I-Narcolepsy

I-Narcolepsy ayivamile neze ukuphazamiseka kokulala. Abantu abanalesi simo sempilo yonke bazizwa belele ngokweqile emini futhi bathola ukuhlaselwa kokulala okungalindelekile phakathi nemisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke. Lesi simo esingelapheki sezinzwa siphazamisa izindlela zokulala ezivamile futhi sibangele ubuthongo obuningi emini. Abantu bangase babhekane neziqephu zokulala kungazelelwe ezenzeka ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.

Lesi simo siqala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 nengama-30 kodwa izimpawu zingabonakala noma kunini empilweni. I-narcolepsy ithinta amadoda nabesifazane ngokulinganayo. Ukuxilongwa kufaka inselele ezigulini eziningi. Abantu abadala bavame ukulinda isilinganiso seminyaka eyishumi ngaphambi kokuthola ukuxilongwa okufanele. Lesi sihloko sihlola imvelo ye-narcolepsy, izimpawu, izindlela, izinketho zokwelapha, nezikhathi ezifanele zokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngalezi zimpawu zokulala eziphazamisayo.

Kuyini I-Narcolepsy?

I-narcolepsy ibangela ubuchopho ukuthi bube nzima nokulawula ukulala nokuhlala uphapheme. Lesi simo esingelapheki sezinzwa sinqamula imijikelezo yakho evamile yokulala. Abantu abane-narcolepsy bangena ku-REM ukulala ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile ngokuvamile emizuzwini eyi-15 esikhundleni semizuzu engama-60 kuye kwengama-90 evamile. Imigqa phakathi kokuphaphama nokulala ayicaci, okuvumela zombili izifunda ukuthi zihlangane ngokungalindelekile.

Izinhlobo Ze-Narcolepsy

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Thayipha 1 i-narcolepsy: Lolu hlobo luza ne-cataplexy (ubuthakathaka obungalindelekile bemisipha) namazinga aphansi e-hypocretin, ikhemikhali yobuchopho elawula ukuphaphama. Lesi sigaba sibalelwa ku-20% amacala e-narcolepsy.
• Thayipha 2 i-narcolepsy: Abantu abanalolu hlobo abanalo i-cataplexy futhi banamazinga avamile e-hypocretin. Lokhu kumelela amacala angama-80% we-narcolepsy.

Ukulimala kobuchopho, izimila noma ezinye izimo ezithinta izindawo ezilawula ukulala zingaholela ekudambiseni okwesibili ezimweni ezingavamile.

Izimpawu ze-Narcolepsy

Ukulala ngokweqile emini kuwuphawu oluyinhloko lwe-narcolepsy. Ukuhlala uqaphile isikhathi eside kuba nzima. Nazi ezinye izimpawu ze-narcolepsy:

• Ukuhlaselwa kokulala - iziqephu zokulala ezingazelelwe, ezingalawuleki
• I-Cataplexy - imizwa ibangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Ukukhubazeka kokulala - ukungakwazi ukuhamba okwesikhashana ngenkathi ulele noma uvuka
• Ama-hallucinations - okuhlangenwe nakho okucacile okufana nephupho phakathi nezinguquko zokulala
• Kuphazamisekile ukulala ebusuku
• Ukuziphatha okuzenzakalelayo (ukwenza izinto ngaphandle kokuzikhumbula)

I-Narcolepsy Izimbangela

Ukuntuleka kobuchopho kwe-hypocretin kubangela i-narcolepsy yoHlobo loku-1. Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi amasosha omzimba ahlasela amangqamuzana akhiqiza i-hypocretin ngephutha. Izici zemvelo cishe zibangela lokhu kusabela kubantu abasengozini yofuzo.

Izingozi Zezingozi

Lezi zici zandisa ingozi ye-narcolepsy:

• Ubudala (abantu abaningi bayayikhulisa phakathi kweminyaka eyi-15-25)
• Umlando womndeni (ukuba nesihlobo esiseduze ne-narcolepsy kwandisa ingozi)
• Izinguquko ezithile zofuzo, ikakhulukazi i-HLA-DQB1*06:02

Izinkinga Ze-Narcolepsy

I-Narcolepsy idala ukukhathazeka kokuphepha ngenkathi ushayela noma wenza imisebenzi engaba yingozi. Isimo sithinta ubudlelwano, ukusebenza komsebenzi, nempumelelo ezifundweni. Abantu abaningi bazizwa bengabodwa noma becindezelekile ngenxa yokuthi abanye abasiqondi isimo sabo.

Ukuxilongwa Kwe-Narcolepsy

Ongoti bokulala basebenzisa izivivinyo ezikhethekile ukuze bathole i-narcolepsy ngokunembile. Udokotela wakho uzodinga umlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele ngaphambi kokuncoma ukuhlolwa okuqondile.

