I-Dystonia

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kunjani ukulahlekelwa ukulawula ukunyakaza komzimba wakho? I-Dystonia, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, kubangela lokho kanye. Kuholela ekufinyezeni kwemisipha okungahleliwe kanye nokuma okungavamile, okuthinta izigidi emhlabeni wonke. Lesi simo singathinta kakhulu izinga lempilo yomuntu, senze imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe inselele futhi ngokuvamile ibe buhlungu. 

Ake sihlolisise i-dystonia, izimpawu zayo, nezinketho ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha i-dystonia ezitholakalayo. Sizohlola izimbangela ezingenzeka kanye nezici zobungozi ezibangela lesi sifo esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezinkinga ezingase zilethwe. 

Iyini i-Dystonia? 

I-Dystonia yisifo sokunyakaza kwezinzwa esithinta cishe i-1% yabantu. Kuhilela ukufinyela kwemisipha okungenakuzikhethela okubangela ukunyakaza okungavamile, ngezinye izikhathi okubuhlungu nokuma. Lokhu kufinyeza kungase kuqhubeke noma kube nezikhawu futhi kungase kuhlanganise ukusonteka, ukunyakaza okuphindaphindayo, noma ngisho nokuthuthumela. 

Lesi sifo singathinta izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, okuhlanganisa intamo, i-torso, izitho, amehlo, ubuso, kanye izintambo zezwi. Kwezinye izimo, i-dystonia ingase ihilele imisipha eyodwa noma iqembu lemisipha, kanti kwezinye, lingathinta izingxenye eziningi noma ngisho nomzimba wonke. Ubukhulu be-dystonia buyahlukahluka kakhulu, kusukela ezimpawini ezifika zidlule kuye emiphumeleni enzima, eqeda amandla ethinta kakhulu izinga lempilo yomuntu. 

Izimpawu ze-Dystonia 

Ubunzima bezimpawu buyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi bungaba nomthelela eqophelweni lempilo yomuntu. 

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-dystonia zihlanganisa: 

• Ukuqina kwemisipha okungalawuleki kanye namajaqamba avame ukuba mabi kakhulu ngokunyakaza noma ingcindezi. 
• Izingxenye zomzimba ezisonteka zibe izindawo ezingavamile, njengokudonselwa kwentamo eceleni noma izinyawo ziphendukela ngaphakathi.
• Ukuqhaqhazela noma ukuthuthumela 
• Ukucwayiza okwedlulele 
• Ukuma okungajwayelekile, okungajwayelekile 

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-dystonia ayibangeli ubuthakathaka bemisipha. Abanye abantu bangaphazamisa okwesikhashana ukunyakaza noma ukuma kwe-dystonic ngokwenza isenzo esithile, esaziwa ngokuthi 'iqhinga lezinzwa'. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthinta isilevu kungase kwehlise i-dystonia yomlomo wesibeletho okwesikhashana. 

Izinkinga ze-Dystonia 

I-Dystonia ivela ngenxa yokuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kobuchopho, ikakhulukazi ku-basal ganglia, ehlanganisa ukunyakaza. Izimbangela ze-dystonia zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko: 

• I-dystonia eyinhloko ivame ukuba yi-idiopathic, okusho ukuthi yenzeka ngezizathu ezingaziwa. Izici zofuzo zidlala indima, ngezakhi zofuzo eziningana ezixhumene nalesi simo. 
• I-dystonia yesibili ingase ibangelwe ukulimala kobuchopho obuhlobene nemvelo noma obuhlobene nesifo noma isistimu yezinzwa emaphakathi. Izifo ezibangela i-dystonia zihlanganisa izimila zobuchopho, unhlangothi, ukukhubazeka kobuchopho, izifo ezifana ne-encephalitis, nokuchayeka emithini ethile noma ubuthi. 
• Dystonia plus' izimo ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa lapho i-dystonia iwuphawu oluyinhloko eceleni kwezinye izinkinga zezinzwa. Lokhu kungafaka izimo ezifana ne-dopa-responsive dystonia kanye ne- rapid-start dystonia-parkinsonism. 

