Onychomycosis

Uyazi ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-fungal kungenzeka nasezinziphoni? Lesi sifo esibonakala singaziwa sithinta abantu abangaphezu kuka-10% emhlabeni kanti ingozi iyanda ngokuya ngeminyaka. 

I-Onychomycosis, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi isikhunta sezinzipho, yisimo esivamile esisukela enkingeni yezimonyo kuya ekuthelelekeni okukhulu okubangela ukulimala okukhulu kwezinzipho. Naphezu kokusabalala kwayo, abaningi abakushayi mkhuba ukubaluleka kokuqonda nokuxazulula le nkinga ngokushesha. Ukuqaphela izimpawu, ukwazi ukuthi yini ebangela ukhunta lwezinzipho, nokwazi izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo kungasiza ukuphatha ngisho nokuthola ikhambi elilungile lesikhunta sezinzipho. Ngobuningi bokubonakaliswa, kusukela ekushintsheni umbala kuya ekubhujisweni okuphelele kwezinzipho, i-onychomycosis iqinisekisa ukubhekisisa ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwayo nokuqinisekisa impilo yezinzipho zakho.
Le bhulogi icubungula ubunkimbinkimbi besikhunta sezinzipho i-onychomycosis, ihlanganisa izimpawu ezifana nesikhunta sezinzipho ezinzinzini, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zesikhunta sezinzipho, kanye nezimbangela eziwumsuka. 
 

Izimpawu ze-Nail fungus:

I-fungal nail infection eyaziwa ngokuthi i-onychomycosis ingase ingabangeli izimpawu ezibonakalayo ekuqaleni. Nokho, njengoba ukutheleleka kuqhubeka, kungabonakala ngezindlela eziningana:

• Ukushintsha Umbala Kwezinzipho: Izinzipho zingase zibe mhlophe, zibe mnyama, zibe phuzi, noma zibe luhlaza, okubonisa ukuba khona kwesikhunta.
• Ukuqina Kwezinzipho: Uzipho lungase lujiye futhi lube brittle, lwenza kube lula ukuqothuka noma ukuphuka.
• Umbhede Wezinzipho Nezinguquko Zesikhumba: Umbhede wezinzipho kanye nesikhumba esizungeze uzipho nakho kungabonisa ukuguquguquka kombala, kube mhlophe noma kube phuzi. Ukwengeza, isikhumba singase sibonakale somile, sinama-scaly, noma siqhekekile.
• Iphunga Elibi: Kwezinye izimo, iphunga elibi lingase liphume kuzipho olunegciwane, okubangelwa ukukhula kwesikhunta kanye nokunqwabelana kwemfucumfucu.
• Ukuvuvukala Nobuhlungu: Uma kushiywe kungagadiwe, isimo singaba sibi kakhulu. Isikhumba esizungeze uzipho singase sivuvukele, okuholela ebuhlungwini obukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi naseduze kozipho.
• Ama-dermatophytids: Ngezikhathi ezithile, abantu abane-onychomycosis bangase bahlakulele izilonda zesikhumba ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-dermatophytids kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lezi akuzona ezesibili izifo zokukhunta kodwa kunalokho ukungezwani kwesikhumba okubangelwa ukuchayeka kufungus wezinzipho.

Izinkinga ze-Nail fungus:

Nazi izimbangela eziyinhloko ze-nail fungus:

• Ukutheleleka kwefungal: Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuthola ukutheleleka kwefungal nail ukuxhumana ngqo nomuntu onesifo sokukhunta, njengonyawo lomsubathi noma umbungu. 
• Indawo Efudumele Nemanzi: Ukuhamba ungafake zicathulo ezindaweni eziswakeme njengama-pool decks, amagumbi okukhiya, noma amashawa omphakathi kukhulisa amathuba okuchayeka kusikhunta esingadala izifo zezinzipho.
• I-Nail Trauma: Noma yikuphi ukusikeka okuncane, ukuqhekeka, noma ukuhlukana kwezipho noma esikhumbeni esizungezile kungadala indawo efudumele, emanzi ukhunta engayisebenzisa futhi idale isifo.
• Amasosha omzimba Abuthakathaka: Abantu abanamasosha omzimba asengozini ngenxa yezimo ezithile, njenge sikashukela, i-HIV/AIDS, noma ukwelashwa komdlavuza, zingenwa kalula izifo ezithinta izinzipho. 
• Ukuchayeka Kaningi Kwezinzipho Ebuswakameni: Imisebenzi noma imikhuba ehlala imanzisa izinzipho, njengokugqoka amasokisi ajulukayo nezicathulo isikhathi eside noma ukucwilisa izandla njalo emanzini, kungakha indawo ekahle yokukhula kwesikhunta.

