Ukutheleleka Kwamathumbu

Ukutheleleka kwamathumbu kuyinkinga evamile yesistimu ethinta izigidi emhlabeni wonke unyaka ngamunye. Izifo zamathumbu zibonakala ngezimpawu kusukela ezinkingeni zesisu ezithambile kuye ekubeni noshevu onzima wokudla futhi zingathinta kakhulu impilo yomuntu yansuku zonke kanye nempilo iyonke.

Le bhulogi ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi ngezici ezihlukahlukene zezifo zesisu, okuhlanganisa izimpawu zazo, izimbangela, kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa. 

Yiziphi izifo zeGastrointestinal Infections?

Izifo zepheshana emathunjini yizifo ezivamile eziqondise isisu namathumbu, okubangela ukuvuvukala komgudu wamathumbu. Ama-microorganisms ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa amagciwane, amagciwane, nama-parasites, angawabangela.

Izinhlobo Zezifo Zamathumbu

Ama-pathogens ahlukahlukene angabangela izifo eziningi ze-gastrointestinal tract. Uhlobo ngalunye lokutheleleka lunezici nezimpawu zalo, njenge:

• Izifo Ezibangelwa Amagciwane: Izifo ze-viral gastrointestinal zivamile futhi ngokuvamile ziyazikhawulela. Ngokuvamile zibangela izimpawu zokutheleleka kwepheshana lesisu njenge isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, futhi isifo sohudo, okuvamise ukuba ngcono phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2. Amanye amagciwane angaholela ekungenweni amathumbu ahlanganisa:
  • I-Rotavirus: Leli gciwane livame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane futhi lisakazeka kalula ngokuthintana namahlanzo angcolile noma indle.
  • I-Norovirus: Ithathelwana kakhulu, leli gciwane lingasakazeka ngokushesha ezindaweni ezivalekile njengezikhungo zokunakekela izingane, amakhaya asebekhulile, kanye nemikhumbi ehamba ngomkhumbi.
  • I-Adenovirus kanye ne-Astrovirus: Lawa magciwane angabangela izifo zesisu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni.
• Ukutheleleka Kwamagciwane: Ukutheleleka kwamathumbu ebhaktheriya kuvame ukuholela emkhuhlaneni kanye nesifo sohudo. Amanye amabhaktheriya avamile abangela izifo zesisu ahlanganisa:
  • I-Campylobacter: Ngokuvamile ixhunyaniswa nokudla inkukhu engcolisiwe, leli gciwane libeka engcupheni enkulu kubantu abasha, abantu abadala, abahambi, nakubantu abangondlekile.
  • I-Salmonella: Ivamise ukusabalala ngenyama engcolile, izinkukhu, noma amaqanda
  • I-Shigella: Ivamise ukuthinta abahambi abaya emazweni asathuthuka.
  • I-Clostridium difficile: Leli gciwane livame ukuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwakamuva kwama-antibiotic noma ukuhlala esibhedlela.
  • I-Escherichia coli (E. coli): Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-E. coli zingabangela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezifo zesisu.
• Ukutheleleka Ngezinambuzane: Nakuba kungavamile kakhulu emazweni athuthukile, izifo ze-parasitic zingabangela izinkinga zesisu. Amanye ama-parasites angaholela ekuthelelekeni kwamathumbu ahlanganisa:
  • I-Giardia: Lesi sitshalo sisakazeka ngendle yabantu abangenwe yilesi sifo kanye nezilwane. Ngokuvamile kuthinta izingane ezincane, abahamba ngezinyawo, nabahambi.
  • I-Cryptosporidium: Lesi silwane singasakazeka ngokudla noma emanzini angcolile.
  • I-Entamoeba histolytica: Lesi silwane sihlasela kakhulu abantu abasha futhi ngokuvamile sisakazwa ngamanzi angcolile noma ukudla.

Izimpawu Zokutheleleka Kwamathumbu

Ukutheleleka kwamathumbu kungabangela izimpawu eziningi ezihluka ngobukhulu. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa: 

• Uhudo
• I-nausea
• Ukuvota 
• Amajaqamba esisu
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
• Fever
• Ama-muscle aches
• Igesi nokuqunjelwa
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungahlosiwe
• Ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte
• Amafinyila noma igazi esitulweni

Izimbangela Zezifo Zamathumbu

Izifo zamathumbu zivela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi amagciwane, amagciwane, nama-parasites. Lezi zinambuzane zingangena emzimbeni ngamanzi angcolile, imikhiqizo yokudla, noma ukuthintana ngokuqondile nabantu abanaleli gciwane.

Izinto eziyingozi zokungenwa yizifo zeGastrointestinal

Izifo zamathumbu zingathinta noma ubani, kodwa izici ezithile zandisa ingozi yokuba nalezi zimo.