Izingozi Zezingozi 

Izici eziyingozi ze-dystonia aziqondi ngokugcwele kodwa zingabandakanya: 

• Umlando womndeni walesi simo . 
• Ukuguqulwa okuthile kofuzo 
• Ukuchayeka kuzici ezithile zemvelo 

Izinkinga zeDystonia 

• I-Dystonia ingaholela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkinga ezithinta kokubili inhlalakahle ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. 
• I-Dystonia ingabangela i-hypertrophy nobuhlungu emisipha ethintekile. 
• Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-dystonia ingabangela ukukhubazeka kwamathambo unomphela, izinkontileka, nokungasebenzi kahle. 
• Ukunyakaza okungalawuleki kungaphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokuhamba, ukudla nokugqoka. 
• Izinkinga zokubona, ikakhulukazi ezithinta amajwabu amehlo. 
• Ubunzima bokunyakaza kwemihlathi, ukugwinya, noma ukukhuluma 
• Ukunyakaza okungalawuleki kungase kubangele ukukhathala. 
• I-Dystonia ingase ithinte ikhono lomuntu lokusebenza noma ukushayela, inciphise ukuzimela kwabo kanye nokuxhumana komphakathi. 
• Ngokomzwelo, ukuphila ne-dystonia kungaba yinselele, okungase kuholele ekuhoxisweni emicimbini yomphakathi. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa, kuhlangene nezinselele zomzimba, kungabangela ukucindezeleka futhi ukukhathazeka. 

Sifo 

Ukuxilongwa kwe-dystonia kungaba inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, evame ukudinga ubuchwepheshe be-neurologist onguchwepheshe bezinkinga zokunyakaza.

• Umlando Wezokwelapha: Udokotela wezinzwa uzobuza ngezimpawu zakho, noma yiziphi ezinye izimo ongase ube nazo, kanye nomlando womndeni wakho. Bazobuza mayelana nezici ezidala izimpawu. 
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzwa: Odokotela bazohlola umzimba kanye nezinzwa ukuze bahlole ithoni yemisipha, ukusebenzisana, ingqondo, kanye nephethini yokufinyela kwemisipha. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokuhlaziywa komchamo: Odokotela bangase benze uphenyo lwegazi noma lomchamo ukuze bahlole noma yiziphi izinkinga ezicashile ezingase zibe nomthelela ku-dystonia. 
• Izikena zobuchopho: Lokhu kungasiza ekulawuleni ukungahambi kahle kobuchopho besakhiwo, amathumba, ukushaywa unhlangothi, noma ezinye izimbangela ze-dystonia. 
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Odokotela bangase batuse ukuhlolwa kofuzo, ikakhulukazi uma kunomlando womndeni we-dystonia. 

Ukwelashwa kwe-Dystonia 

Ukwelashwa kwe-dystonia kuhloswe ukuphatha izimpawu nokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo. Nakuba lingekho ikhambi, kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezitholakalayo ukusiza ukulawula ukugoqa kwemisipha nokunciphisa ubuhlungu. 

• Imithi: Odokotela bangase banikeze izidakamizwa ezandisa amazinga e-dopamine, vimba i-acetylcholine, noma ezikhuphula amazinga e-GABA. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ze-dystonia zingasiza ukuphumula imisipha futhi kunciphise ukunyakaza okuzenzakalelayo. 
• Imijovo ye-Botulinum Toxin: Le mijovo iphumelela kakhulu ku-focal dystonias, njenge-blepharospasm noma i-cervical dystonia. Umjovo unikezwa ngokuqondile emisipha ethintekile, uyenze buthaka futhi unciphise ama-spasms. 
• Ukwelashwa Komzimba Nokusebenza: Lezi zindlela zokwelapha ze-dystonia zithuthukisa ukulawulwa kwemisipha, ukunciphisa ubuhlungu, nokwandisa ububanzi bokunyakaza. Ukuzivocavoca kungase kuhlanganise ukwelula, ukuqinisa, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kokulinganisela. 
• Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo: Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kungase kudingeke kwezinye iziguli uma i-dystonia ithinta izwi lazo. 
• Ukuhlinzwa: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingaphumelelanga, odokotela basikisela izindlela zokuhlinza. I-Deep brain stimulation (DBS) yinqubo lapho ama-electrode efakwa khona ezingxenyeni ezithile zobuchopho ukusiza ukulawula ukufinyela kwemisipha. Nge-dystonia yomlomo wesibeletho, ukuhlinzwa okukhethiwe kokuhlinzwa kungase kube inketho. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela 

• Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungase ube ne-dystonia, kungcono ukuthi uhlole izimpawu, nakuba isimo singavamile.
• Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma izimpawu zakho zishintsha noma ziba zimbi kakhulu, ziphazamise impilo yakho kanye nesimiso. 
• Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma imithi noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ziyeka ukusebenza ngempumelelo noma ziholela emiphumeleni engemihle okunzima ukuyilawula. 

Prevention 

Nakuba ungeke ukwazi ukuvimbela i-dystonia eyinhloko, ezuzwa njengefa noma ekhula ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, unganciphisa amathuba akho e-dystonia yesibili ngokusebenzisa ukukhetha okuthile kwendlela yokuphila kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise: 

• Gcina i Ukudla okunazo zonke & nesisindo esinempilo. Ungenayo i-caffeine notshwala, njengoba lokhu kungenza izimpawu ze-dystonia zibe zimbi nakakhulu. 
• Izimo eziningi ezihlobene nempilo yenhliziyo nempilo yokujikeleza kwegazi, ikakhulukazi unhlangothi, zingalimaza izindawo zobuchopho, okungase kuholele ku-dystonia. Ngokuvimbela noma ukunciphisa ubunzima balezi zimo, ungathinta kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-dystonia. 
• Ungazinaki izifo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezithinta amehlo nezindlebe. Lezi zifo zidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha njengoba zingasakazekela ebuchosheni, kubangele ukuvuvukala (encephalitis) okungase kubangele i-dystonia. 
• Ukugqoka izinto zokuphepha kubalulekile ekwehliseni ingozi yokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu, okungalimaza ubuchopho bakho futhi kubangele i-dystonia. 
• Ukuphatha izimo zempilo ezingapheli nakho kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni i-dystonia. Izimo ezifana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, nesifo sokuwa zingaba nomthelela kwezinye izimo eziholela ku-dystonia. 

Isiphetho 

I-Dystonia yisimo esiyinselele esithinta izigidi emhlabeni wonke, okubangela ukugoqeka kwemisipha okungahleliwe kanye nokuma okungavamile. Yize lingekho ikhambi, izindlela zokwelashwa ezahlukahlukene ziyatholakala ukuze kulawuleke izimpawu nokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo. Labo abanezimpawu ze-dystonia kufanele bafune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuze bathole ukuxilongwa okufanele nokunakekelwa. Ukuphila ne-dystonia kungaba nzima, kodwa ngokusekelwa okufanele kanye namasu okuphatha, abantu abaningi baphila ukuphila okwanelisayo. Ngokuhlala unolwazi nokusebenzisana eduze nodokotela, abantu abane-dystonia bangathola izindlela zokubhekana nezimpawu zabo futhi balondoloze izinga labo lokuphila. 

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa 

1. Ingabe i-dystonia iyingozi? 

I-Dystonia ingahluka ukusuka komnene kuye kokuqina, ithinte izinga lokuphila lomuntu kuya kumazinga ahlukahlukene. Nakuba ngokuvamile kungekona ukusongela ukuphila, i-dystonia ingabangela ukungakhululeki nokukhubazeka okukhulu. Ukungathí sina kuncike ohlotsheni kanye nezinga lezimpawu, kusukela ekufinyezweni kwezicubu ezincane kuya ekunyakazeni okuthena amandla okuthinta imisebenzi yansuku zonke. 

