Ukuphazamiseka Kwemikhuba Yokudla 

Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani abanye abantu benenkinga ngobudlelwano babo nokudla? Ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla kuyinqwaba yezinkinga ezihlobene nakho Impilo yengqondo ezithinta izigidi emhlabeni wonke. Lezi zifo zingathinta kabi inhlalakahle yomuntu engokomzimba nengokomzwelo, ngokuvamile zibangele ukucindezeleka futhi ziphazamise ukuphila kwansuku zonke. Ukuqonda iziyaluyalu zokudla kubalulekile ukuze zisheshe zibonakale futhi zelashwe ngempumelelo. 

Le bhulogi ihlose ukudalula izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinga zokudla, izimpawu zazo, kanye nezimbangela ezingase zibe khona. 

Kuyini I-Eating Disorder? 

Ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla kungase kuthiwe yizinkinga ezinkulu zempilo yengqondo ezithinta kabi ubuhlobo bomuntu nokudla, isisindo, nokubukeka. Lezi zinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zithinta kokubili inhlalakahle engokomzwelo nangokwenyama, ngokuvamile okuholela emicabangweni ecindezelayo kanye nokuphazamiseka okuphikelelayo ekuziphatheni kokudla.

Zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni komuntu ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, nangokomphakathi. 

Izinhlobo Zezinkinga Zokudla 

Ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla kuhilela ukugxila ngokweqile ekudleni, ekudleni, kanye nesisindo esiningi. Lezi zimo zingathinta kakhulu umuntu impilo yomzimba nengqondo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa: 

1. I-Anorexia Nervosa: Iphawuleka ngokuncishwa amakhalori aqinile, ukwesaba okukhulu ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, kanye nesithombe somzimba esihlanekezelwe. Inezinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi: 

• Uhlobo lokukhawulela: Ukwehla kwesisindo ngokudla ukudla, ukuzila ukudla, noma ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile. 
• Uhlobo lokuzitika nokuhlanza: Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukudla okuncane kakhulu noma ukuzitika, okulandelwa ukuhlanzwa. 

2. I-Bulimia Nervosa: Ihilela izikhathi zokudla kakhulu okulandelwa ukuziphatha okunxephezela njengokuhlanza, ukuzila ukudla, noma ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile. 

3. I-Binge Eating Disorder (BED): Ibonakala ngokudla inani elikhulu lokudla ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ngokuyimfihlo, okuhambisana nemizwa yokucindezeleka noma amahloni. 

4. I-Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID): Ibonakala ngokuncipha kwesithakazelo ekudleni noma ekugwemeni ukudla okuthile, okuholela ekuswelekeni kokudla okunomsoco. 

5. I-Pica: Ukudla okuphikelelayo kwezinto ezingezona ukudla njengeqhwa, ukungcola, noma iphepha. 

6. I-Rumination Disorder: Kuhilela ukuphindaphinda ukudla, ukuphinde ukuhlafune, futhi ukugwinye kabusha noma ukukukhafula. 

Izimpawu Zokuphazamiseka Kwemikhuba yokudla 

Ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla kubonakala ngezimpawu ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngesimo esithile. 

• I-Anorexia nervosa ngokuvamile ihilela ukudla okunekhalori okukhawulelwe kakhulu kanye nokwesaba okukhulu ukukhuluphala. Abantu abane-anorexia bangase babonise ukwehla kwesisindo esimangalisayo, bagqoke izingubo ezixegayo ukuze bafihle imizimba yabo, futhi babale ama-calories ngokweqile. Bangase futhi bakugweme ukudla phambi kwabanye futhi bazivocavoce ngokweqile. 
• Umuntu one-bulimia nervosa ubonisa izigaba zokuzitika ezilandelwa ukuziphatha kokuhlanza. Izimpawu zihlanganisa uhambo oluningi oluya ezindlini zangasese ngemva kokudla, ubufakazi bokuthi oluhlanzayo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-laxatives noma ama-diuretics. 
• Abantu abane-bulimia bangase futhi babonise amaqupha anezibazi ngenxa yokuhlanza futhi bakhononde ngokuthi "bakhuluphele" naphezu kwesisindo esivamile. 
• Abantu abanokuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla babika ukuthi badla ukudla okuningi ngokushesha, ngokuvamile ngasese. Bangase baqongelele ukudla, badle lapho bengalambile, futhi bazizwe becindezelekile noma benamahloni ngemikhuba yabo yokudla. Bangase beqe ukudla noma bagweme ukudla phambi kwabanye. 

Izimbangela Zokuphazamiseka Kwemikhuba yokudla 

Umuntu akakwazi ukukhomba izizathu eziqondile zokuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla, kodwa ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinto kunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwazo. Lezi zimo zivela ekuhlanganisweni kwemithelela yofuzo, yezinto eziphilayo, ezemvelo, nezenhlalo. 

Abanye abantu bangase babe nezakhi zofuzo ezibenza bathambekele ekuthuthukiseni lezi 
izimo. 