Ukuxilongwa:

Ukuxilongwa kwe-onychomycosis ngokuvamile kuhilela inhlanganisela yokuhlolwa komtholampilo nokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri:
Ukuhlolwa Komtholampilo:

• Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela izinzipho zakho, ebheka izimpawu zokushintsha umbala, ukuqina, ukuqina, noma ukuwohloka. Bangase futhi bahlole noma yikuphi ukunqwabelana kwemfucumfucu ngaphansi kozipho noma iphunga elibi, elingabonisa ukutheleleka kwefungal.

Ukusampula kwezinzipho:

• Udokotela wakho angase athathe amasampula okugunda izinzipho noma okukhuhla ukuze aqinisekise ukuxilongwa. 

Ukuhlolwa Kwaselabhorethri:
Amasampula ezinzipho aqoqiwe abe esengaphansi kokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri okuhlukahlukene ukuze kutholwe ubukhona bezinto eziphilayo zesikhunta futhi kunqunywe uhlobo oluthile lwesikhunta esibangela ukutheleleka.

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Potassium Hydroxide (KOH): Lokhu kuhlolwa kwelebhu kuhilela ukuncibilikisa isampula yezinzipho esixazululo se-potassium hydroxide nokuyihlola ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ukuze kutholakale ubukhona be-fungal hyphae (branching filaments).
• Isiko lesikhunta: Isampula yezinzipho ikhuliswa endaweni ekhethekile yokukhula ukuze isikhunta sikhule, okuvumela ukukhonjwa kwezinhlobo ezithile ezibhekene nalesi sifo.
• I-Histopathology: Ingxenye encane yozipho ingase ihlolwe nge-biopsy futhi ihlolwe ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu ngemva kokungcoliswa odayi abakhethekile ukuze ubone ngeso lengqondo izakhi zesikhunta.

Amathuluzi Okuxilonga Engeziwe:
Nakuba ingasetshenziswa njalo, odokotela bangase basebenzise amasu okuxilonga athuthukile kwezinye izimo:

• I-Dermoscopy (Onychoscopy): Le nqubo engahlanyisi isebenzisa i-dermoscope ephathwa ngesandla ukuze ihlole isipikili ngokukhuliswa okuphakeme, okudalula amaphethini esici ahlobene nezifo zokukhunta.
• I-Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM): Leli thuluzi lokuthwebula izithombe linikeza izithombe zesikhathi sangempela, ezinesinqumo esiphezulu zezendlalelo zezinzipho, okuvumela ukuhlolwa okuningiliziwe kwezakhiwo zokukhunta.
• Ama-Molecular Assays: Lezi zivivinyo, ezifana ne-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), zingathola futhi zihlonze i-DNA ethile yefungal kusampula yezinzipho.

Ukwelashwa Kwesikhunta Sezinzipho:

Ukwelashwa kwe-onychomycosis kungahlukaniswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
Ukwelapha Okuphezulu

• I-Medicated Nail Lacquers noma Izixazululo: Lezi zixazululo ze-antifungal zisetshenziswa ngqo kuzipho olunegciwane. Zisiza ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwesikhunta ngenkathi uzipho olusha, olunempilo lukhula. 
• Ama-Nail Creams anemithi: Okhilimu be-Antifungal bagcotshwa ezipikili ezinegciwane ngemuva kokucwiliswa. 

