I-Eye Stroke

Wake wezwa ngokushaywa kweso? Lesi simo esimangalisayo sithinta izinkulungwane minyaka yonke, sibangele izinkinga zokubona kungazelelwe kanye nomonakalo ongase ube khona isikhathi eside emehlweni. Ukushaywa kwamehlo kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi esweni kuphazamiseka, okuholela ezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu ezingase zethuse futhi zidideke. Ukuqonda izimpawu zokuqala ze-eye stroke kanye nezimbangela kubalulekile ekungeneleleni okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa. 

Lesi sihloko sihlola umhlaba wokushaywa kwamehlo, sikhanyisela izinhlobo zawo, izimpawu, nezizathu zokushaywa kweso. 

Yini I-Eye Stroke? 

I-Eye stroke, ngokwezokwelapha eyaziwa ngokuthi i-retinal artery occlusion, iqala lapho ukugeleza kwegazi ku-retina kuvinjiwe. Lokhu kuvaleka kuvame ukubangelwa a ihluli noma ukuncipha kwemithambo yegazi yeso. I-retina, isicubu esibalulekile esingemuva kweso, sithembele egazini elinomoya-mpilo ukuze lisebenze ngendlela efanele futhi lithumele izimpawu ezibonakalayo ebuchosheni. Uma lokhu kunikezwa kwegazi kuphazamiseka, kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kombono okusheshayo nokubi esweni elithintekile. 

Izinhlobo Zemivimbo Yamehlo 

Ukushaywa kwamehlo kungahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana ngokusekelwe endaweni yokuvinjelwa. 

• I-Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO): I-CRAO iwuhlobo lwe-eye stroke oluvame kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umthambo oyinhloko onikeza igazi ku-retina uvaleka futhi ubangele ukulahlekelwa ukubona okungazelelwe nokubi esweni elithintekile. 
• I-Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO): Lolu hlobo lukhula lapho umthambo omncane osesweni uvaleka, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kokubona ngokwengxenye. 
• I-Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO): Lokhu kushaywa kweso kuthinta imithambo kunemithambo. Ingabuye ihlukaniswe ibe: 
  • I-Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) 
  • I-Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) 

Lezi zimo zingaholela ezinkingeni ezifana ne-macular edema kanye ne-retinal ischemia, engase ibangele izinkinga zombono zesikhathi eside. 

Izimpawu Zokushaywa Kweso 

Izimpawu ze-eye stroke zingakhula kancane kancane noma ngokuzumayo, zithinte iso elilodwa. Ubunzima buncike endaweni kanye nezinga lokuvinjwa. Okulandelayo yizimpawu ezivamile kanye nezimpawu ze-eye stroke: 

• Izintanta zamehlo zivela njengamachashaza amancane ampunga embonweni wakho 
• Umbono ophundlekile lokho kungase kube kubi ohlangothini olulodwa noma kuyo yonke inkundla yokubuka 
• Ukulahleka kombono kungaba kusuka kokucashile kuye kokuqina, okwenzeka kancane kancane noma kungazelelwe. 
• Kwezinye izimo, ikakhulukazi nge-Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO), abantu bangase babe nengcindezi noma baphatheke kabi esweni elithintekile. I-retina ingase ibonakale ibomvu noma ibe namachashaza egazi. 
• I-Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) ngokuvamile ibangela ukulahlekelwa umbono omaphakathi ingxenye noma ephelele, okufana nekhethini elimnyama elehlela phezu kweso. 

Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa umbono unomphela. 

Izimbangela Zokushaywa Kweso 

Ukushaywa kwamehlo kwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi kwe-retina kuphazamiseka. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kuvame ukuvela ngenxa yehlule legazi noma amafutha avimba imithambo ye-retina. I-Atherossteosis, ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi, kwandisa ingozi yokuvinjwa okunjalo. Amahlule angase aqale kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, njengenhliziyo noma umthambo we-carotid, futhi ahambe aye esweni. Phezulu ukushaya kwegazi, sikashukela, Futhi i-cholesterol ephezulu yizici ezibalulekile eziyingozi ezibangela ukushaywa kwamehlo. Ngezinye izikhathi, imbangela yangempela ihlala ingacacile, kodwa lezi zinkinga zezempilo eziyisisekelo zingadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni lesi simo esibucayi samehlo. 

