Ukutheleleka kwefungal

Ubuwazi ukuthi ukutheleleka kwefungal kuthinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke unyaka nonyaka? Lawa magciwane angadala umonakalo esikhumbeni sethu, izinzipho, nezitho zangaphakathi, abangele ukungakhululeki futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Izifo zesikhunta ziza ngezindlela eziningi, kusukela ezinyaweni zomsubathi ovamile kuya ezimeni ezinzima kakhulu njenge-candidiasis. Ukuhlonza kanye nokwelapha lezi zifo ngempumelelo kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo enhle nokuvimbela izinkinga.

Masiqonde umhlaba we izifo zokukhunta, ezinikeza ukukhanya ezinhlotsheni zazo, izimpawu, nezimbangela. Sizophinde sihlole izindlela zokuxilonga ezihlukene, izinketho zokwelapha, namasu okuvimbela ukukusiza ukuthi uhlale uphambi kwalezi zinambuzane ezinzima.

Yiziphi izifo ze-fungal?

Izifo zefungal, ezibizwa nangokuthi i-mycoses, izifo ezibangelwa isikhunta. Isikhunta sizalana ngokukhulula izinhlamvu. Lezi zinhlamvu zingacoshwa ngokuthintana ngqo noma ngokuhogela. Kungakho izifo zokukhunta zivame ukuba nomthelela esikhumbeni, izinzipho, noma amaphaphu, nakuba zingangena zijule futhi zidale izifo zesistimu.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi nakuba isikhunta esiningi singenabungozi kubantu, ezinye zingadala izifo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Izifo zesikhunta zingathathelwana, zisakazekele komunye umuntu ziye komunye futhi zisuka ezilwaneni ezinegciwane, inhlabathi engcolile, noma izindawo ezingaphezulu.

Izinhlobo zezifo zefungal

Okulandelayo yizinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokutheleleka kwefungal:

• Ukutheleleka Kwesikhunta Okuphezulu: Lokhu kuthinta izingqimba zangaphandle zesikhumba, izinzipho, nezinwele. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa unyawo lomsubathi, i-jock itch, i-ringworm, kanye nezifo ezithinta izinzipho (onychomycosis).
• Izifo zefungal ezingaphansi kwesikhumba: Lezi zihlanganisa izingqimba ezijulile zesikhumba, kuhlanganise nesikhumba, izicubu ezingaphansi kwesikhumba, ngisho nethambo. Ngokuvamile zibangelwa isikhunta enhlabathini noma izimila ezibolayo ezingena esikhunjeni ngenxa yokulimala. Lezi zihlanganisa i-sporotrichosis, i-chromoblastomycosis, ne-eumycetoma.
• Izifo zefungal ezihlelekile: Lezi zingathinta izitho zangaphakathi futhi ziyingozi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abane amasosha omzimba abuthakathaka. Zingase zibe umphumela wokuhogela izinhlamvu zesikhunta noma njengezifo ezingosomathuba kubantu abangenawo amandla omzimba. Lezi zihlanganisa i-histoplasmosis, i-coccidioidomycosis (i-Valley fever), i-aspergillosis, i-candidiasis ehlaselayo, kanye ne-cryptococcosis.

Izimpawu zezifo zefungal

Izifo zesikhunta zingathinta izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, futhi izimpawu zazo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo nendawo yokutheleleka. 

