Amakristalu ku-Urine

Wake waqaphela izinhlayiya ezincane ezintanta emchameni wakho? Lawa machashaza angaqondakali angase abe amakristalu emchameni, isenzakalo esivamile esingase sibonise izinkinga zempilo eziyisisekelo. Nakuba ngokuvamile kungenangozi, ukuqonda izimbangela nezinhlobo zalawa makristalu kunganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile enhlalakahleni yakho iyonke. Ukusuka kumakristalu e-uric emchameni kuye kwezinye izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, lezi zakhiwo ezincane zingavela ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene emzimbeni.

Sizohlola izici eziyingozi ezikhulisa amathuba okwakheka kwekristalu, sixoxe ngezinkinga ezingaba khona, futhi siveze izindlela zokuxilonga. 

Ayini amakristalu ku-Urine?

Amakristalu emchameni, owaziwa nangokuthi i-crystalluria, kwenzeka uma kunokugcwala ngokweqile kwamaminerali emchameni kanye noketshezi olunganele. Lawa makristalu angavamile emchameni angaqoqa futhi akhe uquqaba, olungase lubonakale ngesikhathi sokuhlaziya umchamo. 

Izinhlobo zamakristalu ku-Urine

Izinhlobo eziningana zamakristalu zingakheka emchameni, ngayinye inezici ezihlukile, njenge:

• Amakristalu e-calcium oxalate yiwona avame kakhulu, ahlanganisa kufika ku-80% wawo wonke itshe lezinso amacala. Lawa makristalu angavela ngenxa yokudla okuphezulu kwe-oxalate noma izimo ezithile zezokwelapha. 
• Amakristalu e-calcium phosphate amelela cishe u-10% kuya ku-20% wamatshe ezinso futhi angase abonise izimo ezibangela i-hypercalciuria noma ukwakheka komchamo we-alkaline. 
• Amakristalu e-struvite e-ammonium, i-magnesium, ne-calcium phosphate avame ukuhlotshaniswa nezifo zomgudu womchamo. 
• I-Uric acid amakristalu emchameni ngokuvamile akha ngaphansi kwezimo ezine-asidi futhi angaxhunyaniswa ne-gout noma ukudla ngokweqile kwamaprotheni. 
• Amakristalu e-cystine, avela njengamapuleti angama-hexagonal, awavamile. Zingase zenzeke kubantu abane-cystinuria, isifo sofuzo. 

Izimpawu zamakristalu kumchamo

Amakristalu emchameni angeke abangele izimpawu eziphawulekayo ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma emancane. Kodwa-ke, amakristalu amakhulu noma lawo akha amatshe angaholela ezimpawini ezihlukahlukene ezingakhululekile. Lokhu kubandakanya: 

• Izinhlungu ezibukhali ngaphansi kwesisu, ohlangothini, i-groin, noma iqolo
• Ukufisa ukuchama njalo
• Kunzima ukudlulisa umchamo
• Ukuzwa ukushisa ngesikhathi sokuchama
• Igazi emchameni 
• Kunamafu noma umchamo onuka kabi
• I-nausea nokuhlanza
• Kwezinye izimo, abantu bangase babe nomkhuhlane, ikakhulukazi uma amakristalu ebangele ukutheleleka. 

Izimbangela zamakristalu kumchamo

Amakristalu asesimweni somchamo lapho kunokugcwala ngokweqile kwamaminerali ohlelweni lomchamo. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokuthi: 

• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, okunciphisa uketshezi emchameni 
• Ukudla okunamaprotheni amaningi noma ukudla okuqukethe usawoti omningi nakho kungaba nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwekristalu. 
• Izinkinga ezithile ze-metabolic zithinta ibhalansi yamaminerali nezinto ezivimbela ukucwebezela. 
• Izinga le-acidity yomchamo lidlala indima ekuthuthukisweni kwekristalu, ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ezakha ezimweni ezine-asidi noma ezine-alkaline. 