Imithi ye-Oral Antifungal
Odokotela bavame ukunikeza imithi yomlomo ye-antifungal ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu noma ezinenkani ze-nail fungus. Lezi zisebenza ngohlelo futhi zingaphatha ngempumelelo izinzipho zesikhunta ngaphakathi. 
Inhlanganisela yokwelapha    
Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlanganisa imithi ye-antifungal yomlomo nokwelashwa kwe-topical kungasebenza kangcono kunokusebenzisa noma iyiphi indlela yodwa. Lokhu kwelashwa okuhlangene kungathuthukisa umphumela wokwelapha jikelele.
Ukususwa Kwezinzipho
Udokotela wakho angase acebise ngokukhipha izinzipho ezinegciwane ngenxa yezifo ezinzima noma ezilahliwe noma lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingaphumeleli. Ukususa kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa:

• Ukususwa Kwezinzipho Okungahlinzeki: Kusetshenziswa ikhemikhali esizipho ukuze kube lula ukususwa kwazo.
• Ukususwa Kwezinzipho Zokuhlinzwa: Uzipho lukhishwa ngokuhlinzwa, okuvumela ukufinyelela okuqondile endaweni yokutheleleka.

Nini Ukubona Udokotela:

Kubalulekile ukuthola usizo lwezempilo mayelana ne-fungal infection esolwayo noma iyiphi inkinga yezinzipho engathuthuki ngamakhambi asekhaya. Nazi ezinye izimo lapho kufanele uthintane nodokotela noma udokotela wezinyawo (udokotela wezinyawo) ngaphandle kokulibala:

• Izimpawu ze-onychomycosis eziqhubekayo noma ezimbi kakhulu
• Ukushintsha okungazelelwe kuzipho
• Kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, ngisho nezinguquko ezincane ekubukekeni kwezinzwane zingaba yimbangela yokukhathazeka. 
• Uma unesimiso sokuzivikela ezifweni esisengozini futhi uqaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko zezinzipho, kubalulekile ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
• Uma ukutheleleka kwe-fungal kusakazeka kwezinye izipikili noma isikhumba esizungezile
• Ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe

Amakhambi Asekhaya Okutheleleka Ngezinzipho Isikhunta:

Ungahlola izinketho zemvelo eceleni kokwelashwa kanye nezindlela ezifanele zokuhlanzeka ezinyaweni, njenge:

• I-Baking Soda: Isoda yokubhaka kukholakala ukuthi inezinto ezimunca umswakama kanye nesikhunta. Faka ungqimba lwe-baking soda namanzi unamathiselwe ezinzipho. Yiyeke imizuzu eyi-10 ngaphambi kokuyihlanza. 
• Imikhiqizo ye-Menthol: Imikhiqizo equkethe i-menthol, efana ne-menthol rubs noma amafutha okugcoba, ngezinye izikhathi iphakanyiswa njengamakhambi asekhaya esikhunta sezinzwane. 
• I-Garlic: I-garlic kucatshangwa ukuthi inezakhiwo ze-antifungal futhi ingase inikeze inzuzo ethile ekwelapheni isikhunta sozipho. 
• I-Snakeroot Extract: I-Snakeroot (i-Ageratina pichinchensis) ekhishwe, etholakala esitshalweni somndeni kabhekilanga, ibonise umsebenzi othembisayo we-antifungal ngokumelene ne-toenail fungus, 
• Amafutha Esihlahla Setiye: Amafutha esihlahla setiye, abizwa ngokuthi amafutha e-melaleuca, iyikhambi lemvelo elidumile elinezindawo zokulwa ne-antifungal kanye ne-antiseptic.
• Amafutha e-Oregano: Amafutha e-Oregano aqukethe i-thymol, inhlanganisela ene-antifungal kanye ne-antibacterial properties. 
• Amafutha E-Ozonised: Amafutha e-Ozonised, afana namafutha omnqumo kanye ne-sunflower afakwe igesi ye-ozone, abonise amandla ekwelapheni ukhunta wezinzwane.
• I-Apple Cider Vinegar: Gcoba unyawo oluthintekile esixazululweni sengxenye eyodwa kaviniga ezingxenyeni ezimbili zamanzi afudumele kuze kube yimizuzu engama-20 nsuku zonke.
• Ama-Probiotics: Ukusebenzisa ukudla okunothe ngama-probiotic noma izithako ze-probiotic kungasiza ukusekela impilo yonke yezinyawo futhi kungase kuvimbele izifo zesikhunta.

