Uchoko

Uchoko, isifo esidala esigubuzelwe ukucwaswa kanye nemibono eyiphutha, sekuyiminyaka eminingi siyingxenye yomlando wesintu. Naphezu kokuba khona isikhathi eside, lesi simo esithathelwanayo sisalokhu singaqondwa kahle, sibangela ukwesaba nokuhlukaniswa kwabathintekile. Kule bhulogi enemininingwane, sihlose ukukukhanyisela ngochoko, ukuqeda izinganekwane, futhi sikunikeze ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze uqonde futhi ulwe nalesi sifo esilaphekayo.

Buyini Uchoko?

Uchoko, olubizwa nangokuthi isifo sika-Hansen, yisifo esithathelwanayo esingalapheki esithinta kakhulu isikhumba, umgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu, izinzwa ze-peripheral, kanye namehlo. Isici esiyinhloko esiyimbangela i-bacterium i-Mycobacterium leprae, enekhono elimangalisayo lokugwema amasosha omzimba futhi iqhubeke kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi. Naphezu kokucwaswa kwawo, uchoko alandeli kakhulu futhi bungaphathwa ngohlelo olufanele lokwelapha.

Izinhlobo Zochoko

NgokweWorld Health Organization (WHO), kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zochoko:

• I-Paucibacillary Leprosy (PB): Leli fomu elithambile lithatha cishe u-70% wezimo. Ibonakala ngezilonda zesikhumba ezingaphansi kwezinhlanu kanye nokusabela okuqinile kokuzivikela komzimba.
• Uchoko lwe-Multibacillary (MB): Leli fomu elibi kakhulu libandakanya izilonda eziningi zesikhumba kanye nokusabela okubuthakathaka kwamasosha omzimba, okuvumela amagciwane ukuthi asakazeke kalula kuwo wonke umzimba.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Ridley-Jopling kunikeza izigaba ezinemininingwane eminingi:

• Uchoko Lwe-Tuberculoid (TT): Lolu hlobo luhilela izilonda ezimbalwa zesikhumba eziyisicaba ezichazwe kahle, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, kanye nokusabela okuqinile kokuzivikela komzimba, okunamagciwane ambalwa akhona. Ukubandakanyeka kwemizwa ye-peripheral kuvame uchoko lwe-tuberculoid.
• I-Borderline Tuberculoid Leprosy (BT): Izilonda ezifana ne-tuberculoid kodwa ezinezilonda eziningi kanye nokubandakanyeka okuncane kwemizwa. Ingabuyela ohlotsheni lochoko lwe-tuberculoid noma ingase ithuthukele esimweni esithuthukisiwe.
• I-Mid-borderline Leprosy (BB): Izilonda eziningi ezinsomi ezinamazinga ahlukene okubandakanyeka kwezinzwa. Ingashintshela kumafomu e-tuberculoid noma ane-lepromatous futhi ibe nokusabela okubuthakathaka kokuzivikela komzimba.
• Uchoko Lwe-Borderline Lepromatous (BL): Izilonda eziningi zesikhumba ezinokwakheka nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kanye nokubandakanyeka okubalulekile kwemizwa. Umthwalo webhaktheriya ophakeme kanye nokusabela okubuthakathaka kokuzivikela komzimba.
• I-Lepromatous Leprosy (LL): Izilonda eziningi ezisabalele futhi ezilinganayo ezinezimpendulo zamasosha omzimba ezibuthakathaka kakhulu. I-LL ingase futhi ibangele ukukhubazeka, umthwalo ophezulu webhaktheriya kanye nokulimala okukhulu kwezinzwa.