Izingozi Zezingozi 

Ziningana izici ezandisa amathuba okuthola isifo sohlangothi, njenge: 

• Iminyaka yobudala idlala indima enkulu, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 abasengozini enkulu. 
• Amadoda asengozini kakhulu kunabesifazane. 
• Izimo zezempilo ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol ephezulu nesifo sikashukela zifaka isandla kakhulu engozini. 
• Umlando wezinkinga zenhliziyo, kuhlanganise nokwangaphambilini kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma isifo senhliziyo, siphakamisa amathuba okushaya iso. 
• Umlando womuntu siqu noma womndeni we-stroke noma i-glaucoma wandisa ubungozi. 
• Izici zendlela yokuphila njengokubhema nokuntuleka kokuzivocavoca umzimba nazo zinomthelela. 

Izinkinga 

Uma kushiywe kungalashwa, ukushaywa kwamehlo kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima, njenge: 

• I-macular edema, noma ukuvuvukala kwe-macula, kungabangela ukungaboni kahle noma ukulahlekelwa ukubona. 
• I-Neovascularization, ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi engavamile ku-retina, kungabangela ukuntanta futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-retina. 
• I-glaucoma ye-neovascular, ukwanda okubuhlungu kokucindezela kwamehlo, kungase kuthuthuke. 
• Inkinga enzima kakhulu ubumpumputhe, obungenzeka ngaphandle kosizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. 

Ukuxilongwa Kwe-Eye Stroke 

Ukuxilongwa kwe-eye stroke kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kwe-imaging. 

• Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo: Udokotela wamehlo uzosebenzisa i-ophthalmoscope, isibani esinqunyiwe noma i-fundoscopy ukuhlola izakhiwo zamehlo, ukuvinjelwa kokujikeleza kwegazi, noma ukulimala kwe-retina. 
• I-Fluorescein Angiography: Lokhu ukuhlolwa okubalulekile kokuxilonga okusebenzisa udayi okhethekile ojovwe engalweni ukuze kuthwebule izithombe ezinemininingwane yokugeleza kwegazi kwi-retina. 
• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): I-OCT idala izithombe ze-retina ezihlukene, iveze ukuvuvukala noma ukulimala. 
• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Odokotela bangase benze uphenyo lwegazi oluhlukahlukene ukuze bahlole izimo ezingaphansi ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma i-cholesterol ephezulu. Lezi zinqubo zokuxilonga zisiza ukukhomba uhlobo kanye nezinga lokushaywa kweso, okuvumela ukwelashwa okusheshayo ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa ukubona. 

Ukwelashwa Kwesifo Sohlangothi 

Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kubalulekile ekushayweni kwamehlo ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala kwe-retina. 

• Ukubuyiselwa Kokugeleza Kwegazi: Odokotela bangasebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuze babuyisele ukugeleza kwegazi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubhucungwa kwamehlo, lapho ijwabu leso licindezelwa kahle ukuze likhiphe amahlule. Iziguli zingase zihogele ingxube ye-carbon dioxide-oxygen ukuze kwandiswe imithambo yegazi futhi kuqinise ukugeleza kwegazi. 
• I-Paracentesis: Odokotela bangasebenzisa le nqubo ukunciphisa umfutho wamehlo. 
• Imithi: Odokotela bangase banikeze imithi, njengezidakamizwa ezinciphisa amahlule noma leyo esetshenziselwa i-glaucoma, ukwelapha izimo ezingaphansi. 
• I-Oxygen Therapy: Kwezinye izimo, i-hyperbaric oxygen therapy ibonise isithembiso. Ukusebenza kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha kuvame ukuncika ekutheni zisheshe ziqalwe kanjani ngemva kokuqala kwezimpawu. 
• Ukunakekelwa kokulandelela isikhathi eside kubalulekile ukuze ulawule izimo zempilo ezicashile futhi uvimbele ukushaywa kwamehlo esikhathini esizayo. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela 

Ukuya esibhedlela ngokushesha kubalulekile uma ulahlekelwa umbono kungazelelwe kwelinye iso, ngisho noma kungokwesikhashana. Lokhu kungase kubonise ukushaywa kweso, okudinga ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo ukuze kube nemiphumela engcono kakhulu. 

