I-Herpangina

I-Herpangina, isifo segciwane esithathelwana kakhulu, sihlasela kakhulu izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-10 ubudala futhi ingabangela imfiva ethusayo efinyelela ku-106°F (41.1°C). Ake sihlole izici ezibalulekile ze-herpangina, kusukela kuzimbangela zayo nezimpawu kuye ekwelapheni kwe-herpangina nezindlela zokuvimbela. Abafundi bazofunda ukuthi bangasihlonza kanjani lesi sifo, baqonde ukuqhubeka kwaso futhi bazi ukuthi kufanele bafunele izingane zabo usizo lwezokwelashwa.

Yini i-Herpangina?

Ukutheleleka ngegciwane ngokuyinhloko okuqondise ku-oropharynx, i-herpangina iveza njengezilonda ezincane ezinjengebhamuza ngemuva komphimbo nophahla lomlomo. Lesi simo siyinkinga enkulu yezempilo, ikakhulukazi esithinta izingane ezisacathula nezingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-10. I-Herpangina ivamise ukuxazulula phakathi neviki ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kodwa ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kungase kudingeke ezimeni ezinzima.

Izimpawu ze-Herpangina

Ukuqala kwezimpawu ze-herpangina ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-3-5 ngemva kokuchayeka kugciwane.

Izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukufana nalezo zezifo ezivamile zegciwane, ziqala ngokuthi:

• Ukuqala ngokuzumayo kwemfiva, ngezinye izikhathi ifinyelela ku-106°F (41°C)
• Ikhanda eliqhubekayo
• Izindlala ze-lymph ezivuvukalayo
• ubuhlungu Neck
• Umphimbo obuhlungu nobuhlungu ngenkathi ugwinya

Isici esihluke kakhulu se-herpangina sivela njengamaqhubu amancane, afana namabhamuza ezindaweni ezithile zomlomo. Lezi zilonda zivame ukuvela:

• Ophahleni lomlomo
• Ngemuva komphimbo
• Emathonsi
• On the uvula
• Olimini

Lawa mabhamuza aqala ukubonakala njengamachashaza abomvu ngokukhanyayo, anesilinganiso esingaphansi kwengxenye yesentimitha ububanzi. Njengoba isimo siqhubeka, ziba izilonda ezibonakala ngombala ompunga ozungezwe umngcele obomvu.

Ukuba khona kwalezi zilonda ezibuhlungu kubangela izimpawu zesibili ezilandelayo:

• Kunzima ukugwinya
• Ukunciphisa ukudla
• Ukwenyuka kwamathe
• I-Fussiness, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezincane

Ezinye izingane zingase zibe nezimpawu ezengeziwe ezisekelwe egciwaneni elithile elibangela ukutheleleka. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula
• Ubuhlungu beqolo (buvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezindala)
• Ukuvota

Ukukhathazeka okuphawulekayo okuhlobene ne-herpangina ingozi yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko ngoba ubuhlungu bomlomo nomphimbo ngokuvamile buholela ekunciphiseni ukuphuza uketshezi. Izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni zihlanganisa:

• Ukwanda kokukhathala
• Ukuncipha kokuchama
• Umlomo owomile ophikelelayo

Izingozi Nezimbangela Ze-Herpangina

Amagciwane amaningana athathelwana kakhulu aqala i-herpangina, i-Coxsackieviruses A no-B eyimbangela eyinhloko. I-Echovirus kanye ne-Enterovirus 71 nazo zinomthelela omkhulu ekudaleni lesi simo.

Ukudluliselwa kwe-herpangina kwenzeka ngezindlela eziningi:

• Vala ukuthintana ngokomzimba nabantu abanaleli gciwane
• Ukuhogela amaconsi okuphefumula
• Ukuchayeka okuqondile oketshezini lomzimba, okuhlanganisa amathe namafinyila
• Ukuthintana nendle engcolile

Igciwane libonisa isikhathi sokufukamela sezinsuku ezintathu kuya kweziyisihlanu phakathi kokuchayeka kanye nokuqala kwezimpawu. Abantu abanaleli gciwane bahlala bethathelana amasonto amathathu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili kulandela ukufukamela, kanti ukutheleleka okuphezulu kwenzeka phakathi namasonto amabili okuqala.