• Izici zezinto eziphilayo, njenganoma yiluphi ushintsho kumakhemikhali obuchopho, zingase zibe nomthelela ekuqalekeni kokuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla. Lezi zinguquko zingathinta imizwa, isifiso sokudla, nokuziphatha, okungase kuholele emaphethini okudla angahlelekile. 
• Abanye abantu bangase basebenzise izinyathelo ezeqisayo ukuze banciphise ukudla noma bagweme amaqembu athile okudla lapho benomuzwa wokuthi ezinye izici zempilo yabo zinzima ukuzilawula. 

Ukuxilongwa Kwenkinga Yokudla 

Odokotela baxilonga ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yomzimba nengqondo 
izilinganiso. 

• Phakathi nokuhlolwa komzimba, odokotela bahlola izimpawu ezibalulekile, kuhlanganise nomfutho wegazi, izinga lokuphefumula, nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Uphenyo lwaselebhu, njengenani legazi eliphelele nesibindi, izinso, kanye ukuhlolwa komsebenzi we-thyroid, usizo lokuhlola impilo iyonke. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo okwenziwa uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo kubalulekile. Babuza imibuzo mayelana nemikhuba yokudla, isimo sengqondo ngokudla, kanye nombono womzimba. Nakuba le mibuzo ingaba ngeyomuntu siqu, izimpendulo ezithembekile zivame ukusiza ekuxilongweni okunembile nasekulungiseni izinhlelo zokwelashwa ezisebenzayo. 
• Ukuze bathole ukuxilongwa, abantu kufanele bahlangabezane nemibandela yohlobo oluthile lokuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla. 

Ukwelashwa Kwenkinga Yokudla 

Ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla kuhilela indlela ebanzi eklanyelwe izidingo ezithile zomuntu. Ithimba lochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo, izazi zezokudla ezibhalisiwe, nochwepheshe bezokwelapha basebenza ndawonye ukuze babhekane nezici zomzimba, zengqondo nezomsoco zesimo. 

• I-Psychotherapy idlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kokudla. Ukwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe kokuziphatha komqondo (CBT-e) kufakazele ukuthi kusebenza ngempumelelo ku-bulimia nervosa kanye nokuphazamiseka kokudla kakhulu, kusiza iziguli ukuthi zibone futhi ziguqule imicabango esontekile ehlobene nemikhuba yazo yokudla. Ukwelapha ukuphazamiseka kokudla okusekelwe emndenini kungaba yinzuzo entsheni, okubandakanya abazali enqubweni yokululama. 
• Imfundo yezokudla ibalulekile, igxile ekusunguleni amaphethini okudla okunempilo kanye nokulungisa ukuntula ukudla okunomsoco. 
• Ngezinye izikhathi, imithi ingase inikezwe, ikakhulukazi ama-antidepressants, ezinkingeni ezihilela ukuzitika ngokuziphatha. 
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukwelashwa kweziguli ezilaliswa esibhedlela noma izinhlelo zansuku zonke zingadingeka ukuze kuzinze izimo zezokwelapha futhi kunikeze ukwesekwa okujulile. 

Izingozi Zokugula Kwesifo 

Kunezici eziningana ezingase zikhulise ukuthambekela komuntu enkingeni yokudla, njenge: 

• I-Genetics: Abantu abanezihlobo eziseduze abanokuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla basengozini enkulu. 
• I-Perfectionism: Ukuphelela kokuzicabangela ngokwakho kuhlotshaniswa nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkinga zokudla. 
• Izici zemvelo: Okuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlukumezeka, ubuxhwanguxhwangu, noma ukugconwa ngesisindo kungabangela imikhuba yokudla engahlelekile. 
• Ubudala: Ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla kuvame kakhulu entsheni nasekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi amabili. Ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini egcizelela ukubukeka, njengokumodela noma imidlalo ethile, nakho kungandisa ingozi. 

Izinkinga Zezinkinga Zokudla 

Ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla okuhlala isikhathi eside kungalimaza ukuphila komuntu, kuthinte impilo yakhe engokomzimba, inhlalakahle engokomzwelo, umsebenzi, nobudlelwano. 

• I-anorexia nervosa ingabangela ukuncipha kwamathambo, ukuwohloka kwemisipha, nokulimala ekwakhekeni nasekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo. Kungase kubangele umfutho wegazi ophansi, ukuphefumula kancane kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa lomzimba wangaphakathi. Abantu abane-anorexia bavame ukuba nokukhathala nokungabi nabantwana. 
• I-bulimia nervosa ingaholela emphinjeni ovuvukele okungapheli, uqweqwe lwamazinyo olugugile, nezinkinga zesisu. Ukuphelelwa amanzi kakhulu kwamanzi kanye nokungalingani kwe-electrolyte ekuziphatheni kokuhlanza kungabangela isifo sohlangothi noma isifo senhliziyo. 
• Ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla ngokweqile kuvame ukuphumela ezindabeni zezempilo ezihlobene nokukhuluphala kanye nengozi eyandayo yokuphazamiseka kwempilo yengqondo okwenzeka kanyekanye. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela 

Ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu lapho ubhekana nokuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla. Abantu ngabanye kufanele bathinte udokotela uma ubuhlobo babo nokudla bubangela ukucindezeleka noma buphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kuyadingeka ukuze uthole izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokudla njenge ubuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, isiyezi, ukuquleka, umphimbo obuhlungu kakhulu, i-acid reflux, inkulumo engaboni kahle, noma ukungaboni kahle. 