Ezinye izimpawu ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha zihlanganisa: 

• Umbono kabili- ukuzwa kwekhethini lidwetshwa phezu kombono wakho 
• Ukubonakala kwamabala angaboni noma ama-halo azungeze izibani. 
• Iso elibomvu nelibuhlungu elinombono ofiphele 

Prevention 

Ukuvimbela ukushaywa kwamehlo kuhilela ukulawula izimo zempilo ezingaphansi kanye nokuthatha indlela yokuphila enempilo, okuhlanganisa: 

• Ukuzivocavoca njalo kusiza ukugcina impilo yemithambo yegazi. 
• Ukudla okunomsoco okuhlanganisa izithelo, imifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, namaprotheni angenalutho kusekela inhlalakahle yonke. 
• Ukunciphisa ukudla kukasawoti wetafula ku-1,500 milligrams ngosuku nokugwema ukudla okune-cholesterol ephezulu kunganciphisa ingozi yokushaywa kwamehlo. 
• Ukuyeka ukubhema kubalulekile, njengoba kusheshisa ukwakheka kwamahlule. 
• Ukuhlolwa njalo, okuhlanganisa umfutho wegazi kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-cholesterol, kubalulekile. 
• Kulabo abanesifo sikashukela, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kwaminyaka yonke kuyanconywa. 
• Ngokubhekana nalezi zici, abantu ngabanye banganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba nesifo sohlangothi futhi bavikele ukubona kwabo. 

Isiphetho 

Ukushaywa kwamehlo kuthinta kakhulu umbono kanye nempilo yonke. Ukuqaphela ngokushesha izimpawu nokwelashwa ngokushesha kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe umonakalo unomphela. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo kanye nempilo enempilo yemithambo kubalulekile ekuvikeleni impilo yamehlo. 

FAQ sika 

1. Ingabe iso lingalulama ekushayweni kwamehlo? 

Ukululama ekushayweni kwamehlo kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi ngokwelashwa ngokushesha. Nokho, ukululama okuphelele akuvamile. Okunye ukuthuthukiswa kombono kungase kwenzeke phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala ngemva kokushaywa unhlangothi. Izinga lokululama lincike ebubini bomonakalo kanye nendawo ethintekile ye-retina. 

2. Yiziphi izimpawu zokushaywa unhlangothi esweni lakho? 

Izimpawu ze-eye stroke zihlanganisa ukulahleka kombono okungazelelwe noma izinguquko esweni elilodwa, ukuntanta, ukubona okufiphele, izindawo ezingaboni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukucindezela noma ukungakhululeki. 

3. Ingabe i-eye stroke yehlukile kune-stroke evamile? 

Yebo, ukushaywa kwamehlo kuhlukile ekushayweni okuvamile. I-eye stroke ithinta ukugeleza kwegazi ku-retina, kuyilapho ukushaywa njalo kuthinta ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni. 

4. Ingabe isifo sohlangothi singokwesikhashana? 

Ukushaywa kwamehlo kungabangela izinguquko zombono zesikhashana noma unomphela. Abanye abantu bangase balahlekelwe umbono wesikhashana okuba ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanti abanye bangase babe nemiphumela ehlala njalo. Umphumela uncike ezicini ezifana nohlobo lwe-eye stroke kanye nokuthi ukwelashwa kwamukelwe ngokushesha kangakanani. 

5. Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kuthola isifo sohlangothi? 

Nakuba ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuvamile kungase kungabonakali ngokuqondile a unhlangothi, ingaveza izimpawu zezimo zempilo ezicashile ezandisa ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo okuphelele, okuhlanganisa ne-retinal imaging, kungasiza ekuboneni ukungahambi kahle kwemithambo ehambisana nobungozi bokushaywa unhlangothi. 

6. Ingabe ukubona ngokuzumayo kuwuhlangothi? 

Ukufiphala kombono okungazelelwe kungaba uphawu lokushaywa kwamehlo noma ukushaywa ubuchopho okuthinta i-visual cortex. Kungase futhi kube nezinye izimbangela. Noma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kombono okungazelelwe kufanele kuphathwe njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha futhi kuhlolwe ngokushesha ukuze kukhishwe izimo ezinzima ezifana nesifo sohlangothi. 

UDkt. Neelu Agrawal

CARE Medical Team

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