Hydrocephalus

I-Hydrocephalus, isimo esithinta abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, yenzeka lapho uketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal lunqwabelana emigodini yobuchopho. Lokhu kwakheka kubangela ingcindezi ngaphakathi kogebhezi, okuholela ezimpawu ezihlukahlukene kanye nezinkinga ezingase zibe khona. Ukuqonda i-hydrocephalus kubalulekile ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi kanye nokuphathwa ngempumelelo kwalesi sifo esiyinkimbinkimbi sezinzwa. 

Iyini i-Hydrocephalus? 

IHydrocephalus yisimo sezinzwa esibonakala ngokunqwabelana koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) kuma-ventricles obuchopho. Ama-ventricles ayimigodi ejulile ngaphakathi kobuchopho ngokuvamile equkethe i-CSF. Lapho uketshezi oluningi lunqwabelana, kubangela ukuba ama-ventricles akhule, abeke ingcindezi engafanele ezicutshini zobuchopho ezizungezile. Lokhu kucindezela kuthinta ukusebenza kobuchopho futhi kungaholela ezimpawu ezihlukahlukene. 

Izinhlobo ze-Hydrocephalus 

I-Hydrocephalus ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana ngokusekelwe kumbangela kanye nendawo yokwakhiwa kwe-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): 

• I-Communicating Hydrocephalus: Lolu hlobo lwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwe-CSF kuvinjiwe ngemva kokushiya ama-ventricles. Kulolu hlobo, i-CSF isengakwazi ukuhamba phakathi kwama-ventricles, ahlala evulekile. 
• I-Hydrocephalus Engaxhumani: Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi i-obstructive hydrocephalus, okwenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwe-CSF kuvinjwe emgudwini owodwa noma ngaphezulu emincane exhuma ama-ventricles. Isizathu esivamile i-aqueductal stenosis, ukufinyela komsele wamanzi kaSylvius (umgudu omncane phakathi kwe-ventricles yesithathu neyesine). 
• I-Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH): I-NPH iwuhlobo lokuxhumana lwe-hydrocephalus olungathinta abantu banoma iyiphi iminyaka kodwa luvame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Kungase kubangele izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukopha kwe-subarachnoid, ukuhlukumezeka kwekhanda, ukutheleleka, isimila, noma izinkinga zokuhlinzwa. 
• Ezinye izigaba ze-hydrocephalus: 
  • I-Congenital Hydrocephalus: Ikhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane futhi ingase ibangelwe izehlakalo noma amathonya phakathi nokukhula kombungu noma ukungalungi kofuzo. 
  • I-Acquired Hydrocephalus: Lolu hlobo lukhula kamuva ekuphileni, lungathinta abantu bayo yonke iminyaka, futhi lungabangelwa ukulimala noma izifo. 
  • I-Hydrocephalus ex-vacuo ingenye indlela ethinta kakhulu abantu abadala. Kwenzeka lapho unhlangothi, izifo eziwohlokayo zithanda Isifo i-Alzheimer noma okunye ukuwohloka komqondo, noma ukulimala okulimazayo kubangela izicubu zobuchopho ukuba zishwabane... 

Izimpawu ze-Hydrocephalus

Izimpawu ze-hydrocephalus ziyahlukahluka futhi zincike eminyakeni yomuntu ngamunye kanye nembangela eyisisekelo yesimo. Ezinsaneni, uphawu oluphawuleka kakhulu ngokuvamile ikhanda elikhulu ngokungavamile. Abazali bangase baqaphele ukuthi ikhanda lengane yabo libonakala likhula ngokushesha kunomzimba wabo wonke. 

Ezinye izimpawu ezinganeni zingabandakanya: 

• Ukuqunjelwa kwe-fontanelle (indawo ethambile engaphezulu kwekhanda) 
• Imithambo egqamile ekhanda 
• Ukubheka phansi kwamehlo, okwaziwa nangokuthi "amehlo ashona ilanga." 
• Ukucasuka nokukhala ngokweqile 
• Ukuphakela kahle kanye oluhlanzayo 
• ukuquleka 
• Ukulala noma ukuntula ukuqapha 

Ezinganeni ezikhulile nakubantu abadala, izimpawu zingaba ezicashile futhi zithuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise: 

• Kunzima futhi ikhanda elibuhlungu njalo 
• I-nausea nokuhlanza 
• Ukubona okufiphele noma okukabili 
• Izinkinga zokulinganisela nobunzima bokuhamba 
• Ukungaxhumani kahle nokungaqondi kahle 
• I-incontinence yomchamo noma isidingo esivamile sokuchama 
• Izinkinga zenkumbulo nobunzima bokugxila 
• Izinguquko zobuntu kanye nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo 
• Ukukhathala nokulala 