Amaqembu athile abhekene sengozini enkulu ye-herpangina:

• Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10, ikakhulukazi lezo eziya enkulisa noma esikoleni
• Izinsana
• Abantu abanamasosha omzimba asengozini
• abesifazane abakhulelwe

Izinkinga ze-Herpangina

Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kuyinkinga evame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokugwinya okubuhlungu okwehlisa uketshezi olungena emzimbeni. Izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ezinganeni zihlanganisa:

• Umlomo owomile nokuncipha kwezinyembezi
• Amehlo ashone phansi nokuncipha kokuchama
• Ukulala okungajwayelekile noma ukucasuka
• Indawo ethambile eshone emakhanda ezinsana

Izinhlobo ezithile zegciwane, ikakhulukazi i-enterovirus 71, zingaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima zemizwa ezidinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Lezi zinkinga zihlanganisa:

• I-encephalitis yesiqu sobuchopho
• Acute flaccid ukukhubazeka
•  I-Aseptic meningitis
• I-myocarditis

Ezinsaneni, lezi zinkinga zihlanganisa ukwehluleka kwesibindi nokuvuvukala kwezicubu zobuchopho. Lesi simo asivamile ukufakazela ukuthi siyabulala, kodwa lapho ukufa kwenzeka, kuthinta kakhulu izinsana ezingaphansi konyaka owodwa ubudala.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Herpangina

• Umlando Womtholampilo: Odokotela baqala inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuqoqa ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana:
  • Izimpawu zamanje
  • Umlando wezokwelapha
  • Ukuchayeka kwakamuva kubantu abanaleli gciwane
  • Isikhathi sesizini sezimpawu
• Ukuhlola Umzimba: Ukuhlolwa komzimba kuveza izici zezilonda ezindaweni ezithile:
  • Isifunda se-posterior pharynx
  • Indawo yolwanga oluthambile
  • Izinsika ze-tonsillar zangaphambili
• Ukuhlaziywa Kwelabhorethri: Ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kuba kudingekile ezimweni ezithile kuphela:
  • Amacala abandakanya izinkinga
  • Ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwezifo kwedatha ye-epidemiological
  • Izimo ezidinga ukuhlukaniswa ezimeni ezinzima
• Ukuhlola Okwengeziwe: Ezimeni lapho ukuhlola kufakazela ukuthi kubalulekile, kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezikhona:
  • Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Enterovirus ngokusebenzisa isiko lamaseli (izinga legolide)
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-Enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA)
  • Izilinganiso ze-Serum antibody
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR kunikeza izinzuzo eziphakeme, ukuletha imiphumela esheshayo nenembayo. 
  • Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngokuvamile kubonisa ukubala okujwayelekile kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, kodwa i-lymphocytosis ingase yenzeke ngezikhathi ezithile. Izilinganiso ze-Serum antibody zidinga amasampula amabili athathwe amaviki angu-2-3 ngokuhlukana, okubonisa ukukhuphuka okuphindwe kane kumazinga amasosha omzimba.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Herpangina

Njengoba i-herpangina ivela ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane, odokotela bagxila kakhulu ekulawuleni izimpawu nokuqinisekisa ukunethezeka kwesiguli kuso sonke isikhathi sokululama.

• Imithi ye-Herpangina: Ukwelashwa kwezihloko kunikeza impumuzo yendawo kusuka ezilonda zomlomo nobuhlungu bomphimbo. Lokhu kubandakanya:
  • Izixazululo ze-anesthetic ezisekelwe ku-Lidocaine
  • Amanzi anosawoti okwelapha ahlanza ngemva kokudla
  • Izifutho zomlomo ezipholile kanye namajeli
  • Ama-throat lozenges (ezingane ezineminyaka eyisithupha nangaphezulu)
• Ukulawulwa Kwe-Fluid: Ukufakwa kwamanzi ngendlela efanele kudlala indima ebalulekile ekululameni. Uketshezi olunconyiwe luhlanganisa:
  • Imikhiqizo yobisi ebandayo
  • Iziphuzo ze-Electrolyte
  • I-ayisikhilimu noma ama-popsicles
  • Water
• Ukuguqulwa Kokudla: Ukudla okuthambile, okuphuphile kusekela ukululama ngenkathi kunciphisa ukungakhululeki. Iziguli kufanele zigweme:
  • Iziphuzo ezishisayo
  • Ukudla okune-Acidic neziphuzo
  • Izitsha ezibabayo
  • Ukudla okulula okunosawoti
  • Izinto ezithosiwe

Ukuphumula kuhlala kubalulekile ukuze ululame. Iziguli kufanele zizihlukanise emakamelweni anomoya omuhle ukuze kuncishiswe ukudluliswa kwegciwane. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Usizo lwezokwelapha lubaluleka lapho uqaphela lezi zimpawu eziyisixwayiso:

• Umkhuhlane ofinyelela ngaphezu kuka-106°F (41°C) othatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kweziyisihlanu
• Ukungakwazi ukuphuza noma ukudla amahora angama-24
• Izilonda zomlomo eziqhubeka ngaphezu kwesonto elilodwa
• Ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo esidlulela emahoreni angama-24

Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kumi njengento eyinhloko edinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. 