• Izimpawu Ezivamile:
  • Isikhumba esithintekile singaba bomvu, sibe namaxolo, noma sibe namaxolo. Esikhumbeni esimnyama, ukuqubuka kungase kubonakale kumpunga noma kunsundu.
  • Ukuluma okuqinile nokubeleselayo
  • Indawo ethelelekile ingase izwakale ibuhlungu noma icasukile
  • Ukucwecwa noma ukuqhekeka kwesikhumba
• Izimpawu Eziqondile Ngohlobo: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo zokukhunta ziveza izimpawu ezihlukile:
  • Isikelemu: Lesi sifo sokukhunta sibonakala njengokuqubuka okuyisiyingi esinamachopho aphakanyisiwe, avame ukucaca phakathi nendawo. Ukuqubuka kungase kusabalele ngaphandle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
  • Unyawo Lomsubathi: Lokhu kuthinta izinyawo, kubangele ukulunywa, ukusha, nokuqhekeka phakathi kwezinzwane.
  • I-Jock Itch: Kwenzeka endaweni ye-groin, ibangela ububomvu, ukulunywa, kanye nokuqubuka okungase kudlulele ezinqeni noma emathangeni.
  • I-Vaginal Yeast Infection: Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukulunywa, ukuvuvukala eduze kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, ukushisa ngesikhathi sokuchama noma ukuya ocansini, nokukhishwa okungavamile (okuvame ukuchazwa njengokufana noshizi we-cottage shizi).
  • I-Oral Thrush: Lokhu kubangela amabala amhlophe emlonyeni noma emphinjeni, ubuhlungu ngenkathi udla, nokulahlekelwa ukunambitheka.
• Kwezinye izimo, isikhunta singathinta izitho zangaphakathi (ukutheleleka kwe-fungal systemic), okuholela ezimpawu ezinzima kakhulu:
  • Izifo zamaphaphu: Ukukhwehlela (ngesinye isikhathi ngegazi), ukukhathala, imfiva, ukuphelelwa umoya, nokujuluka ebusuku.
  • Izifo Zobuchopho: Ikhanda elibuhlungu, umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu bentamo, isicanucanu, ukudideka, nokuzwela ukukhanya
  • Izifo zamehlo: Ubuhlungu, ububomvu, ukuphuma, ukubona okufiphele, nokuzwela ukukhanya
  • Izifo zeSinus: Imfiva, ukuminyana emakhaleni, ikhanda elibuhlungu, nokuvuvukala kobuso noma ubuhlungu

Izimbangela zezifo ze-fungal

Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta kwenzeka lapho isikhunta ehlukahlukene sikhula futhi sande ngaphakathi noma ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezithile zingaholela ekukhuleni kwefungal futhi kubangele izimpawu, okuhlanganisa:

• Isimiso Sokuzivikela Ezifweni Esibuthakathaka: Lapho izivikelo zemvelo zomzimba zisengozini, isikhunta singasebenzisa ithuba futhi sibangele izifo kalula.
• Izemvelo: Izici zemvelo zingaholela ekuqubukeni kwesikhunta. Lokhu kuhlanganisa umsebenzi wokwakha, ukuhamba ungafake zicathulo ezindaweni zomphakathi, nokuphefumula isikhunta esiphuma emoyeni ongcolile.
• Ukuhamba: Ukuvakashela izindawo ezinesikhunta esiphezulu kungandisa amathuba okuchayeka kanye nokutheleleka.
• Ukwethulwa Kwesikhunta Esisha: Uma izinhlobo ezintsha zesikhunta zethulwa endaweni, zingabangela izifo kubantu abangakakhuli kuzo.

Sifo

Ukuhlonza isifo sokukhunta kubalulekile ekwelapheni okusebenzayo. Odokotela basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuxilonga lezi zifo, kuye ngendawo ethintekile yomzimba, njenge:

• Ukuhlolwa Komzimba Nezingxoxo: The inqubo yokuxilonga iqala ngokuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba kanye nengxoxo yezimpawu. Lesi sinyathelo sokuqala sisiza odokotela ukuthi banqume ukuhlolwa okufanele kakhulu okufanele bakwenze.
• Ukuqoqwa Kwesampula: Ukuqinisekisa ubukhona bokutheleleka kwefungal, odokotela bavame ukuqoqa amasampula ezindaweni ezithintekile. Lawa masampuli angase ahlanganise ukuklwebheka kwesikhumba noma amasampula ezinwele, ukunqunywa kwezinzipho, igazi, isikhwehlela (ufinyila oluphuma ohlelweni lokuphefumula), umchamo, noma ukuphuma kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Serological: Ukuhlolwa kwe-serological kungaba wusizo ezifweni ezithile zokukhunta, ikakhulukazi ama-mycoses avamile. 
• Ukutholwa Kwe-Antigen: Ezinye isikhunta zikhipha ama-polysaccharides athile noma amaprotheni kuketshezi lomzimba ngesikhathi sokutheleleka. Ukuthola lawa ma-antigen egazini noma emchameni kungasiza ukuxilonga ukutheleleka ngaphandle kokuqoqwa kwesampula okuhlaselayo.
• Izifundo Zokucabanga: Odokotela bangase ba-ode izifundo ze-imaging, njenge-X-ray, i-MRI, noma i-CT scan, ngezifo ezisolwayo zokukhunta ezithweni zangaphakathi. Lezi zindlela zokuthwebula izithombe zisiza ukubona ngeso lengqondo noma yiziphi izixuku zesikhunta noma ukulimala kwezicubu, ikakhulukazi ohlelweni lokuphefumula.