Ezimweni ze-hydrocephalus yengcindezi evamile, evame ukuthinta abantu abadala, izimpawu zivame ukulandela iphethini ethile eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-triad": 

• Ubunzima bokuhamba, okuvame ukuchazwa ngokuthi "ukuhamba kazibuthe" noma ukushova 
• Ukulahlekelwa ukulawula isinye noma isidingo esiphuthumayo, esiphuthumayo sokuchama 
• Ukuncipha kwengqondo, njengezinkinga zenkumbulo, ukucabanga okunensayo, nobunzima bokuxazulula izinkinga 

Izinkinga ze-Hydrocephalus 

Izimbangela ze-Hydrocephalus zingahlukaniswa zibe izici zokuzalwa nezitholiwe, ngayinye ibe nomthelela ekwakhekeni koketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) kuma-ventricles obuchopho. Izimbangela zokuzalwa ze-hydrocephalus zikhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa futhi zingase zibe yizici zofuzo noma izinkinga zokukhula phakathi nokukhulelwa. Ezinye zezizathu ezivamile zokuzalwa ze-hydrocephalus zihlanganisa: 

• Ukukhubazeka kwe-Neural tube 
• I-Aqueductal stenosis 
• I-Dandy-Walker syndrome 
• Chiari malformation 

Izimbangela ezitholiwe zikhula ngemva kokuzalwa futhi zingathinta abantu banoma iyiphi iminyaka. Lezi zimbangela zihlanganisa: 

• Izimila zobuchopho ezithikameza ukugeleza kwe-CSF 
• Ukulimala ekhanda noma ukuhlukumezeka 
• Ukutheleleka kwesimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi, njenge-meningitis 
• Ukopha ebuchosheni (i-intraventricular hemorrhage) 
• Stroke noma ezinye izinkinga zemithambo yegazi 

Indlela eyisisekelo ye-hydrocephalus ibandakanya ukungalingani ekukhiqizeni, ekugelezeni, noma ekumunceni kwe-CSF. Lokhu kungalingani kungenzeka ngenxa yalokhu: 

• Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-CSF (okungavamile) 
• Ukuvinjelwa kokujikeleza kwe-CSF ngaphakathi kwesistimu ye-ventricular 
• Ukungenwa kahle kwe-CSF egazini 

Izingozi ze-Hydrocephalus 

Kunezici eziningana ezingandisa amathuba okuthuthukisa i-hydrocephalus, njenge: 

• Izingane ezinomlando womndeni wokukhubazeka kwe-neural tube, njenge-spina bifida 
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi 
• Ukutheleleka komama okufana ne-toxoplasmosis, i-cytomegalovirus, i-rubella, ne-syphilis ngesikhathi ukukhulelwa 
• Izimila zobuchopho, ikakhulukazi lezo eziseduze nama-ventricles 
• Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi lokho okuholela ekopheni ngaphakathi kobuchopho 
• Izifo ezithile ezithinta isimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi, njenge-meningitis noma i-cysticercosis, 
• Ubudala buyingozi yengcindezi evamile ye-hydrocephalus (NPH). 

Izinkinga ze-Hydrocephalus 

Enye yezinkinga eziyinhloko ze-hydrocephalus ukulimala kobuchopho. Ukucindezela okukhulayo ngaphakathi kogebhezi kungacindezela izicubu zobuchopho ezithambile, kuphazamise ukusebenza ezindaweni ezithintekile. Ezinye izinkinga yilezi: 

• I-Hydrocephalus nayo ingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwemoto, okuholela ezinkingeni zokuxhumanisa, ibhalansi, namakhono amahle emoto. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lokhu kungaholela ekukhubazekeni okuyingxenye noma okuphelele. 
• Izinkinga zembono 
• ukuquleka 
• Izinguquko ezingokomzwelo nezokuziphatha 
• Ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane, i-hydrocephalus ingaba nemiphumela emibi ekukhuleni. 
• Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele, i-hydrocephalus ingaba yingozi empilweni. 

Sifo 

Inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile iqala ngokuhlola kahle izimpawu ze-hydrocephalus yesiguli. 