Odokotela basebenzisa lezi zivivinyo ezimbili eziyinhloko ukuze baqinisekise i-narcolepsy:

• I-Polysomnogram (PSG) - Lokhu kuhlola kwenzeka ngobusuku obubodwa futhi kukala umsebenzi wobuchopho, ukunyakaza kwemisipha, nokunyakaza kwamehlo ngenkathi ulele. Kuyasiza ukunquma ukuthi ukulala kwe-REM kuqala ngokushesha kakhulu emjikelezweni wokulala.
• Ukuhlolwa Kwezinga Lokulala Okuningi (i-MSLT) - Odokotela benza isivivinyo se-MSLT ngosuku olulandela i-PSG. Ihlola ukuthi umuntu angalala kanjani ngesikhathi sokulala emini. Iziguli ezine-narcolepsy zilala ngaphansi kwemizuzu emi-5 bese zilala nge-REM ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile.

Odokotela bangenza a ukubhoboza okungekho emthethweni ukuhlola amazinga e-hypocretin ku-cerebrospinal fluid, ikakhulukazi uma unohlobo 1 lwe-narcolepsy.

Ukwelashwa Kwe-Narcolepsy

I-Narcolepsy ayinalo ikhambi, kodwa izindlela eziningi zokwelapha zisebenza ukuze kulawuleke izimpawu:

• Izikhuthazi ze-CNS ukunciphisa ubuthongo basemini
• Ama-CNS depressants athuthukisa ukulala ebusuku futhi anciphise i-cataplexy
• Ama-antidepressants angalawula ukukhubazeka kokulala kanye ne-cataplexy

Le mithi isebenza kangcono ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila:

• Ukulala okuncane ngezikhathi ezihleliwe
• Izindlela zokulala ezivamile
• Abukho utshwala noma i-caffeine ngaphambi kokulala
• Zivocavoce njalo (okungenani amahora angu-4-5 ngaphambi kokulala)

Kufanele Ngimbone Nini Udokotela

Kufanele uthole usizo lwezokwelapha uma ukozela kwasemini kuthinta impilo yakho yomuntu siqu noma yomsebenzi. Iziqephu zokulala kungazelelwe ngaphandle kwezimbangela ezisobala zidinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda i-narcolepsy kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokulawula amaphethini akho okulala kanye nempilo yansuku zonke. Lesi simo esihlobene nobuchopho kungase kube nzima ukusisingatha, kodwa ukwelashwa okufanele kanye nezinguquko endleleni ophila ngayo kungakwenza silawuleke. Kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ukukhathala emini noma ukulala akuyona isimilo ebuthakathakeni noma ubuvila. Lezi izimpawu zezokwelapha zangempela ezidinga ochwepheshe ukuze bazisize futhi babelaphe. Ukuxilongwa okulungile kanye nezinhlelo zokwelashwa ezilungiselelwe kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yeziguli ezine-narcolepsy kakhulu.

Izindlela zokwelapha zakamuva ezifana nemithi kanye nezindlela zokulala ezihleliwe ziyishintshile indlela abantu abaningi abane-narcolepsy abaphila ngayo. Ukuyiqaphela nokuthola ukunakekelwa okuphelele kungenza ukuphila kube ngcono kakhulu. Kungasiza abantu ukuthi balandele amaphupho abo emisebenzi, bagcine ubudlelwano obuhle, futhi babe khona ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Iyini imbangela eyinhloko ye-narcolepsy?

Ososayensi abakaqondi ngokugcwele imbangela yangempela ye-narcolepsy okwamanje. Abantu abane-narcolepsy yohlobo loku-1 banamazinga aphansi e-hypocretin, ikhemikhali yobuchopho elawula ukuphaphama. Amasosha omzimba ahlasela futhi acekele phansi amangqamuzana obuchopho enza i-hypocretin. Izici zofuzo kanye nezimbangela zemvelo ezifana nezifo (ikakhulukazi uma unomkhuhlane we-H1N1) cishe zidlala indima kule mpendulo ye-autoimmune.

2. I-narcolepsy iqala eminyakeni emingaki?

Abantu abaningi baqale babone izimpawu ze-narcolepsy phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 nengu-30. Zonke ngaphandle kwesisodwa salezi ziguli ziba nezimpawu ngaphambi kokuba zibe neminyaka engu-18, kanti ezinye zibonisa izimpawu lapho ziseneminyaka engu-5. Izimpawu zezingane zingase zihluke kakhulu kwezabantu abadala - zingase zibonakale zingasebenzi kahle esikhundleni sokuzozela.

3. Ubani ovamise ukuba ne-narcolepsy?

Cishe abantu abangama-25-50 kwabayi-100,000 emhlabeni wonke bane-narcolepsy. Lesi simo sithinta amadoda nabesifazane ngokulinganayo. Ingozi yakho iba ngokuphindwe ka-20-40 uma unelungu lomndeni eliseduze eline-narcolepsy.

4. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-narcolepsy nokukhathala?

I-narcolepsy ihlukile ekukhathaleni okuvamile njengesifo sezinzwa esithinta indlela ubuchopho bakho obulawula ngayo imijikelezo yokulala. Ukukhathala okuvamile kuba ngcono lapho uphumule, kodwa i-narcolepsy ibangela ukuhlaselwa kokulala kungazelelwe noma ikuphi ukulala okungakanani. Ukukhubazeka kokulala, i-cataplexy, kanye nemibono ehlobene nokulala nakho kwenza i-narcolepsy ihluke.

CARE Medical Team