I-Hyperparathyroidism

I-Hyperparathyroidism, isimo esithinta izindlala ze-parathyroid, ingabangela izimpawu eziningi ezingase zingabonakali iminyaka. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kwenzeka lapho lezi zindlala zikhiqiza i-hormone ye-parathyroid eningi, okuholela ekungalinganini kwamazinga e-calcium kuwo wonke umzimba. Ukuqonda i-hyperparathyroidism kubalulekile ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi kanye namasu okwelapha asebenzayo. Le bhulogi izochaza izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hyperparathyroidism, izimbangela zayo ezingaba khona, nezici zobungozi ezihlobene nalesi simo. 

Iyini i-Hyperparathyroidism? 

I-Hyperparathyroidism yenzeka lapho eyodwa noma eziningi zezindlala ze-parathyroid entanyeni yethu zikhiqiza i-hormone ye-parathyroid (PTH) eningi kakhulu. Lezi zindlala ezincane, ezingangenhlamvu yerayisi, zinendima ebalulekile ekugcineni i-calcium ibhalansi emzimbeni. Balawula amazinga e-calcium egazini, emathanjeni nakwezinye izicubu ngokukhipha i-PTH. 

Kodwa-ke, lapho izindlala ze-parathyroid zisebenza ngokweqile, zikhulula i-PTH eningi. Lokhu kuholela ekungalinganini kwamazinga e-calcium, ngokuvamile okuholela ku-hypercalcaemia (i-calcium ephezulu egazini), okuholela ekwakhiweni kwamathambo nezinye izimpawu zesistimu. 

Izinhlobo ze-Hyperparathyroidism 

I-Hyperparathyroidism inezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, ngayinye enezimbangela ezihlukile. 

• I-Hyperparathyroidism Eyinhloko: Iqala lapho izindlala ze-parathyroid eyodwa noma ezingaphezu kweyodwa zikhula kakhulu, zikhiphe i-PTH eningi. Lokhu kubangela ukwanda amazinga e-calcium egazini ngenxa yokwanda kokukhiqizwa kwe-calcitriol nokukhululwa kwe-calcium emathanjeni. 
• I-Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: I-hyperparathyroidism yesibili iqala lapho amazinga e-calcium ephansi noma i-vitamin D egazini ebangela ukuthi izindlala ze-parathyroid zikhiqize i-PTH eyengeziwe ukuze zivimbele ukuntula. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kubantu abane isifo sezinso. 
• I-Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism: Lolu hlobo lwe-hyperparathyroidism luvela ku-hyperparathyroidism yesibili ehlala isikhathi eside engaphenduli ekwelashweni. Kulokhu, zonke izindlala ezine ze-parathyroid ziyakhula futhi zikhiqize i-PTH ngokuqhubekayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izidingo zomzimba. Lokhu kubangela amazinga e-calcium aphezulu ngenxa yokukhululwa ngokweqile emathanjeni. 

Izimpawu kanye nezimpawu ze-Hyperparathyroidism 

I-Hyperparathyroidism ithinta abantu ngokuhlukile, abanye baba nezimpawu ezithambile noma abangenazo kuyilapho abanye bebhekene nezinkinga eziningi. Ubukhulu bezimpawu abuhlali buhambisana namazinga e-calcium egazini. Abanye abantu abanamazinga e-calcium aphakeme kancane bangase babe nezimpawu eziphawulekayo, kuyilapho abanye abanamazinga aphezulu bangase babe nezimpawu ezimbalwa noma bangabi nazo nhlobo. 

Lokhu okulandelayo yizimpawu ezijwayelekile ze-hyperparathyroidism: 

• Ukuzizwa ngikhathele 
• Uneme 
• Ukuvuthwa njalo 
• Imizwa iyashintsha, njengokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, noma ukucasuka 
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha 
• ukuqunjelwa 
• Ubuhlungu besisu 
• Ukulahlekelwa ukugxilisa ingqondo nokudideka okuncane 
• Izifo ezivamile ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. 

I-hyperparathyroidism eyinhloko ingaholela ezimpawu ezimbi kakhulu, njenge: 

• Amathambo abuthakathaka aphuka kalula (i-osteoporosis) 
• Amatshe ezinso 
• Ukuchama kakhulu 
• I-nausea nokuhlanza 
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso 

Izinkinga ze-Hyperparathyroidism 

I-Hyperparathyroidism inezimbangela ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngohlobo lwayo. 

