I-Osteomalacia

Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin D imelela ukuntuleka komsoco okusakazeke kakhulu emhlabeni, kodwa abantu abavamile ukuqonda imiphumela yako eyingozi. Lokhu kushoda kuholela ku-osteomalacia, odokotela abayibiza ngokuthi “isifo samathambo athambile,” futhi kwenza amathambo abe buthaka kakhulu.

Lesi simo sibangela ubuhlungu bamathambo iziguli ezizizwa emilenzeni, emathangeni, emathangeni angaphezulu nasemadolweni. Amazinga aphansi kavithamini D, calcium, noma i-phosphate emzimbeni ibangela lesi simo esibuhlungu. Ukuqinisa ukudla ngovithamini D kucishe kwaqeda ama-rickets (inguqulo yezingane) emazweni aseNtshonalanga ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Nokho, odokotela baye baqaphela ukwanda okukhathazayo kwamacala eminyakeni embalwa edlule. I-osteomalacia engatholakali ingabangela amathambo aphukile kanye nokukhubazeka okukhulu. Lesi simo senza ukuhamba kube inselele ngenxa yokuphuka kwengxenye ebuhlungu odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi i-Looser's zone.

Iyini i-Osteomalacia?

Abantu abadala bangahlakulela amathambo athambile, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi i-osteomalacia. Lesi simo sihlukile kwe-osteoporosis, eyenza amathambo abe mancane. I-Osteomalacia yenzeka ngenxa yokuthi amathambo ahluleka ukugaya kahle. Amathambo akho aba buthakathaka futhi athambe futhi angase agobe ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Leli gama empeleni lisho "amathambo athambile," okuyichaza kahle imvelo yalesi sifo.

Izimpawu ze-Osteomalacia

Abantu bangase bangaboni noma yiziphi izimpawu ze-osteomalacia ngesikhathi sokuqala. Lesi simo siyaqhubeka futhi sibonisa lezi zimpawu:

• Amathambo akho abuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ezinqulwini, okhalweni, emilenzeni nasemhlane ophansi, futhi ubuhlungu buya ngokuya buba bubi nakakhulu ngokuhamba.
• Imisipha ebuthaka yenza kube nzima ukukhuphuka izitebhisi
• Ukuhamba kuba nzima nge-waddle ehlukile
• Amathambo azizwa ethambile uma ethintwa
• Amaqhubu amancane noma ukuwa kungabangela ukuphuka kwamathambo
• Izandla nezinyawo zizwa izikhonkwane nezinaliti

Ubuthakathaka buthinta kakhulu amathanga akho, amahlombe kanye nomboko. Ukunyakaza okulula kuba buhlungu, futhi ukuphumula kusiza ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki.

Izinkinga ze-Osteomalacia

Ukuntuleka kwevithamini D kugqama njengembangela eyinhloko. Umzimba wakho kufanele ube novithamini D ukuze umunce i-calcium ne-phosphorus - la maminerali akha amathambo aqinile. Amathambo awakwazi ukuqina kahle ngaphandle kwevithamini D eyanele.

Ezinye izici eziningi zingadala i-osteomalacia:

• Isifo se-Celiac nezinye izinkinga zokugaya ukudla
• Izinkinga zezinso noma isibindi
• Eminye imithi, ikakhulukazi imithi elwa nokuquleka
• Amazinga aphansi e-phosphate

Izingozi ze-Osteomalacia

Lesi simo sithinta kakhulu amaqembu athile:

• Abantu abanokuchayeka kancane elangeni
• Izakhamuzi zasezindaweni ezibandayo, ezimnyama
• Abanesikhumba esimnyama
• Abantu abalandela ukudla kwemifino noma i-vegan
• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kuka-65
• Pregnant kanye nabesifazane abancelisayo
• Abantu abavala iningi lesikhumba sabo ngezingubo

Izinkinga ze-Osteomalacia

I-osteomalacia engalashwa ingabangela:

• Ukuphuka okuncane okubizwa ngokuthi izindawo ze-Looser's
• Ukuphuka okuphelele kwamathambo
• Ukukhubazeka kwamathambo okuhlala njalo, kuhlanganise nomgogodla ogobile
• Izinkinga zokunyakaza zesikhathi eside

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iziguli eziningi zisabela kahle ekwelashweni futhi zingalindela imiphumela emihle.

Sifo

Odokotela baqala ngokungena emlandweni wakho wezokwelapha futhi bakuhlole ngokomzimba. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana:

• I-Vitamin D, i-calcium ne-phosphate amazinga
• I-Alkaline phosphatase (ngokuvamile iphakeme)
• I-hormone ye-Parathyroid (evame ukwanda)
• I-Creatinine kanye nama-electrolyte

Ama-X-ray athola ama-pseudofractures (abuye abizwe ngokuthi ama-Looser zones), futhi izikena zokuminyana kwamathambo ziveza amaphethini okulahleka kwamathambo. Lezi ziskena zingabonisa i-osteomalacia ibukeka njenge-osteoporosis, kodwa lezi zimo zihluke kakhulu. Odokotela bangase bancome i-bone biopsy ezimeni ezingacacile - izinga eligolide lokuxilongwa.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Osteomalacia

Okugxilwe kakhulu kwezinhlelo zokwelashwa kwe-osteomalacia ukubuyisela amazinga kavithamini D. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zifaka:

Odokotela bavamise ukunikeza izithasiselo zevithamini D zansuku zonke, kuqala ngemithamo ephezulu (50,000 IU maviki onke amaviki angu-8-12) ngaphambi kokuthuthela kumithamo yokulungisa engu-800-2000 IU nsuku zonke. 