Prevention 

Nakuba ingekho indlela eqinisekisiwe yokuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla, abantu ngabanye bangathatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa imikhuba yokudla enempilo futhi banciphise ingozi. 
. 
Ukukhetha ukudla okugcwele okusanhlamvu, izithelo, nemifino kuyilapho unciphisa usawoti, ushukela, utshwala namafutha angenampilo kubalulekile. 

• Kubalulekile ukugwema ukuzincisha ukudla ngokweqile futhi esikhundleni salokho thintana nesazi sokudla ukuze uthole uhlelo lomuntu siqu lokulawula isisindo uma kudingeka. 
• Ukuzibandakanya okungenani imizuzu engu-150 yomsebenzi we-aerobic masonto onke, njengokuhamba ngokushesha, kungakhuthaza impilo yonke. 
• Ukuthatha usizo lochwepheshe ngezinkinga zempilo yengqondo, okuhlanganisa ukudangala, ukukhathazeka, noma izinkinga zokuzihlonipha, kubalulekile ngokufanayo. 
• Abazali bangasiza izingane zabo ukuba zithuthukise indlela yokudla enempilo ngoku: 
• Ukugwema ukuzincisha ukudla eduze kwezingane 
• Ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile ngezingozi zokudla okungenampilo 
• Ukukhuthaza isithombe esihle somzimba, kungakhathaliseki umumo noma usayizi 
• Ukufuna usizo kodokotela ukuze babone izimpawu zokuqala zokuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla 
• Ukukhuthaza umphakathi onempilo, abantu ngabanye bangakwazi: 
• Khuluma ngokumelene "nokuhle okuncane" nomthelela wako ongemuhle 
• Yibani yizibonelo ezinhle ngokuphila impilo ehlelekile 
• Yazi ukuthi impilo iza ngayo yonke imikhakha nosayizi  
• Gwema ukuzibandakanya "enkulumweni ekhuluphele" futhi uphonsele inselelo ukuvezwa kwabezindaba kobuhle 
• Thuthukisa ukuzethemba ngokusekelwe kuzimfanelo ngaphandle kokubukeka ngokomzimba 

Isiphetho 

Ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla akusona isimo esisodwa kodwa yiqoqo lezinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezingaba nomthelela empilweni yomuntu engokomzimba nengokomzwelo. Ziyelapheka, futhi ukungenelela kusenesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekululameni. Singakha indawo esekela ngokwengeziwe ngokuthuthukisa isithombe esihle somzimba, inselele izindinganiso zobuhle bomphakathi, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuzethemba okusekelwe ezimfanelweni ezingaphezu kokubukeka komzimba. 

FAQ sika 

1. Zivame kangakanani ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla? 

Ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla kuthinta ingxenye enkulu yabantu. E-India, ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla kuthinta kufika ku-2-3% wabantu. 

2. Ingabe ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla kuyinto embi? 

Ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla kungabhekwa njengezimo zempilo ezingathi sína ezithinta kokubili inhlalakahle engokomzimba nengokwengqondo. Lezi zimo zingalimaza inhliziyo, isimiso sokugaya ukudla, amathambo, amazinyo nomlomo. Zibuye zihlotshaniswe nokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukuzilimaza kanye nemicabango yokuzibulala. 

3. Kungani kuvela ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla? 

Imbangela eqondile yokuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla ayaziwa. Zivela ekusebenzisaneni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinto, okuhlanganisa: 

• I-Genetics: Ucwaningo lomndeni namawele luveza ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla kuyenzeka emindenini. 
• I-Biology: Izinguquko kumakhemikhali obuchopho zingadlala indima. 
• Imvelo: Izingcindezi ezifana nokugula, ukuhlukumezeka, noma ukulahlekelwa kungabangela ukuqala. 
• Izici Zomphakathi: Imibono yamasiko nenhlalo, ikakhulukazi mayelana nesimo somzimba, inomthelela ekwakhiweni kwalezi zinkinga. 

4. Sikulungisa kanjani ukuphazamiseka kwemikhuba yokudla? 

Ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zokudla kuncike ohlotsheni nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye. Indlela ebanzi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa: 

• Ukwelashwa kwengqondo okuthuthukisiwe (CBT-e) 
• Ukwelulekwa ngokudla okunempilo 
• antidepressant 
• Ukubandakanya abazali enqubweni yokutakula.

CARE Medical Team