukuthi izingane zizalwe zine-cholesteatoma. 
• ukutheleleka: I-acute otitis media noma izifo zendlebe ezingapheli zingaholela ekukhuleni okungavamile endlebeni. 

Kunezici eziningana ezingandisa amathuba okuba nalesi simo. Lokhu kubandakanya: 

• Ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa esakhiweni sezindlebe 
• Abantu abanomlando wokungenwa yizindlebe okuphindaphindiwe 
• Ukuhlinzwa kwendlebe kwangaphambilini 
• Ukuhlukumezeka endlebeni 
• Ulwanga oluvulekile 
• Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka 

Izimpawu ze-Cholesteatoma 

Izimpawu ze-Cholesteatoma zingahluka kumuntu nomuntu futhi kuncike ekutheni isimo siyazalwa noma siyatholwa yini. I-Congenital cholesteatomas, ekhona lapho izalwa, ingase ingabangeli izimpawu eziphawulekayo kuze kube yilapho ikhula. Ngokuphambene, i-cholesteatomas etholiwe, ekhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngokuvamile iveza izimpawu ezicacile. Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ze-cholesteatoma: 

• Ukukhishwa Okunuka Kabi Endlebeni Ethintekile: Lokhu kuphuma kwamanzi kungase kufane nobomvu futhi kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka. 
• Ukugcwala noma Ukucindezela Endlebeni: Le mizwa ingase ingakhululeki. 
• I-tinnitus: Abanye abantu bangase futhi bakuqaphele tinnitus, ukubhayiza okuphikelelayo noma ukukhala komsindo endlebeni. 
• Isiyezi nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi: Lezi zimpawu zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu njengoba isimo siqhubeka, sithinte izakhiwo zendlebe yangaphakathi ezibhekene nokugcina ibhalansi. 
• Ukulahleka Kwezwa: Njengoba isimo siba sibi, singalimaza amathambo amancane endlebe ephakathi. Lokhu kubangela ukwehla kancane kancane emandleni okuzwa. 

Izinkinga 

I-Cholesteatoma ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu uma ingelashwa. Lesi simo singase silimaze izakhiwo ezintekenteke ngaphakathi kwendlebe ezibalulekile ekuzweni nasekulinganiseni. Njengoba i-cholesteatoma ikhula, ingabangela izifo zendlebe eziqhubekayo, okuholela ekuphumeni endlebeni. Ezinye zezinkinga yilezi: 

• Ukuzwa ukulahlekelwa 
• Vertigo (umuzwa wokuphotha) 
• tinnitus 
• Ukulimala kwenzwa yobuso noma ukukhubazeka kobuso okuholela ebuthakathakeni ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso. 
• I-Mastoiditis (ukutheleleka kwethambo le-mastoid) 
• Ukutheleleka kudlulela ebuchosheni, kubangele ithumba ebuchosheni noma i-meningitis. 

Sifo 

• Ukuhlolwa Komzimba: Odokotela be-ENT basebenzisa i-otoscope ukuze bahlole i-eardrum ne-ear canal, befuna izimpawu ze-cholesteatoma, njengesisindo esimhlophe ngemuva kwe-eardrum noma iphakethe lokuhlehlisa. 
• I-Computed Tomography (CT) Izikena: Izikena ze-CT zethambo lesikhashana izindlela eziyinhloko zokuthwebula ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubungako besimo nokuqondisa ukuhlelwa kokuhlinzwa. 
• Ukufaniswa kwe-Magnetic Resonance (MRI): Isetshenziswa uma kukhona ukukhathazeka mayelana nezinkinga ezifana nokubandakanyeka kwamazwe ngamazwe noma amathumba ebuchosheni. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Audiometric: Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola ukungezwa kwezindlebe, okuwuphawu oluvamile lwe-cholesteatoma. 
• I-Tympanometry: Ihlola ukusebenza kwendlebe emaphakathi, nakuba ingakwazi ukuxilonga i-cholesteatoma. 

Ukwelashwa kwe-Cholesteatoma 

Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kwe-cholesteatoma ukungenelela ngokuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ususe ukukhula kwesikhumba okungavamile futhi uvimbele izinkinga ezinkulu, njenge: 

I-tympanomastoidectomy: 