• I-Compromised Immune System: Abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka basengozini enkulu yokungenwa izifo zesisu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:
  • Abantu abane-HIV/AIDS
  • Iziguli ezinomdlavuza zibhekene imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali
  • Abemukeli bokufakelwa izitho zomzimba emithini ye-immunosuppressive
  • Abanezifo ezingelapheki
• Iminyaka yobudala: Abantu abadala kanye nezingane ezincane basengozini enkulu ngenxa yamasosha abo omzimba aqinile. Angaphelelwa amanzi kakhulu futhi angadinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kaningi kunabantu abadala abanempilo.
• Ukwelashwa Kwezokwelapha: Ukwelashwa okuthile kungandisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwamathumbu emathunjini:
  • Ukwelashwa kwamafutha, ikakhulukazi emthonjeni
  • I-chemotherapy enamandla
  • Ukufakelwa kwamathambo
  • Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-corticosteroids ephefumulelwe ezimweni ezifana ne-asthma noma isifo se-chronic obstructive pulmonary
• Ukuhamba: Abantu abahambela izindawo ezinezinga eliphansi lokukhucululwa kwendle noma inhlanzeko basengozini enkulu. 
• Ukuphatha Ukudla Nokudla: Ukudla ukudla okuthile kungandisa ingozi yokutheleleka:
  • Imikhiqizo yezilwane engaphekiwe noma engaphekiwe
  • Imikhiqizo yobisi engasetshenziswanga namajusi
  • Amahlumela aluhlaza
  • Amanzi angaphekiwe, ikakhulukazi lapho uhamba ngezinyawo noma uhamba
• Izemvelo: Izindawo ezithile zingandisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwesisu:
  • Imiphakathi ebiyelwe njengezibhedlela, izindawo zokulala, izikhungo zokunakekela izingane, kanye nemikhumbi yokuhamba ngezinyawo
  • Ukubhukuda noma ukuphuza amanzi angcolile
  • Ukuthintana nomhlabathi ongcolile noma indle yezilwane
• Izimo Ezingamahlalakhona: Abantu abanenkinga ye-motility engapheli noma ezinye izinkinga zezempilo eziqhubekayo bangase babe sengozini yokuthola izifo ezibangelwa amathumbu.

Izinkinga

Nakuba ngokuvamile zixazulula ngokwazo, izifo zesisu kwesinye isikhathi zingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezisukela komnene kuye ezinzima, okuhlanganisa:

• Uhudo nokuhlanza njalo kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okuphawulekayo koketshezi
• Umkhuhlane omkhulu
• Ukubhobozwa kwepheshana lesisu
• Ukwakhiwa kwe-Fistula
• Sepsis
• Izinkinga ze-Esophageal (ukopha, ukubhoboza, ukwakheka kwe-stricture, nokwakheka kwe-sinus)
• Ukopha okubulalayo okuvela ezilonda zesisu ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu

Sifo

Ukuhlonza izifo zamathumbu kuhlanganisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela kumasu aselabhorethri endabuko kuya ekuhlolweni okuthuthukisiwe kwamangqamuzana. 

• Ukuhlolwa Kwaselabhorethri: 
  • Ukuhlolwa kwesiko kanye nama-antibiotic susceptibility test
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-ova kanye ne-parasite microscopy
  • Ukutholwa kwe-antigen kusetshenziswa ama-immunoassays
• Ukuhlolwa Kwendle: Ukuhlolwa kwendle kusiza ukuhlonza amagciwane athile afana ne-Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Clostridioides difficile, Rotavirus, ne-norovirus. Amasiko endle, ama-Enzyme Immunoassays (EIAs), kanye ne-PCR (i-polymerase chain reaction) avame ukusetshenziswa ukuhlola indle.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kusiza ukukhomba izimpawu zokutheleleka, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, noma ukuvuvukala. 
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezithombe: Izifundo zokucabanga njenge-X-ray yesisu noma i-CT scan zisiza ukukhipha ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu, njengokuvaleka kwamathumbu noma i-appendicitis. 

Ukwelashwa Kwezifo Zepheshana Lamathumbu

Ukwelashwa kwezifo zesisu ngokuyinhloko kugxile ekulawuleni izimpawu nokuvimbela izinkinga. Ezimweni eziningi, izinyathelo zokuzinakekela zanele, futhi ukungenelela kwezokwelapha akudingekile.