Ukwelashwa Kokutheleleka Kwesikhunta

Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kokutheleleka kwefungal kuhilela inhlanganisela yokungenelela kwezokwelapha kanye namakhambi asekhaya.

• Imithi:
  • Imithi yomlomo noma ye-IV ye-antifungal 
  • Ukugeza umlomo noma lozenji
  • Ilihlo
  • Shampoo
• Ngezifo zesikhunta ezikha phezulu ezifana umbungu, unyawo lomsubathi, kanye ne-vaginal thrush, ama-antifungal creams noma imithi yomlomo ngokuvamile yanele. 
• Kodwa-ke, izifo ezinzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lezo ezithinta izitho zangaphakathi, zingadinga ama-antifungal amandla kadokotela futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukulaliswa esibhedlela.
• Ukwelashwa kwe-fungal Infection ekhaya:
  • I-Apple Cider Vinegar: Hlanganisa izipuni ezimbili emanzini afudumele futhi uphuze noma usebenzise phezulu.
  • Amafutha esihlahla setiye: Faka ingxube yamafutha esihlahla setiye namafutha othwala endaweni ethintekile.
  • I-Aloe vera: Sebenzisa ukuthobisa nokulungisa umonakalo wesikhumba ngenkathi ulwa nokutheleleka.
  • I-Garlic: Gcoba njenge-paste noma uyidle njalo ukuze uthuthukise amasosha omzimba.

Ingozi Yokutheleleka Ngefungal

Nakuba noma ubani engase abe nokutheleleka kwefungal, izici ezithile zandisa amathuba okuthola lezi zifo ezinzima, njenge:

• Isimiso Sokuzivikela Ezifweni Esibuthakathaka: Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka basengozini enkulu yezifo ezivamile nezinzima zesikhunta. Izimo ezingenza amasosha omzimba abe buthaka umdlavuza, HIV / AIDS, izifo ezingelapheki, noma abemukeli bokufakelwa isitho.
• Ukwelashwa Kwezokwelapha Nemithi: Ukungenelela okuthile kwezokwelapha kanye nemithi kungandisa ubungozi bokutheleleka kwefungal:
  • Ukuhlala isikhathi eside esibhedlela
  • Izinto zokufakelwa
  • Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Corticosteroid
  • Imithamo ephezulu yama-antibiotics

Iziguli ezisezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo zingangenwa izifo zokukhunta ngamanxeba, amasayithi okuhlinzwa, noma izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha njengama-ventilators nama-catheter. 

• Ezinye Izinto Zobungozi:
  • Ukungahambi kahle kwegazi
  • Diabetes
  • Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinomswakama
  • Izindawo zokungqubuzana okuphezulu emzimbeni

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Izifo zesikhunta kubantu zingaba mnene ziye ezinzima; thintana nodokotela uma:

• Othile uba nezimpawu eziqhubekayo zokutheleleka kwefungal, ikakhulukazi emaphashini noma kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi.
• Uma ukwelashwa kwasekhaya kungasebenzi ekwelapheni izifo zefungal kubantu.

Prevention

Ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezilula kodwa ezisebenzayo, abantu banganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuba nalezi zifo ezinzima, okuhlanganisa:

• Gcina inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu  
• Abantu kufanele bageze ngemva kokungcola noma ukujuluka, baqinisekise ukuthi azikho izindawo zesikhumba zabo ezihlala zimanzi. 
• Kubalulekile ukugqoka izingubo zangaphansi zikakotini ezihlanzekile, ezomile futhi ugcine izinzipho zakho zifushane futhi zihlanzekile.
• Abantu kufanele bagweme ukuhamba bengafake zicathulo ezindlini zokugeza zomphakathi, ezihlaweni, noma ezindlini zokushintshela. 
• Ukugcina inhlanzeko yomlomo ingesinye isici esibalulekile sokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwefungal.
• Kulabo abagqoka ama-contact lens, ukulandela imiyalelo yokunakekelwa okufanele kubalulekile.
• Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic. Ukuthatha ama-antibiotics kuphela ngendlela ebekiwe kubalulekile.
• Izinyathelo zokuzivikela ziyadingeka lapho wenza imisebenzi ehilela ukuthintana nenhlabathi. 
• Ungabelani nabanye ngempahla yezemidlalo, amathawula, noma ezinye izinto zakho.
• Ukudla nakho kudlala indima engenakulinganiswa ekuvimbeleni izifo zefungal. Ukusebenzisa iyogathi nokunye ukudla okunothe ngama-probiotic kusiza ukwakha ibhalansi efanelekile yamagciwane emzimbeni, angasiza ekugwemeni izifo zefungal.