Izingozi Zezingozi

Kunezici eziningana ezandisa amathuba okuthuthukisa amakristalu emchameni, njenge: 

• Imikhuba yokudla, njengamaprotheni amaningi noma ukusetshenziswa kukasawoti, inomthelela ekwakhekeni kwekristalu. 
• Izimo ezithile zezokwelapha, okuhlanganisa i-renal tubular acidosis kanye ne-hyperparathyroidism, ziphakamisa ingozi.
• Ukukhuluphala futhi ubukhulu bokhalo olukhulu buye baxhunyaniswa ethubeni elandisiwe lokuthuthukisa amakristalu omchamo.
• Eminye imithi, njengama-antacid asekelwe ku-calcium kanye nokwelashwa okuthile kwe-migraine, ingaholela ku-crystalluria. 
• Umlando womndeni ungesinye isici esibalulekile, njengoba abantu abanezihlobo eziye zaba nezinso bathambekele kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amakristalu e-uric emchameni. 
• Izifo zokugaya ukudla kanye nokuhlinzwa okuthinta ukumuncwa kwamaminerali kungakha amakristalu angavamile emchameni.

Izinkinga

Amatshe angalashwa angase abangele ukuvaleka kwe-ureter, kubangele ukulimala ezinso nesinye. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kungaholela ezifweni zezinso futhi ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract (UTIs). 

Kwezinye izimo, ukuba khona kwamakristalu kungase kubonise izinkinga eziyisisekelo ze-metabolic noma izimo zofuzo ezifana ne-cystinuria. 

Ukuxilongwa Kwamakristalu Emchameni

Ukuhlonza amakristalu emchameni ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuhlaziywa kwe-urinalysis. Lolu phenyo lubandakanya ukuhlinzeka ngesampula yomchamo, bese ihlolwa ukuze kutholwe umbala, amafu, nezinye izimpawu ezibonakalayo. Uchwepheshe waselabhu usebenzisa i-dipstick ukuze ahlolele izingxenye ezihlukahlukene futhi uhlola isampula ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze abone noma imaphi amakristalu akhona. 

Odokotela bangase batuse ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe okusekelwe kokutholakele, okufana nalokhu: 

• Umsebenzi wegazi ukuhlola ukusebenza kwesibindi kanye nemingcele ehlukahlukene
• Kungase kudingeke i-Ultrasound ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yesibindi uma kutholwa i-bilirubin. 
• Iqoqo lomchamo wamahora angu-24 ukuhlola imingcele efana nevolumu yomchamo, i-pH, namazinga amaminerali

Ukwelashwa Kwamakristalu Emchamweni

Indlela yokwelapha yamakristalu emchameni incike kumbangela kanye nohlobo lwamakristalu akhona, okuhlanganisa: 

• Ukukhipha amanzi: Ukwenyusa uketshezi olumumatha, ikakhulukazi amanzi, kuvame ukuba yisinyathelo sokuqala sokulawula icrystalluria nokuvimbela izinkinga. 
• Izinguquko Zokudla: Odokotela batusa ukuguqulwa kokudla okusekelwe kumvelo wamakristalu. Isibonelo, abantu abanamatshe e-calcium oxalate bangase badinge ukunciphisa ukudla okucebile nge-oxalate. 
• Imithi: Odokotela bazonikeza imithi yokuvimbela ukwakheka kwekristalu noma ukwelapha izimo ezingaphansi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise i-thiazide diuretics ye-hypercalciuria noma i-allopurinol ye-uric crystal emchamweni. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Nakuba amakristalu emchameni engadingi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, izimpawu ezithile zigunyaza ukuvakashelwa udokotela, njenge:

• Izinhlungu ezibukhali ngaphansi kwesisu, ohlangothini, i-groin, noma iqolo
• Igazi emchameni, ukuchama njalo, noma ubunzima bokuphuma komchamo 
• Kunamafu noma umchamo onuka kabi, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, noma imfiva