• Isisekelo sokwelashwa yi-hydration. Ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi, kuhlanganise namanzi, iziphuzo zokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni, kanye netiye le-herbal, kubalulekile esikhundleni soketshezi olulahleke ngenxa yohudo nokuhlanza. 
• Ibele kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina amanzi ezinsaneni. Izingane ezinceliswa ubisi olungumgubo ziyelulekwa ukuthi ziphuze i-oral rehydration solution (ORS) noma amanzi amahora okuqala ayi-12, alandelwe yifomula yazo evamile ngamanani amancane, avamile.
• Umzimba udinga isikhathi sokulwa naleli gciwane, ngakho-ke ukuphumula okuningi kubalulekile. 
• Lapho bezizwa bengcono, abantu ngabanye bangaqala ukudla ukudla okuvamile, okugayeka kalula.
• Imithi: Odokotela bangase banikeze imithi elwa namagciwane izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nama-antiparasites ukwelapha izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Qaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha, njenge:

• Ukushisa ngaphezu kuka-40°C
• Ukuhlanza amahora angaphezu kwama-48 noma ukuhlanza igazi 
• Izimpawu zokuphela kwamanzi emzimbeni (ukoma kakhulu, umlomo owomile, umchamo omncane noma awukho nhlobo, ubuthakathaka obukhulu, ikhanda elilula)
• Ukuphuma kwegazi emathunjini

Izingane ezinezifo zesisu zidinga ukuqapha ngokucophelela. Abazali kufanele bafune usizo lwezokwelapha uma ingane yabo:

• Unomkhuhlane ongaphezu kuka-39°C
• Uzwa ukungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu obukhulu
• Kubukeka kukhathele noma kucasuka kakhulu
• Unesifo sohudo esinegazi
• Ibonisa izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni
• Sekuphele amahora ambalwa ehlanza (ngaphezu kokukhafula okujwayelekile)

Ukuvimbela Ukutheleleka Kwamathumbu

Ukuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa amathumbu kuhlanganisa ukwamukela imikhuba emihle yenhlanzeko kanye nokunaka lokho umuntu akudlayo nakuphuzayo, njengalokhu:

• Ukuhlanzeka Okufanelekile Kwezandla: Ukugeza izandla kubalulekile. Geza izandla zakho kahle ngamanzi nensipho ethambile ngaphambi kokudla noma ukulungisa ukudla nangemuva kokuya endlini yangasese. 
• Ukuphepha Kokudla: Kubalulekile ukuhlanza nokubulala amagciwane ezindaweni zasekhishini. Imikhiqizo yokudla kufanele igezwe kahle lapho kulungiswa ukudla. Gwema ukudla ukudla okungaphekiwe.
• Ukuphepha Emanzini: Ezindaweni lapho amanzi ahlanzekile engenakuqinisekiswa khona, kuyancomeka ukuthi kusetshenziswe amanzi asebhodleleni noma abilisiwe ukuphuza nokuhlanza amazinyo. 
• Izinyathelo Zokuhamba: Abahambi kufanele bakhethe ukudla okusanda kuphekwa okuphekwe kushisayo futhi bagweme ukudla okuluhlaza noma okungaphekiwe, ikakhulukazi inyama nokudla kwasolwandle. 

Isiphetho

Nakuba izifo eziningi zesisu ziziphumela ngokwazo ngokuzinakekela okufanele, kubalulekile ukuhlala uqaphile futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuzivikela. Abantu banganciphisa ngempumelelo ingozi yabo futhi balawule lezi zifo ezivamile ngokuzijwayeza inhlanzeko, ukuqaphela ukuphepha kokudla namanzi, nokuqaphela ukuthi kufanele balufune nini usizo lwezokwelapha. Le ndlela ithinta impilo nenhlalakahle jikelele, ivumela abantu ukuthi baphile impilo enempilo, enethezekile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ukwelapha kanjani ukutheleleka kwamathumbu ngokwemvelo?

Lawa amanye amakhambi asekhaya angasiza ekwelapheni ukutheleleka nge-gastrointestinal:

• Isixazululo Sokubuyisela Umzimba Wasekhaya: Ingxube yamanzi, ushukela, nosawoti igcwalisa amaminerali namanzi 
• I-Ginger ingasiza ekuqedeni abahlaseli bangaphandle futhi inciphise ukuvuvukala. 
• I-Peppermint Tea
• Ijusi kalamula
• Itiye leFennel
• Itiye le-Chamomile
• Itiye eliphephuli loosestrife

2. Indlela yokwelapha isifo samathumbu?

Ukwelashwa kwezifo zesisu ngokuyinhloko kugxile ekulawuleni izimpawu nokuvimbela izinkinga. Nazi ezinye izinyathelo zokwelapha isifo se-gastrointestinal:

• Ukuphumula 
• Phuza amaningi amanzi
• Vumela isisu sakho sizinze ngokumisa ukudla okuqinile amahora ambalwa.
• Ukudla kwe-BRAT: Ubhanana, irayisi, i-applesauce, nethosti 
• Gwema i-caffeine, utshwala, i-nicotine, nokudla okunamafutha noma okunezinongo kakhulu.
• Imithi ethengwayo

3. Ingabe i-curd ilungele izifo zamathumbu?

I-Curd, eyaziwa nangokuthi iyogathi, ingazuza izifo zamathumbu ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ze-probiotic. 

UDkt Saket Agrawal

I-Gastroenterology Yezokwelapha

CARE Medical Team

1