Izithako ze-calcium (1000 mg nsuku zonke) zisebenza ngokuhambisana nokwelashwa kwe-vitamin D. Iziguli ezinezinkinga zokumuncwa zingase zidinge imithamo ephezulu noma amafomu akhethekile kavithamini D.

Iziguli eziningi zibona ukuthuthuka phakathi namasonto, nakuba ukuphulukiswa okuphelele kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile kusiza ukuqapha ukuqhubeka phakathi nokwelashwa.

Uzoyibona Nini Udokotela

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana:

• Ubuhlungu bethambo obuqhubekayo noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha
• Kunzima ukuhamba
• Ukuphuka okungachazeki
• Ubuhlungu uma kuthintwa amathambo

Prevention

Ukuchayeka elangeni kuyindlela enhle yokuthola uvithamini D wemvelo - imizuzu eyi-10-15 nje yelanga lasemini izikhathi eziningana ngesonto kusiza abantu abaningi. Umzimba wakho uzuza futhi ekudleni okunothe ngovithamini D (inhlanzi enamafutha, izikhupha zamaqanda, imikhiqizo eqinisiwe) kanye ne-calcium.

Abantu abasengozini enkulu kufanele bacabange ngezithako zokudla zansuku zonke ngemva kokukhuluma nodokotela babo. Isisindo esinempilo, ukugwema ukubhema, kanye nokuphuza utshwala okusesilinganisweni kusiza ukuvikela amandla akho amathambo.

Isiphetho

Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke zihlushwa i-osteomalacia, kodwa ngokuvamile ayibonwa. Amathambo akho angase athambe kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa iziguli eziningi zingakwazi ukululama ngokugcwele ngokuxilongwa okufanele. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ama-X ray, nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba kusiza odokotela babone lesi simo, nakuba ukutholakala kwalesi sifo kungathatha iminyaka.

I-Vitamin D idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni amathambo akho enempilo. Abantu abangahlali ndawo eduze nenkabazwe basengozini enkulu, njengalabo abanesikhumba esimnyama noma abagcina ingxenye enkulu yemizimba yabo imbozekile. Abantu abadala asebekhulile nabesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele banake ngokukhethekile impilo yabo yamathambo.

Izinga lempumelelo yokwelashwa liyamangalisa. Iningi leziguli liqala ukuzizwa lingcono ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa kuqale uvithamini D kanye nezithako ze-calcium. Nakuba ukululama okuphelele kuthatha isikhathi, amathambo ngokuvamile aba namandla ngokwelashwa okungaguquki.

Ukuhamba phambili ngezinkinga zamathambo kusebenza kangcono kunokwelapha, ngaphandle kokungabaza. Umzimba wakho uzenzela owawo uvithamini D lapho uchitha isikhathi esifushane elangeni izikhathi ezimbalwa isonto ngalinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla izinhlanzi ezinamafutha, amaqanda, nokudla okuqinile kusiza ukukhulisa amazinga akho ngokwemvelo. Ukuvakashelwa odokotela okuvamile kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma ubona ubuhlungu obungachazeki bamathambo noma ubuthakathaka.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Yiziphi izimbangela eziphambili ze-osteomalacia?

Ukushoda kwe-Vitamin D kuyisizathu esibaluleke kakhulu ngemuva kwe-osteomalacia. Nazi ezinye izizathu zokuthi kungani kwenzeka:

• Ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla - Isifo seCeliac, isifo sikaCrohn, kanye ne-cystic fibrosis kuvimbela ukumuncwa okufanele kwezakhi
• Izinkinga zezinso noma zesibindi - Lezi zitho zisiza ukwenza kusebenze uvithamini D, onciphisa amakhono okuqinisa amathambo lapho onakele.
• Imiphumela yemithi - Izidakamizwa ezilwa nokuthunjwa (mthombeni, i-carbamazepine), phumlani, futhi amanye ama-antacid aphazamisa ukucubungula kukavithamini D
• Ukuchayeka elangeni okulinganiselwe - Ingozi iyanda kubantu abahlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho noma labo abachitha isikhathi esincane noma abangasisebenzisi bengaphandle
• Izici zokudla - Ukudla okuphansi kwe-calcium kungabangela i-osteomalacia ngisho novithamini D owanele

Iziyaluyalu zofuzo ezithinta i-phosphate metabolism nezimo ezibangelwa isimila ezishintsha ibhalansi yamaminerali omzimba ziyizimbangela ezingavamile.

2. Yikuphi ukushoda kwevithamini okubangela i-osteomalacia?

Ukushoda kwe-Vitamin D yigebe eliyisisekelo lokudla okunempilo eliholela ku-osteomalacia. Le vitamin ebalulekile ivela ku:

• Ukukhanya kwelanga esikhumbeni (umthombo wemvelo oyinhloko)
• Imithombo yokudla (inhlanzi enamafutha, izikhupha zamaqanda, nokudla okuqinisiwe)
• Izithasiselo (ngokuvamile ezidingekayo ukuze ukwelashwa)

UDkt. Chandra Sekhar Dannana

I-MBBS, i-MS (Amathambo), i-MRCS, i-FRCSED (I-Trauma & Orthopaedics)
CARE Hospitals, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad

Ukuze Ubhukhe Isikhathi, shayela:

+ 91 40-68106529