Prevention

Ukuze uvimbele amakristalu emchameni, umuntu angathatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kunciphisa umchamo
• Ukunciphisa ukudla kwe-sodium ukunciphisa ukunqwabelana kwe-calcium emchameni. 
• Ukudla okunothe nge-calcium, esikhundleni sezithako zokudla, kungabopha nama-oxalates ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, kuvimbele ukumuncwa kwawo. 
• Ukulinganisa ukudla kwamaprotheni nokugwema izithasiselo ze-vitamin C ngokweqile 
• Kulabo abajwayele ukuba ne-uric crystal emchamweni, banciphise ukudla okune-purine ephezulu njengenyama ebomvu negobolondo.
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo nokugcina isisindo esinempilo 

Isiphetho

Ukuphatha amakristalu emchameni kuya phansi ekugcineni impilo enempilo futhi uhlale uqaphile ngempilo yomchamo. Ukwandisa uketshezi, ukulungisa imikhuba yokudla, nokuhlola njalo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka kwekristalu nokubamba noma yiziphi izinkinga kusenesikhathi. Nakuba kungesona isizathu sokukhathazeka ngaso sonke isikhathi, ukuqonda okushiwo amakristalu emchameni kunikeza abantu amandla okwenza izinqumo ezingcono ngempilo yabo futhi bathathe izinyathelo ezifanele lapho kudingeka.

FAQ sika

1. Ingabe amakristalu emchameni asho isifo sikashukela?

Amakristalu emchameni awabonisi ngokuzenzakalelayo sikashukela. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangase babe ne-crystalluria kaningi. 

2. Yikuphi ukudla okubangela amakristalu emchameni?

Ukudla okune-oxalate ephezulu (isipinashi, amantongomane, noshokoledi) kungaba nomthelela ekwakhekeni kwekristalu ye-calcium oxalate. Ukudla amaprotheni okweqile, ikakhulukazi inyama ebomvu nokudla kwasolwandle, kungase kuholele ku-uric crystals emchamweni. Ukudla okunosawoti omningi kanye nalezo ezigcwele ama-purines nakho kungandisa ingozi yokwakheka kwekristalu. 

3. Ingabe umchamo ocwebile ujwayelekile?

Umchamo ocwebile we-crystal ngokuvamile ubhekwa njengovamile futhi ubonisa ukugeleza kahle kwamanzi. Kodwa-ke, umchamo ocacile ngokungaguquki ungase uphakamise ukugcwala ngokweqile kwamanzi. Okufanelekile, umchamo kufanele ube nombala ophuzi ophaphathekile. 

4. Indlela yokwelapha amakristalu emchameni?

Ukwelashwa kwamakristalu emchameni kuncike kumbangela ewumsuka. Ukwandisa uketshezi, ikakhulukazi amanzi, ngokuvamile kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokulawula i-crystalluria. Odokotela bangase batuse ukuguqulwa kokudla okusekelwe ohlotsheni lwamakristalu akhona. Ngezinye izikhathi imithi ingase inqunywe ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwekristalu noma ukwelapha izimo ezingaphansi. Ukuqapha njalo kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila kubalulekile ekulawuleni ngempumelelo amakristalu emchameni.

5. Ingabe amakristalu omchamo ayaphela?

Amakristalu omchamo ngokuvamile angakwazi ukuzixazulula ngokuzimela ngokushintshwa kwe-hydration efanele kanye nezinguquko zokudla. Kodwa-ke, i-crystalluria eqhubekayo ingase idinge ukungenelela kwezokwelapha. 

6. Ingabe amakristalu emchameni abuhlungu?

Amakristalu emchameni ngokwawo awavamile ukuba buhlungu. Nokho, uma zikhula zibe zinkulu futhi zakha amatshe, zingabangela ukungakhululeki. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganisa izinhlungu ezibukhali ngaphansi kwesisu, ohlangothini, i-groin, noma umhlane. 

7. Kungani kwakheka amakristalu omchamo?

Amakristalu omchamo akha lapho kunokugcwala ngokweqile kwamaminerali emchameni kanye noketshezi olwanele. Izinto ezinomthelela ekwakhekeni kwekristalu zihlanganisa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, imikhuba ethile yokudla, izinkinga ze-metabolic, eminye imithi, nezinga le-acidity yomchamo. 

UDkt. Arun Rathi

I-MBBS, i-MS, i-MCh (Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-genitourinary)
CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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