• Kuyindlela evamile yokuhlinzwa futhi kuhilela kokubili i-tympanoplasty yokulungisa i-eardrum kanye ne-mastoidectomy ukuze kukhishwe lesi sifo ethanjeni le-mastoid. 
• Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa, okwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, udokotela ohlinzayo wenza i-incision ngemuva noma phambi kwendlebe. Basusa ngokucophelela i-cholesteatoma nanoma yiliphi ithambo elithintekile. Ngezinye izikhathi, kungase kudingeke bakhiphe ingxenye ye-ear canal, benze imbobo evuleka endlebeni. 
• Ukubuyisela ngokuvamile kuhilela ukufaka ibhandishi ekhanda amahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 ngemva kokuhlinzwa. Iziguli ngokuvamile zidinga cishe amasonto angu-1-2 okuphumula, kuye ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kungakanani. Kubalulekile ukugcina indlebe yomile ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela 

Thola usizo lwezempilo ngokushesha uma: 

• Izwa izinkinga zezindlebe eziqhubekayo 
• Qaphela izinguquko ezindlebeni zakho 
• Khipha amanzi endlebeni yakho 

Prevention 

Ukuvimbela i-cholesteatoma kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo yezindlebe. Nakuba ezinye izimo zingagwemeka, ungathatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa ukuze unciphise ubungozi. Amanye amasu okuvikela yilawa: 

• Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kwezifo zendlebe ezingapheli njengoba izifo ezingalashwa zingase zibe nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwe-cholesteatoma. 
• Ukulandelela okuvamile, ikakhulukazi kulabo abanomlando we-otitis media engapheli, kungasiza ekuboneni kusenesikhathi nokulawulwa kwe-cholesteatoma. 
• Ukugcina inhlanzeko ezindlebeni efanele, okuhlanganisa ukugwema ukuchayeka emanzini nokunamathela emithini yokwelashwa enqunyiwe. 

Isiphetho 

Ukubhekana ne-cholesteatoma kungaba yinselele, kodwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokulandelwa, abantu abaningi bangaba nemiphumela emihle. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokulandela iseluleko sikadokotela kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina izindlebe zakho ziphilile. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile ezindlebeni zakho noma unezinkinga zendlebe eziphikelelayo, ungangabazi ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha. Ukunakekela impilo yendlebe yakho kubalulekile enhlalakahleni yakho iyonke. 

FAQs 

1. Ingabe i-cholesteatoma ibeka ukuphila engozini? 

Nakuba i-cholesteatoma ngokuvamile ingafaki ukuphila engozini, ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu uma ingelashwa. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukutheleleka kungasakazekela endlebeni yangaphakathi nasebuchosheni, okungase kubangele i-meningitis noma amathumba ebuchosheni. 

2. Yini eyenza i-cholesteatoma ikhule? 

I-Cholesteatoma ikhula ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwamangqamuzana esikhumba afile ephaketheni elakhiwe isigubhu sendlebe esibhidlikile. Ukutheleleka kwezindlebe okungapheli, ukungasebenzi kahle kweshubhu le-eustachian, nezici zokuzalwa kungaba nomthelela ekuthuthukeni kwayo. 

3. Yiziphi izigaba ze-cholesteatoma? 

Iqembu elisebenzayo le-EAONO/JOS lenze uhlelo lwesiteji lwe-cholesteatoma: 

• Isigaba I: I-cholesteatoma yendawo 
• Isigaba II: I-Cholesteatoma ehilela amasayithi amabili noma ngaphezulu 
• Isigaba III: I-Cholesteatoma enezinkinga ze-extracranial 
• Isigaba IV: I-Cholesteatoma enezinkinga ze-intracranial.

4. Ingabe i-cholesteatoma ingasakazeka? 

Yebo, i-cholesteatoma ingasakazeka futhi ilimaze izakhiwo ezizungezile endlebeni ephakathi, kuhlanganise nama-ossicles, ithambo le-mastoid, nenzwa yobuso. Ingase futhi igugule ithambo, ihlukanise indlebe nobuchopho. 

5. Ingabe i-cholesteatoma iyisici sokuzalwa? 

I-Congenital cholesteatoma ikhona lapho izalwa, kodwa ayivamile. Ama-cholesteatomas amaningi atholakala futhi athuthuke kamuva ekuphileni ngenxa yezinkinga ezingapheli zezindlebe noma ukulimala kwe-eardrum. 

6. Ingabe i-cholesteatoma ingakhula futhi? 

Yebo, i-cholesteatoma ingaphinde ivele ngisho nangemva kokususwa kokuhlinzwa. Ingozi yokuphinda iphindeke iphezulu ezinganeni kunabantu abadala, okudinga ukuqokwa njalo kokulandelela. 

7. Ingabe i-cholesteatoma ingaphazamisa ukubona kwamehlo? 

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-cholesteatoma ingathinta umbono. Kungase kubangele ukulinganisa kwe-asymmetric yemizwa ye-optic, okungase kuholele ekulimaleni kwenkundla yokubuka nezinye izinkinga zamehlo. 

UDkt Minal Gupta

CARE Medical Team

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