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba okujwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwemizwa kulandela lokhu. 
• Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezinzwa, udokotela uhlola isimo semisipha, ukunyakaza, amakhono ezinzwa, kanye nomsebenzi wonke wezinzwa. Ukuhlola okuqondile okwenziwayo kungase kuhluke kuye ngeminyaka yesiguli. 
• Ucwaningo lwe-imaging luhlinzeka ngemibono enemininingwane yesakhiwo sobuchopho futhi lungaveza ama-ventricles akhulisiwe okubangelwa uketshezi oluningi lwe-cerebrospinal. Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokuthwebula izithombe zihlanganisa: 
  • ultrasound 
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 
  • I-Computed Tomography (CT) scan 
• Ngokungeziwe kulokhu kuhlolwa kwezithombe, odokotela bangasebenzisa amanye amathuluzi okuxilonga, ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezikhulile. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise: 
  • I-Spinal tap (i-lumbar puncture) 
  • I-Intracranial pressure monitoring (ICP) 
  • Ukuhlolwa kwe-Fundoscopic 

Ukwelashwa kwe-Hydrocephalus 

Ukwelashwa kwe-Hydrocephalus kuhloswe ukunciphisa ingcindezi ye-hydrocephalus ebuchosheni ebangelwa i-CSF eyeqile. Izinqubo zokuhlinzwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha lesi simo yilezi: 

• I-Shunt Surgery: Kuyindlela evamile yokwelapha i-hydrocephalus. Kuhilela ukutshala ishubhu elincanyana elibizwa ngokuthi i-shunt ebuchosheni, elivumela i-CSF eyeqile ukuthi igeleze isuka ebuchosheni iye kwenye ingxenye yomzimba. 
• I-Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV): Kule nqubo, odokotela abahlinzayo benza imbobo phansi ebuchosheni ukuze bavumele i-CSF evaleleke ukuba ibalekele endaweni yobuchopho ukuze imunce. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela 

Ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo kufanele kufunwe ngokushesha uma usana noma ingane encane ibonisa: 

• Ukhale njalo ngephimbo eliphezulu 
• Izinkinga ngokumunca noma ukuncelisa 
• Ukuhlanza okuphindelelayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo 
• ukuquleka 

Ezinganeni ezindala, izimpawu ezidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha zihlanganisa: 

• Ikhanda elibuhlungu elibeleselayo 
• I-nausea nokuhlanza 
• Izinkinga zembono 
• Ukubambezeleka kwentuthuko 

Abantu abadala abahlangabezana nalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo kufanele babonane nodokotela: 

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda obungapheli 
• I-nausea nokuhlanza 
• Izinkinga zembono 
• Ukukhathala ngokweqile 
• Izinkinga ngokulinganisela nokuxhumana 
• Ukulahlekelwa inkumbulo yesikhashana 
• Ubunzima bokuhamba (ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba) 
• Ukuwohloka komqondo okuncane 
• Ukukhohlwa 
• Ukulahlekelwa ukulawula isinye 

Ukuvimbela I-Hydrocephalus 

Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukuvimbela ngokuphelele i-hydrocephalus, kunezindlela abantu abanganciphisa ngazo ingozi yokuthuthukisa lesi simo, njenge: 

• Omama abakhulelwe kufanele baye njalo ukuhlolwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwabo. 
• Imithi yokugomela izifo kanye nezifo ezihlotshaniswa ne-hydrocephalus. 
• Ukusebenzisa okokuvikela okufanelekile, njengezigqoko zokuzivikela, ngesikhathi semisebenzi efana nokuhamba ngebhayisikili 
• Hlala ubophe ibhande ngenkathi usemotweni. 
• Izihlalo zemoto, izinqola, nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa izingane kufanele zihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuphepha. 

Isiphetho 

Nakuba ukuvimbela kungenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, Ungathatha izinyathelo ezimbalwa zokuvimbela ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-hydrocephalus. Ukunakekelwa okuvamile kwangaphambi kokubeletha, ukugoma, nezinyathelo zokuphepha kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni izingozi zalesi simo. Kulabo abatholakala bene-hydrocephalus, ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqhubekayo kanye nokuqapha njalo kuyadingeka ukuze kube nemiphumela engcono kakhulu kanye nezinga lempilo. 

FAQ sika

1. Ingabe i-hydrocephalus ingazihambela yodwa? 

I-Hydrocephalus ayihambi yodwa futhi idinga ukwelashwa okukhethekile. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa, i-hydrocephalus ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinzima futhi ibulale. 

2. Ingabe i-hydrocephalus iyelapheka? 

Yebo, i-hydrocephalus iyelapheka. Lesi simo singalawulwa ngokuhlinzwa. 

3. Kungani amazinga e-cerebrospinal fluid enyuka? 

Ukwenyuka kwamazinga e-CSF kungenzeka ngenxa yalokhu okulandelayo: 

• Ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwe-CSF (okungavamile) 
• Ukuvinjelwa kokujikeleza kwe-CSF ngaphakathi kwesistimu ye-ventricular 
• Ukungenwa kahle kwe-CSF egazini 

4. Ingabe i-hydrocephalus ibuhlungu? 

I-Hydrocephalus ingabangela ubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ikhanda. Ubuhlungu obuzwiwayo buyahlukahluka futhi buncike ohlotsheni lwe-hydrocephalus kanye ne 
ubudala bomuntu othintekile. 

CARE Medical Team

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