Isiphetho

Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta kubangela inselele enkulu yezempilo, kuthinta izigidi emhlabeni wonke futhi kubangele ukungakhululeki kusuka kokuncane kuye kokuqina. Ukuqonda amasu okuvimbela kubalulekile ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwefungal. Ngokugcina inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezindaweni zomphakathi, nokusebenzisa indlela yokuphila enempilo, abantu bangakha ukuzivikela okuqinile kulezi zimo ezivamile kodwa eziyinkathazo. 

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Iyini imbangela enkulu yokutheleleka kwefungal emzimbeni?

Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta kwenzeka lapho isikhunta esiyingozi sihlangana nomzimba futhi sichuma endaweni efudumele, enomswakama. Izimbangela eziphambili zihlanganisa:

• Ukuchayeka kusikhunta endaweni ezungezile (umoya, inhlabathi, izitshalo, amanzi)
• Isivikelo somzimba sokuzivikela
• Ukuhlanzeka okungekuhle
• Izimo ezimanzi
• Ukulimala noma ukuphuka kwesikhumba
• Kwezinye izimo, ukwanda kwesikhunta okukhona ngokwemvelo esikhumbeni kungaholela ezifweni.

2. Abantu bazithola kanjani izifo zokukhunta?

Abantu bangathola izifo zefungal ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene:

• Ukuthintana ngqo nabantu noma izilwane ezithelelekile
• Ukuchayeka ezindaweni ezingcolile noma emhlabathini
• Ukuhamba ngaphandle kwezicathulo ezindaweni zomphakathi ezimanzi
• Ukugqoka izingubo ezimanzi noma ezijulukayo
• Ukwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu njengamathawula noma izinto zezemidlalo
• Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwama-antibiotic, okungaphazamisa ibhalansi yemvelo yomzimba yama-microorganisms

3. Ukutheleleka kwefungal kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphola?

Isikhathi sokuphulukiswa kwezifo zokukhunta siyahlukahluka futhi kuya ngohlobo nobukhulu besifo. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu ezinjengokulunywa zingase zibe ngcono phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala ukwelashwa kokutheleleka kwefungal. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezithinta izinzipho noma izitho zangaphakathi, zingadinga isikhathi eside sokwelashwa. 

4. Ingabe ukutheleleka kwefungal kuzoziphelela?

Lezi zifo ngokuvamile azixazululi ngokwazo ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Ukuziyeka zingelashwa kungasabalalisa ukutheleleka kwezinye izitho zomzimba futhi kwenza izimpawu zibe zimbi nakakhulu.

5. Ungakugwema kanjani ukutheleleka kwefungal?

Ukuvimbela izifo zesikhunta kuhilela ukugcina inhlanzeko nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuzivikela. Nawa amanye amathiphu okunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwefungal:

• Gcina isikhumba sihlanzekile futhi somile, ikakhulukazi ezinyaweni, ezinqeni, emakhwapheni
• Gqoka izingubo ezihlanzekile, ezomile nsuku zonke, ikakhulukazi izingubo zangaphansi namasokisi
• Ishawa ngemva kokujuluka kakhulu noma ukungcola
• I-Wear foot igqoka ezindaweni zokugeza zomphakathi, ezindlini zokushintshela, nasezindaweni zamachibi
• Gwema ukwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu njengamathawula noma izinto zemidlalo
• Gcina izipikili zibe zifushane futhi zihlanzekile
• Zijwayeze inhlanzeko yomlomo
• Faka ama-probiotics ekudleni kwakho ukuze usekele amagciwane anenzuzo
• Thatha ama-antibiotic kuphela njengoba uyalelwe udokotela

UDkt Manoj Soni

Imithi Ejwayelekile

CARE Medical Team

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