Ukuvimbela Ukutheleleka Kwezinzipho:

Ukuvimbela izifo ze-nail kudinga ukugcina inhlanzeko enhle nokunakekela izinzipho zakho nesikhumba esizungezile. Nawa amanye amathiphu okusiza ukuvimbela izifo zezinzipho:

• Gcina Izinzipho Zihlanzekile Futhi Zomile: Geza futhi womise izinzipho zakho kahle ukuze uvimbele ukunqwabelana komswakama.
• Nquma Izinzipho Ngokufanele: Sika izipikili ziqonde futhi uzigcine zifushane. Gwema ukusika ama-cuticles.
• Vikela Izinzipho Ezingozini: Yiba mnene ngezinzipho futhi ugqoke amagilavu ​​uma wenza imisebenzi yasekhaya.
• Sebenzisa Amathuluzi Ahlanzekile: Qinisekisa ukuthi amathuluzi e-manicure ane-disinfected; gwema ukwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu.
• Gqoka Izicathulo Eziphefumulayo: Khetha izicathulo ezivumela izinyawo ukuthi ziphefumule futhi zishintshe amasokisi nsuku zonke.
• Moisturize Njalo: Gcina izinzipho nesikhumba simanzi, usebenzisa imikhiqizo ye-antifungal uma kudingeka.
• Gwema Izinzipho Zokwenziwa: Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinzipho zokwenziwa uma usengozini yokuthola izifo.
• Gada Izimpawu Zokutheleleka: Hlola ukuguga noma ukujiya futhi ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha uma kunesidingo.

Isiphetho:

Nakuba ngokuvamile kunganakwa, ukhunta lwezinzipho lungathinta kakhulu izinga lempilo yomuntu. Ngokuqonda ubunkimbinkimbi be-onychomycosis—kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo okucashile kuya ezindleleni zokwelashwa ezihlukahlukene—sizinika amandla okuphatha impilo yethu yezinzipho. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kanye nesu lokuphatha elibanzi kubalulekile, hhayi nje kuphela enhlalakahleni yomzimba kodwa nasekunciphiseni imithelela engase ibe khona engokwengqondo nenhlalakahle. 

FAQ sika

1) Ngingasisusa kanjani isikhunta ezinziphoni zami?

Izimpendulo: Imithi elwa nesikhunta esiphuzwayo ngokuvamile iyona ekhethwa kuqala, njengoba isiza uzipho olusha, olunempilo ukuba lukhule lungabi namagciwane. Imithi yokwelapha efana namalakhi ezinzipho anemithi, okhilimu, noma izixazululo nazo zingase zibekwe, ikakhulukazi ezifweni ezithambile kuya kwezilingene. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, udokotela angase atusa ukukhipha isipikili esinegciwane ukuze uvumele ukufinyelela okuqondile endaweni yokutheleleka.

2) Iyini imbangela ehamba phambili ye-nail fungus?

Izimpendulo: Isikhunta sezinzipho, noma i-onychomycosis, sibangelwa izinambuzane ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi isikhunta. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu yi-dermatophyte, ikakhulukazi i-Trichophyton rubrum fungus. Ukuthintana ngqo nomuntu onesifo sokukhunta, ukuhamba ungagqokanga zicathulo ezindaweni ezimanzi, nokugcina izinzipho zimanzi njalo kungandisa ingozi yokuthola izifo ezithinta izinzipho.

3) Ingabe i-nail fungus ihamba yodwa?

Izimpendulo: Cha, ukhunta lwezinzipho ngokuvamile aluzihambeli lodwa. Uma kuyekwa kungagadiwe, ukutheleleka kungaba kubi kakhulu futhi kungase kusabalele kwezinye izinzipho noma esikhumbeni esizungezile. 

4) Ingabe KULUNGILE ukushiya ukhunta lwezinzipho lungelashwa?

Izimpendulo: Ukushiya ukhunta wezinzipho ungelashiwe ngokuvamile akunconywa, njengoba ukutheleleka kungaba kubi futhi kubangele izinkinga ezingase zibe khona.

5) Ingabe i-nail fungus inomphela?

I-Ans: I-Nail fungus ayihlali njalo. Ngokwelashwa okufanele kwe-antifungal nokunamathela kuhlelo olunqunyiwe, kungenzeka ukuqeda ukutheleleka kwefungal.
 

UDkt. Sharad Biradar

MBBS, DNB Medicine, FCCM, FICM, D. Diabet
Izibhedlela Ezihlangene ze-CIIGMA (Iyunithi Yezibhedlela ze-CARE), Chh. Sambhajinagar

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529

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