• I-hyperparathyroidism eyinhloko ivame ukubangelwa isimila esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i-adenoma kwesinye sezindlala ze-parathyroid. Lokhu kukhula kukhuthaza indlala ukuthi ikhiqize ihomoni ye-parathyroid eyeqile (PTH). Kwezinye izimo, ukwanda (hyperplasia) kwezindlala ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kuholela ekukhiqizeni ngokweqile kwe-PTH. Akuvamile, umdlavuza we-parathyroid ungase ubangele i-hyperparathyroidism eyinhloko. 
• I-hyperparathyroidism yesibili ivame ukukhula ngenxa yezimo ezingaphansi. Isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona siyimbangela eyinhloko, njengoba sithinta umzimba we-vitamin D kanye namazinga e-calcium. Ukuntuleka okukhulu kwe-calcium noma i-vitamin D kungase kubangele i-hyperparathyroidism yesibili. Izindlala ze-parathyroid zikhiqiza i-PTH eyengeziwe ukuze kugcinwe ibhalansi ye-calcium efanelekile kulezi zimo. 
• I-hyperparathyroidism yezinga eliphezulu yenzeka lapho i-hyperparathyroidism ethathe isikhathi eside ikhona ibangela ukuthi izindlala zisebenze ngokweqile unomphela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingakanani i-calcium edingekayo emzimbeni. 

Izingozi Zezingozi 

Kunezici eziningi ezingenza umuntu abe sengozini yokuthola i-hyperparathyroidism, okuhlanganisa: 

• Abesifazane, ikakhulukazi labo asebedlule esikhathini sokunqamuka kokuya esikhathini 
• Ubudala nabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 
• I-calcium ende, eqinile noma ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin D 
• Ukukhuluphala nokungasebenzi ngokomzimba 
• Ukwelashwa kwamafutha ngenxa yomdlavuza wentamo 
• Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi ethile, kuhlanganise ne-lithium ye-bipolar disorder kanye ne-furosemide 
• Izici zofuzo, njengezifo ezingavamile ezizuzwa njengefa njenge-multiple endocrine neoplasia uhlobo 1 

Izinkinga ze-Hyperparathyroidism 

I-Hyperparathyroidism ingaholela ezinkingeni eziningi zezempilo ezinzima. Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ye-calcium eningi egazini kanye ne-calcium eyanele emathanjeni kubangela izinkinga eziningi, njenge: 

• Kwamathambo (amathambo abuthakathaka futhi aphuka kalula) ngokuvamile umphumela wokulahlekelwa i-calcium emathanjeni. 
• Amatshe ezinso angase akheke ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu e-calcium emchameni, okubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu njengoba edlula emgudwini womchamo. 
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo, ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zesifo senhliziyo, ziye zahlotshaniswa namazinga e-calcium aphakeme, nakuba isixhumanisi esiqondile sihlala singacacile. 
• Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe abane-hyperparathyroidism enzima kakhulu engelashiwe, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zingase zibe namazinga e-calcium aphansi ngokuyingozi, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi i-neonatal hypoparathyroidism. 
• Ukwengeza, i-calcium buildup ingabangela izilonda zesikhumba kanye nezifo futhi ingaba nomthelela ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo nokushaywa unhlangothi. 

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hyperparathyroidism 

Ukuxilonga i-hyperparathyroidism, odokotela bangenza izinyathelo zokuxilonga ezilandelayo: 

• Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi: Ukukala amazinga eCalcium ne-PTH egazini 
• Ukuhlola Ukuminyana Kwamaminerali Amathambo: Ukubona ukuthi ingabe unesifo sokukhumuzeka kwamathambo, Ukuhlola okwenziwa kakhulu ukukala ukuminyana kwamaminerali amathambo yi-double-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). 
• Ukuhlaziywa Komchamo kwamahora angu-24: Ikala ukuthi izinso zisebenza kahle kangakanani nokuthi ingakanani i-calcium edluliselwa emchamweni wakho. 
• Ukuhlolwa Kwesithombe: Odokotela bangase benze i-ultrasound, i-sestamibi scans, noma i-CT scan ukuze bathole izindlala ze-parathyroid ezisebenza ngokweqile noma izimila ze-parathyroid. 

Ukwelashwa kwe-Hyperparathyroidism 

Izinketho zokwelapha ze-hyperparathyroidism zincike ohlotsheni nobukhulu besimo. 

• Ukungenelela Ngokuhlinzwa: Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela yokwelapha evamile futhi ephumelelayo ye-hyperparathyroidism eyinhloko, enikeza ikhambi ezimweni eziningi. Udokotela ohlinzayo ususa kuphela izindlala ezikhulisiwe noma ezinamathumba, okushiya izicubu ezithile ze-parathyroid ezisebenzayo. 
• Ukuqapha: Ukuphathwa kwezokwelapha kungenye indlela yalabo abangakwazi ukuhlinzwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulinda okuqaphile nokuqapha njalo amazinga e-calcium nokuminyana kwamathambo. 
• Ukwelashwa Kwezokwelapha kwe-Hyperparathyroidism: Imithi efana ne-calcimimetics ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ngokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwehomoni ye-parathyroid. Ukwelashwa esikhundleni sama-hormone kungase kuzuze abesifazane abangemva kokuya esikhathini abane-osteoporosis, kuyilapho ama-bisphosphonates engavimbela ukulahlekelwa kwe-calcium emathanjeni. 
• I-Vitamin D: Ku-hyperparathyroidism yesibili, ukwelashwa kugxile ekulawuleni izimo ezingaphansi futhi kungase kuhilele izithako ze-vitamin D kanye nemithi yokulinganisa amazinga e-calcium ne-phosphorus. 