Izimpawu Zochoko

Izimpawu nezimpawu zesifo esithathelwanayo sochoko zingahluka futhi zincike ohlotsheni kanye nesigaba sesifo. Ezinye izimpawu ezivamile zochoko okufanele uziqaphele zihlanganisa:

• Izilonda zesikhumba noma amabala anokuzwela okuncishisiwe noma ukuba ndikindiki
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukukhubazeka, ikakhulukazi ezandleni nasezinyaweni
• Ukuminyana emakhaleni noma ukopha
• Isikhumba esijiyile noma esishintshe umbala, ikakhulukazi ebusweni, ezandleni nasezinyaweni
• Ukujiya kwemizwa yangaphandle, ikakhulukazi ezindololwaneni nasemadolweni
• Izinkinga zamehlo, njengokoma, ukucwayiza ukuncipha, i-lagophthalmos (ukungakwazi ukuvala amajwabu amehlo ngokuphelele), noma ukonakala kombono
• Umkhuhlane kanye nomuzwa ojwayelekile wokugula

Ziyini Izimbangela Zesifo Sochoko?

Ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya, i-Mycobacterium leprae, kubangela uchoko. Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokusondelana nomuntu ongelashiwe onefomu elithathelwanayo. Amagciwane angangena emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa imigudu yokuphefumula noma isikhumba esiphukile.

Nakuba uchoko bungatheleleki kakhulu, izici ezithile zingandisa ingozi yokutheleleka, okuhlanganisa:

• Ubumpofu nezimo zokuphila ezimbi
• Ukuhlala eduze nomuntu onochoko
• Ukungondleki kahle kanye namasosha omzimba abuthakathaka
• Isakhi sofuzo
• Uchoko lungathinta abantu banoma iyiphi iminyaka, kodwa izingane zingenwa yilesi sifo kunabantu abadala.

Ukuxilongwa Kochoko

Ukuhlonza uchoko kungaba yinselele ngenxa yokukhula kancane kwaso kanye nezimpawu ezihlukahlukene. Odokotela bavame ukuthembela kwinhlanganisela yezindlela zokuxilonga, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukuhlola Umzimba: Ukuhlola izilonda zesikhumba, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, nokubandakanyeka kwezinzwa.
• I-Skin Smear Test: Ukuhlola isampula yesikhumba noma yamakhala ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze kutholwe ubukhona bamagciwane anochoko.
• I-Biopsy: Odokotela bathatha isampula lethishu elincane ukuze bahlaziye elabhorethri ukuze baqinisekise ukuxilongwa.

Ukwelashwa Kochoko

Uchoko buyelapheka, futhi ukuhlonzwa kusenesikhathi nokwelashwa kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjwe izinkinga nokukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside. Ukwelashwa kwesifo sochoko kubandakanya inhlanganisela ye kwemithi elwa namagciwane.

Isikhathi sokwelashwa ngemithi yochoko siyahlukahluka futhi kuya ngohlobo lochoko kanye nobukhulu bokutheleleka. Uchoko lwe-Paucibacillary ngokuvamile lwelashwa izinyanga eziyisi-6 kuye kweziyi-12, kanti uchoko lwe-multibacillary lungase ludinge kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingama-24.

Ngaphezu kwama-antibiotics, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezisekelayo zingadingeka, njenge:

• Ukwelashwa Kwemvelo: Ukwenza ngcono ukuhamba nokuvimbela ukukhubazeka okwengeziwe.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kokuvuselela: Ukulungisa ukukhubazeka noma ukubuyisela ukusebenza ezindaweni ezithintekile.
• Ukwelulekwa Nokusekela: Ukubhekana nomthelela wesifo ngokwengqondo nangokwenhlalo.

Izinkinga Zochoko

Uma kungelashwa, uchoko bungaholela ezinkingeni eziningana, njenge:

• Ukulimala Kwezinzwa: Ukulimala kwezinzwa isikhathi eside kungabangela ukuba ndikindiki, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, nokukhubazeka, okuholela ekukhubazekeni unomphela.
• Ukukhubazeka: Uchoko olungalashwa lungabangela ukukhubazeka kwezandla, ezinyaweni, nezici zobuso ngenxa yokulimala kwezinzwa nokubhujiswa kwezicubu.
• Izinkinga zamehlo: Ukulimala kwemizwa ehlinzeka amehlo kungaholela ekukhubazekeni kokubona noma ubumpumputhe.
• Ukucwaswa Komphakathi Nokucwasa: Uchoko ngokomlando beluhlotshaniswa nokucwaswa okuphawulekayo komphakathi, okungaholela ekuhlukaniseni abanye kanye nokubandlululwa kwalabo abathintekile.

