I-Glomerulonephritis

Izinso zisefa cishe amalitha egazi ayikhulu namashumi amahlanu nsuku zonke, kugcina umzimba ungenayo imfucuza kanye noketshezi oluningi. Isifo sezinso iGlomerulonephritis senzeka lapho amayunithi amancane okuhlunga ezinso, abizwa ngokuthi i-glomeruli, evuvukala futhi alimale. Ukuqonda izimbangela zaso, ukuqaphela izimpawu eziyisixwayiso kusenesikhathi, kanye nokufuna ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile ekulawuleni lesi simo ngokuphumelelayo. 

Iyini i-Glomerulonephritis? 

I-Glomerulonephritis iyinkimbinkimbi isifo sezinso okubonakaliswa ukuvuvukala kwamayunithi amancane okuhlunga abizwa ngokuthi i-glomeruli. Lezi zakhiwo ezincane, cishe isigidi ngaphakathi kwezinso ngayinye, zisebenza njengemishini yokuhlunga eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanza igazi lemikhiqizo engcolile noketshezi oluningi. 

Uma isifo sezinso i-glomerulonephritis siqala, singabonakala ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene: 

• I-Glomerulonephritis engapheli: Iqala ngokuzumayo futhi ingaxazululeka ngokwelashwa okufanele 
• I-Glomerulonephritis engapheli: Ithuthuka kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ingaholela ekulimaleni kwezinso unomphela 

I-IgA nephropathy ime njengendlela evame kakhulu ye-glomerulonephritis emhlabeni jikelele. Lesi simo singenzeka ngokuzimela noma njengengxenye yezinye izifo, njenge-lupus noma isifo sikashukela. Ngaphandle kokungenelela okufika ngesikhathi, i-glomerulonephritis ivame ukuqhubekela phambili, okungase kuholele esifweni sezinso esingamahlalakhona kanye nezinkinga ezihambisana nenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. 

Izimpawu ze-Glomerulonephritis 

Abantu abaningi abanesifo sezinso i-glomerulonephritis abanazo izimpawu eziyisixwayiso, kodwa abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezithile, njenge: 

• Umchamo opinki noma onombala we-cola ngenxa yokuba khona kwegazi 
• Umchamo onegwebu noma onegwebu obangelwa amaprotheni amaningi 
• Ukuvuvukala ebusweni, ezandleni, ezinyaweni nasesiswini 
• Izinguquko ekuvameni kokuchama 
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu 
• I-nausea nokuhlanza 
• Amajaqamba emisipha nokukhathala 
• Okuhlangene noma ubuhlungu besisu 
• Ukuphelelwa umoya 
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe 

Izimbangela Nezingozi Ze-Glomerulonephritis 

Izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-glomerulonephritis zihlanganisa: 

• Amagciwane: 
  • Ukutheleleka kwe-post-streptococcal kulandela i-strep throat 
  • I-bacterial endocarditis ethinta ama-valve enhliziyo 
  • Ukutheleleka ngegciwane, okuhlanganisa i-hepatitis B, i-hepatitis C, ne-HIV 
• Izimo ze-Autoimmune: 
  • I-Lupus- ethinta amasistimu omzimba amaningi 
  • I-Goodpasture's syndrome- ithinta amaphaphu nezinso 
  • I-IgA nephropathy ene-antibody deposits ku-glomeruli 
• Ukuphazamiseka Kwemithambo Yegazi: 
  • I-Polyarteritis ethinta imithambo yegazi ephakathi nendawo nemincane 
  • I-granulomatosis ene-polyangiitis ethinta izitho eziningi 
• Izimo ze-Sclerotic: 
  • Umfutho wegazi ophakeme wesikhathi eside 
  • Isifo sezinso sikashukela 
  • I-focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 

Kunezici eziningana ezandisa amathuba okuthuthukisa i-glomerulonephritis. Lokhu kubandakanya: 