2. I-dystonia ithinta bani? 

I-Dystonia ingathinta abantu banoma iyiphi iminyaka, ubulili, uhlanga, noma isizinda sobuhlanga. Nokho, ezinye izinhlobo zivame kakhulu emaqenjini athile. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo ze-dystonia zivame ukukhula ebuntwaneni, kanti ezinye zivame ukuvela ebudaleni. Abesifazane basemathubeni amancane okuthi bathinteke kunabesilisa. 

3. Sivame kangakanani lesi simo? 

I-Dystonia iyisifo sesithathu esivame kakhulu sokunyakaza (ukundindizela okubalulekile nesifo sika-Parkinson sithatha izindawo ezimbili zokuqala). Kulinganiselwa ukuthi i-dystonia ithinta cishe i-1% yabantu. Kodwa-ke, ukusabalala kweqiniso kungase kuphakame ngenxa yokungaxilongwa kahle kanye nokungaxilonga kahle. 

4. I-dystonia iwuthinta kanjani umzimba wami? 

I-Dystonia ibangela ukufinyela kwemisipha okungahleliwe, okuholela ekunyakazeni okungavamile nokuma komzimba. Lokhu kungathinta izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, kuhlanganise intamo, izitho, umzimba, amehlo, nezintambo zezwi. Izimpawu zingabandakanya ukunyakazisa kwemisipha, ukundindizela, nobunzima ngemisebenzi ethile efana nokubhala noma ukukhuluma. Imiphumela ingaba buhlungu futhi ingase iphazamise imisebenzi yansuku zonke. 

5. I-dystonia iqala iminyaka emingaki? 

I-dystonia ingabonakala kunoma yiliphi iqembu leminyaka, kuye ngokuthi imbangela eyinhloko. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-dystonia ziqala ebuntwaneni (i-dystonia eqala ekuqaleni), kanti ezinye zivame ukukhula lapho abantu abadala (i-dystonia eqala abantu abadala). 

6. Yikuphi ukuntula okubangela i-dystonia? 

Nakuba ukuntuleka ngokuvamile kungabangeli i-dystonia, ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin E kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nefomu elingavamile elibizwa ngokuthi i-ataxia enokuntuleka kwe-vitamin E (AVED). Lesi simo singabangela izimpawu ezifana ne-dystonia, okuhlanganisa ukufinyela kwemisipha okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuma okungavamile. Kodwa-ke, izimo eziningi ze-dystonia azihlobene nokushoda kokudla okunomsoco. 

7. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-dystonia ne-dyskinesia? 

Kokubili i-dystonia ne-dyskinesia yizinkinga zokunyakaza, kodwa ziyehluka ngezici zazo. I-Dystonia ihilela ukufinyela kwemisipha okuqhubekayo okubangela ukusonteka noma ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokuma okungavamile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-dyskinesia ibhekisela ekunyakazeni okungahleliwe, ngokuvamile okuwuketshezi noma okunyakazayo. I-Dyskinesia iwumphumela ohlangothini ovamile wokwelashwa kwesifo sikaParkinson isikhathi eside, kuyilapho i-dystonia ingenzeka ngokuzimela noma njengengxenye yezimo ezihlukahlukene zemizwa. 

8. Yikuphi ukudla okufanele ukugweme uma une-dystonia?

Nakuba kungekho ukudla okuqondile kwe-dystonia, abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukudla okuthile noma izinto zingalimaza izimpawu zabo. Lokhu kufaka i-caffeine, utshwala, ushukela oweqile kanye nemikhiqizo elula enothe ngama-carbohydrate. Nokho, imiphumela yokudla ingahluka phakathi kwabantu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukubonana nodokotela ukuze uthole iseluleko esiqondene nawe.

CARE Medical Team

4