Ukuvimbela Herpangina

Ukugeza izandla njalo kuyisisekelo sokuvimbela, okufakazela ukuthi kubalulekile ekwehliseni ukusulelana ngegciwane. Ukuhlanzeka kwezandla okufanele kubalulekile ngemuva:

• Ukushintsha ama-diaper
• Ukusebenzisa indlu yokugezela
• Ukondla izingane
• Ukuphatha izinto ezingcolile

Ukugcina indawo ehlanzekile kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanza izindawo ezithintwa njalo kanye nezinto kulo lonke ikhaya. Izindawo ezidinga ukunakwa ngokukhethekile zihlanganisa:

• Izibambo zeminyango
• Izilawuli kude
• Ikhabethe liyadonsa
• Izibambo zesiqandisi

Imindeni enakekela abantu abangenwe yileli gciwane kufanele isebenzise izindlela eziqondile zokuvimbela. Umuntu othintekile udinga ukubekwa yedwa egumbini elinomoya omuhle kuze kube yilapho izimpawu ziba ngcono.

Isiphetho

I-Herpangina ihlala iyisimo esilawulekayo naphezu kwezimpawu zayo ezingakhululekile kanye nemvelo ethathelwanayo kakhulu. Nakuba ukutheleleka ngokuyinhloko kuthinta izingane ezincane, ukuqonda okufanele kanye nesinyathelo esisheshayo kunganciphisa kakhulu umthelela wako ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Abazali nabanakekeli kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi izimo eziningi zixazulula ngokwemvelo phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10 ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu.

Ukunakwa ngokucophelela ku-hydration, ukuphathwa kobuhlungu, nokuphumula okufanele kufakazela kubalulekile phakathi nesikhathi sokululama. Odokotela bagcizelela ukuthi nakuba imithi elwa namagciwane inganikezi nzuzo kulokhu kutheleleka ngegciwane, ukulandela iziqondiso ezituswayo zokudla nokugcina imikhuba emihle yenhlanzeko kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka kwayo.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Ivamise kangakanani i-herpangina?

I-Herpangina ivamise ukuvela kubantwana nasezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-10 ubudala, nokuvela okuphezulu phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo nasekwindla. Lesi simo sibonisa umsebenzi ophakeme ezindaweni zemfundo, usakazeka ngokushesha ezikhungweni zokunakekela izingane kanye nezikole lapho izingane zigcina ukuxhumana okuseduze.

2. I-herpangina iwuthinta kanjani umzimba wengane?

Leli gciwane lithinta amasistimu omzimba amaningi, libangele amaqhuqhuva amancane afana namabhamuza emlonyeni, athinta kakhulu ingemuva lomphimbo nophahla lomlomo. Lezi zilonda ezibuhlungu zivame ukuholela ekwehliseni isifiso sokudla kanye nobunzima bokugwinya. Izingane zingase zibe buthakathaka kwemisipha, ubunzima bokuphefumula, futhi, kwezinye izimo, ubuhlungu beqolo. Lesi simo ngokuvamile sibangela ukushisa okukhulu okufika ku-106°F (41°C).

3. I-herpangina ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Izingane eziningi zithola ukuthuthuka kwezimpawu phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-7-10. Kuso sonke lesi sikhathi, abantu abangenwe yileli gciwane bahlala bethathelwana, okungenzeka basakaze leli gciwane amasonto amathathu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokutheleleka kokuqala. Isikhathi se-incubation ngokuvamile sithatha izinsuku ezingu-3-5 phakathi kokuchayeka kanye nokuqala kwezimpawu.

4. Yikuphi ukudla okulungele i-herpangina?

Ukudla okukhethekile kusiza ekululameni futhi kunikeza induduzo:

• Amaprotheni athambile, angenalutho:
  • Inyama yomhlabathi
  • Amaqanda axoviwe
  • Isaladi yenkukhu
• Imikhiqizo yobisi epholile:
  • Ubisi olubandayo
  • Iyogathi engenalutho
  • Ukhilimu oyiqhwa
• Ama-carbohydrate alula:
  • Izinkwa ezithambile
  • Okusanhlamvu okuphekiwe
  • Amazambane acubuziwe

Iziguli kufanele zigweme ukudla okune-asidi, okubabayo, noma okushisayo okungase kucasule izilonda zomlomo.

UDkt. Chaitanya Challa

I-MBBS, MD (Imithi Yangaphakathi), PDCC (Ukunakekelwa Okubalulekile), i-FCCS (Ukunakekelwa Okubalulekile), iDiploma ku-Endocrinology kanye nesifo sikashukela
CARE Hospitals Outpatient Centre, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529