• Umlando womuntu siqu noma womndeni wesifo sezinso 
• Ukuchayeka emithini ethile noma ubuthi 
• Ukuba khona kwezimo ze-autoimmune 

Izinkinga zeGlomerulonephritis 

Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwezinso kungaholela kulokhu: 

• Ukuqoqwa kwemfucuza egazini 
• Ukulawulwa okungalungile kwamaminerali abalulekile 
• Ukulahlekelwa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi 
• Ukuncipha kwamazinga amaprotheni egazini 

Izinkinga ezinkulu zingakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njenge: 

• Ukuhluleka kwezinso okukhulu 
• Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona, esibonakala ngokuncipha kokusebenza kwezinso phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu noma ngaphezulu 
• Isifo sezinso sesigaba sokugcina 
• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme ovela kwi-glomeruli eyonakele kanye ne-nephrotic syndrome, lapho ukulahleka kwamaprotheni ngokweqile ngomchamo kuholela ezingeni eliphansi lamaprotheni egazi. 

Sifo 

Odokotela ngokuvamile banikeza lezi zivivinyo zokuxilonga ezibalulekile: 

• Ukuhlaziywa komchamo: Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuba khona kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi, amaprotheni, namangqamuzana amhlophe egazi abonisa ukuvuvukala. Ukubonakala kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kubonisa ngokuqinile i-glomerulonephritis. 
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lezi zilinganisa amazinga omkhiqizo kadoti, zihlole amasosha omzimba, futhi zihlola amazinga ahambisanayo. Uphenyo lubandakanya isibalo segazi esiphelele (CBC), i-blood urea nitrogen (BUN), nezilinganiso ze-serum creatinine. 
• Izifundo ze-Imaging: I-Ultrasound, i-X-ray, noma izikena ze-CT zisiza ukuhlola usayizi wezinso nesimo ngenkathi ihlola ukungahambi kahle kwesakhiwo noma ukuvinjwa. 
• I-Kidney Biopsy: Lokhu kuhlola okuqinisekile kuhilela ukukhipha ucezu oluncane lwezicubu zezinso usebenzisa inaliti ekhethekile. Isampula ihlolwa nge-microscopic ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa nokunquma uhlobo nobukhulu bomonakalo. 

Ukwelashwa 

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha i-glomerulonephritis zihlanganisa: 

• Ukuphathwa Kwemithi: 
  • Ama-immunosuppressants ukulawula ukuphendula kwamasosha omzimba 
  • Imithi yomfutho wegazi efana ne-ACE inhibitors 
  • Ama-steroid ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala 
  • Ama-diuretics alawula ukugcinwa kwamanzi 
• Ukugonywa: 
  • Imithi yokugomela umkhuhlane kanye nenyumoniya iyanconywa ezigulini, njengoba lesi simo singandisa ubungozi bokutheleleka. 
• Amakhambi Asekhaya: 
  • Izinketho Zokusekela Zemvelo zihlanganisa ijusi yekarothi exutshwe noju & nejusi ye-lime entsha ekuseni. Nokho, iziguli kufanele zigweme izinto ezithile ezingase zicindezele izinso, kuhlanganise notshwala, i-caffeine eningi, nokudla okune-oxalate eningi njengoshokoledi nesipinashi. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela 

Abantu kufanele bathinte udokotela wabo ngokushesha uma beqaphela: 

• Igazi emcimbini noma izinguquko ekubukekeni komchamo 
• Ukuvuvukala okungaqondakali ebusweni noma emilenzeni 
• Ukuphelelwa umoya 
• Izinguquko ekuvameni kokuchama 
• ezinzima ubuhlungu bamalunga 

Prevention 

Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuvimbela zihlanganisa: 