Ukuvimbela Uchoko

Ukuvimbela ukubhebhetheka kochoko kubalulekile ekulawuleni lesi sifo. Nazi izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuvimbela:

• Ukuhlonzwa Kusenesikhathi Nokwelashwa: Ukuxilongwa ngokushesha kanye nokwelashwa okufanele kwezimo ezinochoko kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukudluliswa okuqhubekayo.
• Ukulandela Umkhondo Nokuhlola Othintana Naye: Ukuhlonza kanye nokuhlola abathintwayo abaseduze beziguli ezinochoko kungasiza ukuhlonza nokwelapha izigameko ezintsha kusenesikhathi.
• Izimo Zokuphila Ezithuthukisiwe: Ukubhekana nezici ezinjengokuminyana kwabantu, ukukhucululwa kwendle, nokungondleki kahle kunganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka.
• Ukuqwashisa Nemfundo: Ukuqwashisa ngochoko, izimpawu zabo, nokubaluleka kokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekwehliseni ukucwaswa okuhambisana nesifo sochoko futhi kukhuthaze abantu ukuthi bafune usizo lwezempilo.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha:

• Izilonda esikhumbeni eziqhubekayo noma amabala angathi ndikindiki noma angezwani
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma ukuluma ezandleni, izinyawo, noma izitho
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukukhubazeka
• Izinkinga zamehlo, njengokoma, ububomvu, noma ukungaboni kahle
• Ukuminyana emakhaleni noma ukopha
• Izinzwa ezikhulisiwe noma eziqinisiwe

Isiphetho

Uchoko yisifo eselaphekayo nesivikelekayo, kodwa kuseyinselelo enkulu yezempilo yomphakathi ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba. Ngokuqwashisa, ngokugqugquzela ukuxilonga nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi, kanye nokubhekana nokucwaswa kwezenhlalo okuhlobene nalesi sifo, singasebenzela ekuqedeni uchoko nokwenza ngcono izimpilo zalabo abathintekile.

FAQ sika

1. Ingabe uchoko lusekhona?

Yebo, uchoko lusekhona ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka. Nokho, ukwanda kochoko emhlabeni wonke kwehle kakhulu ngenxa yezinhlelo zokwelapha ezisebenzayo kanye nezimo zokuphila ezithuthukisiwe.

2. Buthelelana kangakanani uchoko?

Uchoko lunezinga eliphansi lokutheleleka futhi alutheleleki kakhulu. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka lapho abantu besondelene namacala angelashiwe isikhathi eside. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, ingozi yokutheleleka iyancipha kakhulu.

3. Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ekwelashweni kochoko?

Isikhathi sokwelashwa kochoko siyahlukahluka futhi kuncike ohlotsheni nobukhulu besifo. Uchoko lwe-Paucibacillary ngokuvamile lwelashwa izinyanga eziyisi-6 kuye kweziyi-12, kanti uchoko lwe-multibacillary lungase ludinge ukwelashwa okufika ezinyangeni ezingama-24. Ukululama nokuvuselela kungase kuthathe isikhathi eside, kuye ngezinga lokulimala kwezinzwa nokukhubazeka.

4. Uchoko lwenziwa kanjani?

Uchoko lusakazwa ngamaconsi okuphefumula avela kumuntu onaleli gciwane noma ukuthintana okuseduze isikhathi eside namacala angelashiwe. Nokho, indlela eqondile yokudluliselwa kwesifo ayiqondwa ngokugcwele. Izinto ezinjengokuminyana, izimo ezingezinhle zokuphila, nokungondleki kungandisa ingozi yokutheleleka.

CARE Medical Team

14