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela 

Uma uba nezimpawu ze-hyperparathyroidism noma une-calcium ephezulu egazini, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela. Bangase batuse ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe, njengokuqoqwa komchamo wamahora angu-24, ukuze kutholakale imbangela. Kulabo abanezinye izimo zezempilo ezandisa ingozi ye-hyperparathyroidism, ukuxoxa ngezimpawu ezingase zibe khona nodokotela kubalulekile. 

Prevention 

Nakuba i-hyperparathyroidism eyinhloko ayikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngokuphelele, izinyathelo ezithile zingaphatha ngokuphumelelayo lesi simo futhi zinciphise ingozi yezinkinga, kuhlanganise: 

• Abantu kufanele baqaphe ukudla kwabo kwe-calcium ne-vitamin D, kuhloswe ukuthola amanani anconyiwe ansuku zonke. 
• Ukuhlala unamanzi ngokuphuza inani elifanele lamanzi kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yamatshe ezinso. 
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo, ikakhulukazi ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla, kugcina amathambo aqinile. 
• Ukuyeka ukubhema kubalulekile, ngoba kungandisa ukulahleka kwamathambo. 

Isiphetho 

I-Hyperparathyroidism ithinta kakhulu impilo yonke, ithinta amazinga e-calcium kuwo wonke umzimba. Nakuba ngokuvamile unganakwa, lesi simo singaholela ezinkingeni eziningi uma singelashwa. Ukuqonda izinhlobo zayo, izimpawu, nezimbangela kubalulekile ukuze ubone izimpawu zakuqala futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngesikhathi. Izinketho zokwelapha, kusukela ekuhlinzweni kuye emithini, zinikeza ithemba lokuphatha lesi sifo ngempumelelo. 

FAQ sika 

1. Iyini imbangela ehamba phambili ye-hyperparathyroidism? 

Isizathu esiyinhloko se-hyperparathyroidism eyinhloko ngokuvamile ukukhuliswa noma i-benign tumor (i-adenoma) ku-gland ye-parathyroid eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Lokhu kuholela ekukhiqizeni ngokweqile kwe-hormone ye-parathyroid. I-hyperparathyroidism yesibili ngokuvamile ibangelwa isifo sezinso esingamahlalakhona, esithinta umzimba we-vitamin D namazinga e-calcium. 

2. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-hyperthyroidism ne-hyperparathyroidism? 

I-Hyperparathyroidism ihilela amazinga aphezulu e-calcium egazini ngenxa yokusebenza ngokweqile kwezindlala ze-parathyroid, kuyilapho i-hyperthyroidism ibangela amahomoni e-thyroid aphakeme, asheshisa imisebenzi yomzimba. 

3. Nginganciphisa kanjani i-hyperparathyroidism? 

Ukuze ulawule i-hyperparathyroidism, gcina i-hydration efanele futhi uqinisekise ukudla okwanele kwe-vitamin D. Ezimweni ezithambile, odokotela bangase bancome ukulinda okuqaphile ngokuqapha okuvamile. Izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa ukuhlinzwa ukuze kukhishwe izindlala ezithintekile, imithi yokunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwehomoni ye-parathyroid kanye nokwelashwa okushintshwa kwama-hormone kwabesifazane abangemva kokuya esikhathini abane-osteoporosis. 

4. Ubani osengozini enkulu ye-hyperparathyroidism? 

Abesifazane, ikakhulukazi labo asebedlule kukho menopause, babhekene nengozi enkulu ye-hyperparathyroidism. Ezinye izici eziyingozi zihlanganisa ubudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-60, ukuntula i-calcium okuqinile noma uvithamini D isikhathi eside, ukukhuluphala, kanye nezifo ezithile zofuzo. Abantu abaye bathola ukwelashwa ngemisebe yomdlavuza wentamo noma ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwe-lithium ye-bipolar disorder nabo basengozini enkulu. 

5. Ingabe kufanele ngigweme i-calcium nge-hyperparathyroidism? 

Ngokuphambene nalokho umuntu angase akulindele, ukukhawulela ukudla kwe-calcium akunconywa kubantu abane-hyperparathyroidism. Abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-19-50 kanye namadoda angu-51-70 kufanele bahlose u-1,000 mg we-calcium nsuku zonke, kuyilapho abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-51 nabesilisa abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-71 badinga i-1,200 mg. 

6. Yiluphi uhla olujwayelekile lwe-hyperparathyroidism? 

Uhlu olujwayelekile lwe-parathyroid hormone (PTH) luyi-10 kuya ku-55 picograms ngemililitha ngayinye (pg/mL). 

UDkt. Sandeep Kharkar

MBBS, MD (Int Med),PGCC (Rheumatology)
I-Ganga CARE Hospital Limited, eNagpur

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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