• Ukugcina ukulawulwa okuqinile komfutho wegazi ngokusebenzisa imithi kanye nezinguquko zokuphila 
• Ukuphatha isifo sikashukela ngempumelelo ngokuqapha ushukela wegazi ngendlela efanele 
• Ukulandela ukudla okulinganiselayo nokuncishiswa kokungenisa kukasawoti 
• Ukuzijwayeza inhlanzeko nocansi oluphephile ukuvikela izifo 
• Ukuthola imithi yokugoma yomkhuhlane wesizini kanye ne-pneumococcal 
• Ukusebenzisa imishanguzo yezinhlungu ngaphandle kwe-counter kuphela njengoba kuyaliwe 
• Ukugwema ukubhema noma ukuyeka uma ubhema njengamanje 

Isiphetho 

Inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha, izinguquko zokudla, nezinyathelo zokuvimbela kunikeza ithemba ezigulini ezibhekene nale glomerulonephritis. Ukuqapha njalo, ukubambelela emithini, kanye nokulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila kusiza ukusheshisa ukukhula kwesifo nokugcina ukusebenza kwezinso. Odokotela bagcizelela ukuthi uhambo lwesiguli ngasinye nge-glomerulonephritis luyehluka, okwenza izindlela zokwelashwa eziqondene nomuntu zibaluleke kakhulu ukuze kube nemiphumela emihle. 

FAQs 

1. I-glomeruli isiza kanjani izinso zakho? 

I-Glomeruli amayunithi okuhlunga ama-microscopic ezinso, cishe isigidi sazo esisebenza ngokuqhubekayo. Lezi zakhiwo ezincane zisebenza njengezihlungi eziyinkimbinkimbi, zisusa udoti noketshezi oluningi egazini kuyilapho zigcina amaprotheni namaseli adingekayo ukuze umzimba usebenze kahle. 

2. Ingabe i-glomerulonephritis yisifo esibi? 

Yebo, i-glomerulonephritis idinga ukunakwa ngokucophelela ngoba ingaholela ezinkingeni zezinso uma ingelashwa. Lesi simo singase sibe yisifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona noma ukwehluleka kwezinso kwezinye izimo, okwenza ukusheshe kutholakale kanye nokwelashwa okufanele ukuze kube nemiphumela engcono. 

3. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-nephritic syndrome kanye ne-glomerulonephritis? 

Nakuba i-glomerulonephritis ibhekisela ngokuqondile ekuvuvukeni kwamayunithi okuhlunga izinso, i-nephritic syndrome ichaza iqoqo lezimpawu ezingaba umphumela walokhu kuvuvukala. Umehluko obalulekile uhlanganisa: 

• I-Nephritic syndrome igxile ezimpawini ezithile ezifana negazi emchameni nomfutho wegazi ophakeme 
• I-Glomerulonephritis ichaza isimo sezinso esibangela lezi zimpawu 

4. Ingabe i-glomerulonephritis iyelapheka? 

Ukwelashwa kwe-glomerulonephritis kuncike kumbangela ewumsuka. Ezinye izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezilandela izifo ze-streptococcal, zingathuthuka ngokwelashwa okufanele. Izimo ezingalapheki ngokuvamile zidinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo ukuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe kwezinso nokugcina ukusebenza kwezinso. 

5. Yikuphi ukudla okulungele i-glomerulonephritis? 

Ukudla okulungele izinso ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa: 

• Izithelo ezintsha nemifino ephansi nge-potassium 
• Amaprotheni angenalutho ngamanani aphakathi 
• Okusanhlamvu okuphelele nokudla okungakagaywa 
• Ukudla okuphansi kwe-sodium ne-phosphorus 

6. Ubani owelapha i-glomerulonephritis? 

Uchwepheshe wezinso (nesphrologist) ngokuvamile uhola ithimba lokwelapha. Basebenza kanye nodokotela bokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo nabanye ochwepheshe ukuze bakhe izinhlelo eziphelele zokwelashwa ezihambisana nezimo nezidingo zesiguli ngasinye.

UDkt. Utkarsh Deshmukh

I-MBBS, DNB (Imithi Ejwayelekile), DNB (Nephrology)
I-Ganga CARE Hospital Limited, eNagpur

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

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